乙醇催化羰化合成产物的气相色谱分析

用双金属作催化剂、碘乙烷作助剂的乙醇催化羰化合成丙酸和丙酸乙酯的反应体系中,可能存在的化合物有水、乙醇、碘乙烷、丙酸、丙酸乙酯和醚类、醛类等。从文献报道可见此类含水多种化合物的分离,使     

中草药地牯牛幼虫乙醇提取物GC/MS分析

通过对中草药地牯牛幼虫乙醇提取物进行GS／MS分析,发现该虫提取物中主要化学成分是脂肪羧酸和脂肪羧酸酯,其中Z,Z-9,12一十八碳二烯酸和Z-9-十八碳烯酸乙酯分别占出峰面积的22．24％和23．83％,十二烷酸乙酯、十六烷酸乙酯、十四烷酸乙酯和十四烷酸分别占出峰面积的10．00％、16．12％、11．11％和8．13％,共占峰面积的91．47％。     

有机磷化合物的研究--Ⅰ.二硫代磷酸 O,O-二乙酯的氯化反应

二硫代磷酸 O,O-二乙酯的氯化产物是硫磷醯氯 O,O-二乙酯及一氯化硫。其氯化过程的中间物,硫代磷酸 O,O-二乙酯氯化硫,双(硫代磷酸二乙酯)二硫物,双(二硫代磷酸二乙酯)三硫物俱经分离及检定,上述三化合物形成的条件,以及进一步氯化的产物均加以确定,故二硫磷酸 O,O-二乙酯的氯化过程业已阐明。志谢:本实验中的碳、氢元素分析,系中国科学院有机化学研究所代做,特此志谢。     

合成乳酸乙酯精馏残液的分析

合成乳酸乙酯精馏残液的分析张青枝，华国雄，鲁富贵，张深松，赵根锁（河南师范大学化学系新乡４５３００２）（河南省化学研究所郑州）关键词乳酸乙酯，精馏残液，红外光谱，电子轰击质谱采用乳酸、乙醇直接酯化法［１］，有机溶剂共沸法［２］，合成乳酸乙酯收率较低。...     

乙醇含量对黄酒挥发性组分检测的影响

黄酒是风味独特的发酵酒,酒中组分复杂,且不同种类黄酒中乙醇含量差异较大。通过顶空-气相色谱法(HS-GC)测量不同乙醇含量的黄酒中挥发性组分色谱峰面积的变化,分析了乙醇引起的基质效应对不同挥发性组分定量检测的影响。在乙醇含量为10%～19%vol(酒精度)的黄酒中,16种挥发性组分(仲丁醇、正丙醇、异丁醇、正丁醇、异戊醇、β-苯乙醇、乙醛、异戊醛、苯甲醛、甲酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丁酯、乙酸异戊酯、己酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、丁二酸二乙酯)的峰面积与乙醇含量呈线性负相关。酒中乙醇含量的升高改变了其他大部分微量挥发性组分的气液平衡。乙缩醛的峰面积与乙醇含量呈线性正相关,两者在乙醇浓度变化过程中发生化学反应。甲醇、糠醛和乙酸的峰面积受乙醇含量的影响较小。色谱峰面积受乙醇含量的影响系数为-12.4%～4.9%,不同挥发性组分的蒸汽压及气液平衡受到乙醇基质效应的影响程度不同。将不同黄酒样品调整至同一酒精度后,不同样品中挥发性组分在溶液中的含量与色谱峰总面积成正比,乙醇引起的基质效应对检测结果的干扰得到有效降低。研究人员在使用基于气液平衡等原理的前处理方法开展风味组分定量检测时,应将不同黄酒样品调整至相...     

磷酸丙酮法木质纤维素预处理中木质素的分离与表征

在木质纤维素制取乙醇过程中,合理高效地分离出木质素并加以利用,可以提升纤维乙醇整体工艺的经济性。 以杨木粉为原料,从木质素产率和改性程度的角度出发,分析对比了3种预处理方法所提取的木质素。 结果表明,磷酸丙酮法所得木质素产率达到15%~25%,碱法蒸煮法和有机溶剂所得木质素仅占到9.58%和13.47%。 红外吸收光谱结果表明,磷酸丙酮木质素在1608、1507和1463 cm-1等处具有相对最强的吸收信号,在1650 cm-1处也有共轭羰基吸收峰,因此磷酸丙酮木质素的改性程度相对较小,核磁共振氢谱表征也同时验证了这一结果,这种木质素适于进一步的开发利用。 低压常温下的磷酸丙酮预处理方法可以有效提升纤维乙醇工艺的经济性。     

在三乙酸锰引发下芳烃与β-二羰基化合物的反应

在三乙酸锰和磷酸作用下,芳烃和乙酰乙酸乙酯反应,生成芳基乙酰乙酸乙酯和亚芳基二乙酰乙酸乙酯。反应是通过生成CH_3COCHCO_2C_2H_5自由基进行的。丙二酸二乙酯和芳烃在三乙酸锰和磷酸作用下也能发生同样的反应。     

纳米二氧化硅标准物质候选物的制备

以正硅酸乙酯和去离子水为反应物,氨水为催化剂,乙醇为共溶剂,通过沉淀反应制备窄分布的纳米二氧化硅标准物质候选物。利用扫描电子显微镜分析考察了氨水的用量对制备的二氧化硅粒度的影响。     

二硝基苯乙基氟代膦酸二乙酯的制备

在室温下,二氟溴甲基膦酸二乙酯与锌粉反应生成锌试剂;2,4-二硝基氯化苄与合成的锌试剂在溴化亚铜催化作用下即可反应生成二硝基苯乙基(氟代)磷酸二乙酯化合物。两步反应都可在室温下进行,操作简单易行。     

聚磷酸酯型脂质体膜材的合成

以Ｐ，Ｐ－二氯磷酸β一溴乙酯和α－硬脂酸单甘油酯为单体，通过缩聚反应合成聚磷酸醋，再经季铵化制备了四种新的聚磷酸酸型脂质体膜材．用逆相蒸发法制备了脂质体，并以５－氟尿嘧啶为模型药物进行包封，测定了包封率和体外释放性能．     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Effect of the Method of Modification of Zeolite X on Selectivity of Catalytic Methylation of Toluene

Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry - The effect of the method of modification of catalysts based on zeolite X by cesium and magnesium cations (ion exchange and impregnation) on the selectivity...     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Synthesis of tetrabenzoporphins of the basis of isoindoline

Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds -