手性化合物组合修饰剂对CdSe纳米晶荧光性能的影响及标记大肠杆菌的研究

以手性化合物L-青霉胺、D-青霉胺、L-半胱氨酸为单一修饰剂或组合成双修饰剂,合成不同修饰剂修饰的CdSe纳米晶。对最佳合成条件如配料比,反应pH值,回流温度,回流时间进行了优化,对CdSe纳米晶发光强度及稳定性进行了系统研究。结果发现双修饰剂修饰的纳米晶比单修饰剂修饰的纳米晶荧光强度高,稳定性好;双修饰剂中第二修饰剂的空间位阻小的修饰效果好;不同手性修饰剂之间能以稳定方式结合的修饰效果好。研究了CdSe纳米晶对生物大分子的识别,仅发现核酸对CdSe纳米晶有明显的作用,用CdSe纳米晶作为荧光探针对大肠杆菌进行标记。     

Synthesis and Properties of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Phthalocyanines with D,L-Leucine Fragments

Nucleophilic substitution of the nitro group in 4-nitrophthalocyanine by the D,L-leucine fragment yields N-(3,4-dicyanophenyl)-D,L-leucine possessing a chiral site. This product was used to synthesize new symmetrical and asymmetrical phthalocyanines.     

手性β-氨基醇催化α,β-不饱和酮的不对称环氧化反应

将以烯烃为原料通过Sharpless不对称双羟化等多步反应合成的8种手性β-氨基醇, 作为有机小分子催化剂, 用于催化α,β-不饱和酮的不对称环氧化反应．考察了影响对映选择性的催化剂结构、催化剂用量、氧化剂种类、溶剂、反应温度等因素．结果表明, 当催化剂用量为30 mol%、氧化剂为TBHP(叔丁基过氧化氢)、正己烷溶剂、在室温下、以(1S,2R)-(＋)-1,2-二苯基-2-甲氨基乙醇(3)作催化剂时, 所得环氧化物的对映体过量最高为70% ee, 产率最高为84%.     

New chiral spiro[2.5]octanones as products of methylenation of (3<Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis>, 6<Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis>)-2-arylidene-6-isopropyl-3-methylcyclohexanones with dimethylsulfoxonium methylide. Synthesis,stereochemistry, and behavior in liquid-crystalline systems

Methylenation of (3R,6R)-2-(4-X-benzylidene)-6-isopropyl-3-methylcyclohexanones (X = F, Cl, Ph) with dimethylsulfoxonium methylide occurs stereoselectively to give 1(S)-(4-X-phenyl)-5(R)-isopropyl-8(R)-methyl-3(R)-spiro[2.5]octanones, whose stereochemistry was established by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The configuration of the chiral centers in the cyclohexanone fragment and its preferred conformation (methyl is axial and isopropyl is equatorial) in the products do not change with respect to the starting enones. The mutual trans-arrangement of the carbonyl and aryl groups at the newly formed three-membered ring was established; the aryl group also occupies the trans-position with respect to the axial methyl group of the cyclohexanone fragment. Using methylenation of the compound with X = Ph as an example, a mixture of by-products resulting from oxidative hydroxylation at the α-position relative to the carbonyl group was isolated. The resulting chiral spiro[2.5]octanones induce a helical supramolecular ordering in the nematic mesophase of 4-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl and exhibit a twisting power only somewhat (by 20–30%) lower than the starting enones. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2331–2341, October, 2005.     

手性β-氨基醇的合成及其催化二乙基锌与醛的不对称加成反应

以烯烃为原料通过Sharpless不对称双羟化等多步反应合成7种手性β-氨基醇, 并将该类化合物用于催化二乙基锌和醛的不对称加成反应. 分别考察了影响对映选择性的催化剂结构、催化剂用量、溶剂、反应温度等各种因素. 当催化剂用量为5%、甲苯溶剂、在－10 ℃下、以(1S,2R)-(＋)-2-氨基-1,2-二苯基乙醇(1b)作催化剂时, 所得仲醇的对映体过量最高为85% ee, 产率高达100%.     

盐酸(R)-沙丁胺醇的不对称合成

研究了一种化学不对称合成盐酸(R)-沙丁胺醇的方法. 以自制的手性龙脑基β-二酮铁络合物为催化剂催化起始原料3-乙酰氧基甲基-4-乙酰氧基苯乙烯(1)的不对称环氧化, 得到(R)-3-乙酰氧基甲基-4-乙酰氧基苯基环氧乙烷(2), 这一步的化学收率和光学收率都较高. 然后环氧化合物2与叔丁胺发生开环反应, 再与盐酸成盐即制得盐酸(R)-沙丁胺醇. 合成盐酸(R)-沙丁胺醇只需两步, 总收率为68%. 还考察了反应温度、催化剂种类、催化剂的量等因素对3-乙酰氧基甲基-4-乙酰氧基苯乙烯(1)的不对称环氧化的化学产率和光学收率的影响.     

Chiral ligand-exchange chromatography on an RP HPLC column coated with a new chiral selector derived froml-spinacine

Summary A commercial reversed-phase (RP) C₁₈ HPLC column has been dynamically coated with the chiral selectorN ^τ-n-decyl-l-spinacine and then loaded with copper(II) ions. Several racemic mixtures of underivatized amino acids and oligopeptides were resolved on the column by chiral ligand-exchange chromatography. The most important experimental conditions affecting column efficiency, retention, and selectivity (temperature and mobile phase flow rate and composition) were extensively investigated.     

Chiral Separation of (R,R)-Tadalafil and Its Enantiomer in Bulk Drug Samples and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms by Chiral RP-LC

A new simple isocratic chiral RP-LC method has been developed for the separation and quantification of the enantiomer of (R,R)-tadalafil in bulk drugs and dosage forms with an elution time of about 20 min. Chromatographic separation of (R,R)-tadalafil and its enantiomer was achieved on a bonded macro cyclic glycopeptide stationary phase. The method resolves the (R,R)-tadalafil and its enantiomer with a resolution (R _s) greater than 2.4 in the developed chiral RP-LC. The mobile phase used for the separation and quantification of (R,R)-tadalafil and its enantiomer involves a simple mixture of reverse phase solvents and the cost of analysis was drastically decreased. The test concentration is 0.4 mg mL⁻¹ in the mobile phase. This method is capable of detecting the enantiomer of (R,R)-tadalafil up to 0.0048 μg wrt test concentration 400 μg mL⁻¹ for a 20 μL injection volume. The drug was subjected to stress conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation. There was no interference of degradants with (R,R)-tadalafil and its enantiomer in the developed method. The developed chiral RP-LC method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. The percentage recovery for the enantiomer of (R,R)-tadalafil in bulk drug samples and in dosage forms ranged from 97.0 to 102.5%. The test solution was found to be stable in the mobile phase for 48 h after preparation.     

手性铝试剂促进的β-环氧醇动力学拆分研究

首次以手性联萘酚修饰的三乙基铝为催化剂对消旋的β-环氧醇的动力学拆分进行了研究, 初步研究结果表明其回收原料的ee值可达60%. 同时研究了不同条件下三乙基铝与手性配体形成的手性路易斯酸对β-环氧醇的动力学拆分的影响, 并探讨了在三乙基铝催化下的反应机理.     

Asymmetric hydrogenation of acetophenone catalyzed by cinchonidine stabilized Ir/SiO2

A series of silica (SiO₂) supported iridium catalysts stabilized by cinchona alkaloids was prepared and applied in the heterogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation of acetophenone. Cinchona alkaloids exhibited a marked ability to stabilize and disperse the Ir particles. In the presence of (1S,2S)-diphenylethylenediamine ((1S,2S)-DPEN)) as chiral modifier, the cinchonidine (CD) stabilized catalyst 5%Ir/2CD-SiO₂ exhibited excellent catalytic performance in the asymmetric hydrogenation of acetophenone in MeOH. Under the optimum conditions, the ee value of (R)-phenylethanol achieved 79.8% and no other product was produced, a higher enantioselectivity than that reported up to now for acetophenone hydrogenation catalyzed by the supported metal catalysts modified by chiral reagents. In particular, a synergistic effect between (1S,2S)-DPEN and CD was observed, which significantly accelerated the reaction rate and enhanced the enantioselectivity. The catalyst can be reused several times without a significant loss of activity and enantioselectivity.     

Asymmetric Synthesis of （R）- and （S）-Moprolol

A simple and effective procedure for the enantioselective synthesis of （R）- and （S）-moprolol was described. The key step was the asymmetric synthesis of enantiopure （R）- and （S）-guaifenesin, which were synthesized from enantioenriched （R）-3-chloro-l,2-propanediol and （S）-epichlorohydrin via kinetics of hydrolysis resolution of racemic epichlorohydrin by chiral Salen-Co^Ⅲ complex. The e.e. values of both the optical compounds were above 98%, and the chemical structures of the target compounds were confirmed by ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR, IR, and MS.     

新型手性<i>β</i>-烷氨基-<i>γ</i>-(<i>l</i>-孟氧基)丁内酯的合成

脂肪族伯胺作为亲核试剂与手性合成子5(R)-(l-孟氧基)-2(5H)-呋喃酮(4)发生不对称Michael加成反应, 得到一系列新的手性β-烷氨基-γ-(l-孟氧基)丁内酯类化合物6(产率34～81%, de≥98%). 通过IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, MS, 元素分析及单晶X射线衍射分析, 确认了它们的化学结构、立体化学和绝对构型. 此结果为某些具有生物活性化合物及复杂分子的合成提供了新的途径.     

Isolation of lipase producer and its performance in enantioselective hydrolysis of glycidyl butyrate

A racemic glycidyl butyrate resolving strain, preliminarily identified as a Rhizopus sp., had been isolated from soil. Its extracellular lipase was found to enantioselectively hydrolyze the (S)-enantiomer of the chiral ester, with optimal activities at pH 5.3 and 42°C. Higher en antioselectivity of theenzyme was observed at lower temperatures, while the best anantioselectivity was obtained at pH 5.5–6.0, with an, E value (enantiomeric ratio) of 57.     

Rapid Chiral Separation by Flow-Through Chromatography with a Biporous Stationary Phase

Enantiomer separation is an area of increasing importance in chemistry and in the pharmaceutical industry. Although liquid chromatography is one of the most practical processes for chiral resolution, the high mass-transfer resistance of most commercially available packings makes chiral resolution time-consuming. In this work, a novel chiral stationary phase (CSP) with wide pores was prepared by coupling bovine serum albumin to a biporous resin with triazine as a linker. The rigid biporous medium was fabricated by radical suspension copolymerization with solid granules and solvents as porogenic agents. Studies by scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry revealed the matrix contained two types of pore—micropores smaller than 180 nm and macropores of 500–7300 nm. Because the macropores provide convective flow channels for the mobile phase, the chromatographic process can be operated at high flow rate with low back-pressure. The biporous CSP was applied to the resolution of d, l-tryptophan (Trp). When the flow velocity was as high as 1800 cm h^–1, d, l-Trp could still be separated. By comparison of the resolution of d, l-Trp on this CSP at high flow velocities with that predicted theoretically for conventional supports we concluded that the increased flow velocity had little effect on the resolution of enantiomers with biporous packings. The results indicate that the protein biporous CSP is promising for high-speed resolution of enantiomers.Revised: 8 October 2004 and 3 January 2005     

HPLC enantioseparation of phenylalanine analogs by application of (S)-N-(4-nitrophenoxycarbonyl)phenylalanine methoxyethyl ester as a new chiral derivatizing agent

Summary The indirect stereochemical resolution of the enantiomers of phenylalanine analogs was studied by high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. The resolution was performed by applying pre-column derivatization with (S)-N-(4-nitrophenoxycarbonyl)phenylalanine methoxyethyl ester, (S)-NIFE, as a new chiral derivatizing agent. Its applicability is demonstrated by the derivatization and separation of a series of ring-and α-methyl-substituted phenylalanines and phenylalanine amides, and especially by the derivatization of sterically hindered, less reactive α-methyl-substituted phenylalanine analogs. The diastereomeric, derivatives produced were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid, chromatography. The conditions of both derivatization and separation were optimized. The method described offers good enantioselectivity for various chiral amino compounds derived from chemo-enzymatic processes.     

Stereochemie von Metallocenen, 43. Mitt.: Torsionsisomere Biphenyl-tricarbonylchrom-Komplexe: Darstellung,Konformationsanalyse und Kinetik der Interkonversion

Complexation of methyl 3-nitro-2-(o-tolyl)-benzoate (2, ano-trisubstituted biphenyl) with hexacarbonyl chromium gave the isomeric Cr(CO)₃ complexes3 and4 both existing as two torsional isomersa andb, as seen by nmr. For the main product3 the preferred conformations of the two torsional isomersa andb were deduced by the lanthanide induced shift (LIS) technique. The activation energy for the interconversion process could be determined from kinetic measurements and especially from¹H-nmr coalescence temperature of the methylsignals. The barrier of 91±1.5 kJ/mol (21.7±0.3 kcal/mol) in3 reflects the interaction of theo-H-atom of the benzene ring passing the Cr(CO)₃ moiety of the benchrotrene ring during the interconversion.A partial optical resolution of3 was achieved by asymmetric reduction with a chiral lithium-aluminium hydride yielding (+)-3 with [] _D ²⁰ +30° (benzene) and the levorotatory alcohol (–)-7.

42. Mitt.:K. Schlögl undR. Schölm, Mh. Chem.109, 1227 (1978).     

α-氨基膦酸(酯)不对称合成研究进展

α-氨基膦酸作为天然氨基酸的含磷类似物, 具有广泛的生物活性, 详细介绍了使用手性辅助基团诱导和手性催化剂催化两种方法不对称合成光学活性α-氨基膦酸(酯)的最新研究进展.     

Fast turnaround bioanalysis in discovery and early clinical development

Summary The difect and indirect separation of enantiomers of secondary amino acids was studied by high-performance liquid chromatography. Direct separation was by using a macrocyclic glycopeptide, teicoplanin or ristocetin A, as chiral stationary phase. Indirect separation was via pre-column derivatization with (S)-N-(4-nitrophenoxycarbonyl)phenylalanine methoxyethyl ester [(S)-NIFE] as a new chiral derivatizing agent. Both direct and indirect separations were performed by means of reversed-phase HPLC. Conditions for separations were optimized. The methods described offer good enantioselectivity for synthetic chiral imino acids. Presented at Balaton Symposium '01 on High-Performance Separation Methods, Siófok, Hungary, September 2–4, 2001     

β-环糊精衍生化胰酶的合成及其手性分离性能研究

研究了β-环糊精衍生化胰酶的合成以及作为毛细管电色谱手性选择剂的分离性能. 利用乙二醇二环氧丙烷醚作为交联剂, 将β-环糊精接枝到胰酶蛋白的主链, 得到了β-环糊精衍生化胰酶. 将其通过化学键合连接到毛细管柱内壁, 制备了β-环糊精衍生化胰酶毛细管电色谱柱. 在加压毛细管电色谱模式下, 利用该柱分离了色氨酸、扑尔敏、布洛芬、异丙嗪和阿托品等对映异构体, 得到了理想的分离效果, 且在分离扑尔敏时, 随着电压的增加, 对映异构体分离的分离度和相对保留时间均增加.