溶剂浮选法分离富集污水中痕量羧酸类和胺类有机污染物的研究

本文报道了溶剂浮选法分离富集污水中痕量羧酸类有机污染物和胺类有机污染物的新方法。考察了溶液的pH值、通气速度、离子强度、浮选时间、相比以及不同溶剂对浮选效果的影响。在优化了浮选条件下溶剂浮选效率达到95％以上。采用本法对石化工业污水中的痕量羧酸类和胺类物质进行分离富集和鉴定,证明了该法的可行性。     

溶剂浮选吸光光度法的理论与实践

溶剂浮选吸光光度法是一种较新的分离分析技术,它能有效地测定痕量金属离子,是一个值得注意和研究的方法。本文介绍了包括作者的实验结果在内的直至目前为止所进行的有关溶剂浮选吸光光度法的主要研究结果。溶剂浮选法自1962年由Sebba提出后,     

活性染料的溶剂浮选动力学研究及其直接有机相光度法测定

以活性艳红X-3B作为研究实样,对活性染料的溶剂浮选动力学进行了初步,研究.试验表明:在较低的流速下,速率常数的增加与气体流速成正比,溶剂浮选过程中-ln(At/Ao)与时间的关系符合一级动力学方程.所选3种活性染料同时进行气浮溶剂浮选,其萃取率均大于96%;与常用的溶剂萃取法相比较,溶剂浮选法具有富集倍数大,回收率高,溶剂用量少等优点.将浮选后有机相直接用于光度法分析.将此方法应用于测定某印染厂废水中活性艳红X-3B的含量,测得其浮选率为98.1%,回收率为93.6%.     

痕量分析中的浮选法

浮选法由于简便和可靠而广泛用于痕量分析,它主要用于预富集天然水和高纯金属中低ppm级或ppb级的痕量元素,但也可用于分离天然水和废水中的其它物质。目前,浮选法的应用可分为两类:沉淀浮选法和离子浮选法。本文讨论了痕量分析中浮选法的一般原理、技术和应用。     

气质联用仪快速检测废水中多种有机污染物

对废水中有机污染物检测进行研究.通过pH调节使废水样中的不同污染物进行预分离,再用CH2Cl2和石油醚、正己烷混合溶剂对样品进行提取,用30 g/L硫酸钠溶液进行净化.通过气化室的程序升温达到不同性质污染物的色谱分离,得到可靠的污染物分离质谱图.在这种条件下可对48种农药进行快速定性分析.     

溶剂浮选-高效液相色谱法同时测定水体中痕量4-硝基甲苯、二苯甲酮和正丁苯

建立了一种同时测定水体中痕量4-硝基甲苯、二苯甲酮和正丁苯含量的新方法, 即采用溶剂浮选法分离富集水体中的痕量 4-硝基甲苯、二苯甲酮和正丁苯类环境激素, 用高效液相色谱法测定其含量. 考察了浮选溶剂、试液 pH、氮气流速、浮选时间等因素对浮选效果的影响, 优选出最佳浮选条件. 采用所述方法对石化地区水体中 4-硝基甲苯、二苯甲酮和正丁苯类环境激素进行测定, 样品加标回收率为92.7%～114.3%, RSD为4.8%～8.4%.     

气相色谱-质谱法分析化纤浆粕废水中有机污染物的组成

化学纤维生产中所产生的浆粕废水,排放量大、有机污染物浓度高、色度深,是引起水体环境恶化的重要污染源当前,对废水中有机污染物的污染程度主要是以综合指标五日生化需氧量(BOD3)、化学需氧量(COD)来表述。其实只靠这些综合指标并不能客观地反映废水中有机污染物,尤其是有毒有机污染物的组成与含量。用毛细管气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用仪能够快速、灵敏的分析废水中的有机污染物。本文采用GC-MS联用仪首次对化纤浆粕废水进行了分析,确定出该废水中有机污染物的种类。     

溶剂浮选技术的研究现状与展望

溶剂浮选是一种被气泡传质效应强化的液-液萃取技术,具有高分离效率、高富集系数、传质温和、低有机溶剂消耗、操作简单等优点,广泛应用于仪器分析的样品前处理、水体中有机污染物的分离富集、天然产物中活性物质分离等领域。本文比较全面地综述了溶剂浮选技术的通用模式、分离参数、应用现状和理论研究进展;在此基础上,重点介绍了近些年溶剂浮选领域出现的一些新分离模式和应用领域:新的分离模式主要是"双水相浮选"和"气浮络合萃取",新的应用领域主要是样品前处理技术的新应用以及对天然产物提取液中活性物质的分离富集。     

双水相气浮浮选光度法分离/测定废水中痕量土霉素

利用自制的浮选装置,选择四氢呋喃作溶剂,氯化钠作分相剂,NaOH溶液调节酸度,将Zn(II)与OTC形成的疏水性缔合物浮选至有机相,浮选完毕后经分光光度法分析,方法线性回归方程为A=2.038×105c(mol/L)+0.005,相关系数r=0.9996,线性范围：1.1×10-7~9.7×10-5 mol/L;检出限7.36×10-8 mol/L;回收率99.8~100.4%;表观摩尔吸光系数ε=2.038×105 L/(mol•cm),适用于废水中痕量土霉素的分离/富集及分析测定。     

化纤厂棉浆粕废水中有机污染物的GC-MS分析

化纤厂棉浆粕废水在酸性条件下经乙醚萃取——Kudema-Danish（K-D）浓缩器浓缩，采用气相色译质谱（GC／MS）联用仪对其有机污染物进行了分析研究。结果表明，在该废水中检测出14种有机物，主要污染物为有机酸类，占有机物总量的35．19％。其次为酯类和酮类，分别占有机物总量的30．03％和19．68％。此外，浆粕废水中还检测出二苯胺和环境优先污染物苯酚，分别占有机物总量的7．85%和5．42%。     

Solvent sublation of yttrium ions from dilute aqueous solutions by use of sodium dodecyl sulfate

Capacity of the adsorption-bubble separation method, solvent sublation, for recovery of trace amounts of yttrium was experimentally determined. The optimal process conditions and kinetic aspects of the solvent sublation were determined for solutions containing yttrium ions and sodium dodecyl sulfate as a collecting agent. It was found that the structure of sublates recovered into the organic phase varies with the solution pH.     

Removal of Nitrobenzene,Isophorone, 2,6-Dinitrotoluene and 2,4-Dinitrotoluene from Aqueous Solution by Solvent Sublation

Nitrobenzene, isophorone, 2,6-dinitrotoluene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene were removed from aqueous solution by solvent sublation. The separation efficiencies of three solvents (4-methyl-2-pentanone, 1-octanol and paraffin oil) as the overlaying layer were compared. The rate of separation of these organic pollutants by solvent sublation depends strongly on the size of air bubbles, which is affected by the overlaying solvent, and concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (NDS), inorganic and polar organic solute.     

溶剂气浮分离技术研究现状与发展方向

溶剂气浮技术是一种较为简捷有效的水中微量、痕量组分分离与富集方法, 也可用于水中有机污染物的去除, 它在许多方面优于传统的萃取方法。本文比较全面地综述了溶剂气浮技术的装置、影响因素、机理及其应用, 并指出了溶剂气浮技术的发展方向。     

Solvent Sublation for Surface-Active Substances from Aqueous Solution,Comparison with Solvent-Extraction

The solvent sublation technique, a non-foaming technique, is originated by Sebba^[1] as an option for ion flotation, in which the surface active solute in water is adsorbed on the surface of ascending bubbles and then collected in an immiciable solvent As we know that there are a number of features that make the technique more advantageous than that of the solvent extraction:the possibility of easy handling of large volumes of aqueous sample; the equilibrium state established not in the bulk of system but only at the aqueous-organic interface and the recovery of trace elements eventually reaching 100%; no emulsion formation^[2-3]. Furthermore, the effluent water from a sublation column doesn't require further treatment to remove residual solvent. The handles are single and expenses are cheap, so the solvent sublation has the potential in the environmental treatment and the separation and preconcentration process^[4-6]. The aim of this paper is to investigate the experimental possibilities of the solvent sublation and its intercomparison with conventional liquid-liquid extraction, in order to get more information on widely applications in the near future.     

Application of solvent sublation for the determination of organophosphorous pesticides in vegetables by gas chromatography with a flame photometric detector.

An effective method for separating and enriching organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) from vegetables by solvent sublation and the OPPs determination by gas chromatography with flame photometric detector (GC-FPD) has been developed. The effects of organic solvent, nitrogen flow rate, pH of the solution, sublation time etc. on the sublation efficiency of OPPs were investigated in detail, and the optimal conditions of solvent sublation were selected. The floated product of vegetables in the optimal conditions was determined by GC-FPD. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 1.2 microg kg-1 (for dimethoate) to 3.5 microg kg-1 (for chlorpyrifos). The recoveries of spiked vegetable samples were from 81.3 to 98.9%, and RSD values were from 0.46 to 4.83%. The results show that this method is simple, sensitive and rapid.     

溶剂浮选分离富集麻黄草中有效成分

采用溶剂浮选法分离富集麻黄草中的有效成分。考察了浮选溶剂、氮气流速、试液pH、浮选时间及电解质NaCl等因素对浮选效率的影响,优选出最佳浮选条件;对最佳条件下的浮选结果进行了评价,并与溶剂萃取法进行了对照;对麻黄草有效成分的浮选过程进行了初步探讨,浮选过程符合一级动力学方程。     

Solvent sublation of cerium ions from dilute aqueous solutions

The possibilities of using the adsorptive bubble process of separation (solvent sublation) for the removal of trace amounts of cerium were studied. The optimal conditions and kinetic regularities of the process in solutions containing cerium ions and a surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) used as a collector were determined. The structure of the sublates extracted into the organic phase changes depending on the pH of the medium.