溴甲酚绿分光光度法测定麻黄碱含量的研究

建立了溴甲酚绿分光光度法测定麻黄碱的方法。该方法最大吸收波长为620nm,摩尔吸光系数为1.78×104L.mol-1.cm-1,盐酸麻黄碱含量在20~120μg/mL范围内遵守比耳定律。用该法测定麻黄饮片及麻杏止咳片中的麻黄碱,平均回收率分别为98.9%、101.2%(n=3),相对标准偏差(RSD)<2.31%。方法简单、快速,适用于生药及产品的质量控制。     

不同产地金线莲根茎和叶中多糖含量对比

考察了不同产地金线莲根茎和叶中多糖含量。应用超声辅助法和微波-超声协同萃取法提取金线莲根茎和叶中多糖,用苯酚-硫酸法测定其含量。微波-超声协同萃取法提取优于超声辅助法提取,金线莲根茎部的多糖含量高于叶中多糖含量,福建华安产金线莲多糖含量最高。金线莲中多糖含量为0.8509%～6.400%,具有开发药用的价值。     

高效液相色谱法测定麻黄浸膏粉中麻黄类生物碱

采用高效液相色谱法分离了麻黄浸膏粉中去甲基麻黄碱、去甲基伪麻黄碱、麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱和甲基麻黄碱等 5种主要麻黄类生物碱。所用分离柱为HIQSILC18,流动相为含少量 (体积分数为 0 .2 % )甲醇的 0 .0 2mol L磷酸二氢钠溶液 (用HCl和三乙胺调至pH 3.2 )。 5种麻黄类生物碱在 2 5min内得到了有效分离、峰型对称且尖锐。     

高效液相色谱法测定小儿化痰止咳颗粒中盐酸麻黄碱的含量

目的:测定小儿化痰止咳颗粒中盐酸麻黄碱的含量.方法:采用高效液相色谱法.色谱柱为Kromasil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);乙腈-0.02%磷酸二氢钠溶液(含0.1%三乙胺,磷酸调pH 2.7)(5∶95)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min;检测波长210 nm.结果:盐酸麻黄碱在0.2~4.0μg范围内具有良好线性关系,平均回收率为98.61%,RSD为0.97%.结论:该法可用于小儿化痰止咳颗粒中盐酸麻黄碱的含量测定.     

镇咳宁糖浆质量标准的研究

用RP -HPLC测定了镇咳宁糖浆中盐酸麻黄碱的含量 .色谱条件 :ShimadzuODS柱 (5 μm ,id 4 .6× 2 5 0mm) ,流动相为乙腈 /醋酸铵缓冲液 (pH 4 .5 ) (2 5 / 75 ,v/v) ,流速 1mL/min ,检测波长 2 5 7nm ,平均回收率 98.96 % ,RSD0 .35 % (n =9) ,最小检测限 0 .4 μg .     

HPLC法测定不同施肥模式栽培的金线莲中黄酮类成分

HPLC法测定不同施肥模式栽培的金线莲中3种黄酮类成分:槲皮素、山奈酚和异鼠李素.超声-微波协同提取法提取4种不同施肥模式下金线莲中的黄酮类成分.HPLC-电喷雾离子化法/质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS)对黄酮类化合物进行定性分析.HPLC分析得槲皮素在0.25~20.0μg/m L(r=0.999 2)、山奈酚在0.25~20.0μg/m L(r=0.999 5)、异鼠李素在1.0~80.0μg/m L(r=0.999 0)范围内峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系,不同栽培方法的金线莲药材中槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素的质量分数分别在151.8~240.0、47.2~88.2、16.8~29.8μg/g之间.方法简单、精确,快速,可为科学评价不同培养模式金线莲质量提供依据.栽培过程施加氮、磷、钾(NPK)复合肥及添加腐植素和微量元素,能提高金线莲中3种黄酮类成分的含量.栽培过程施加硫、磷(SP)复合肥,槲皮素、山奈酚和异鼠李素的质量分数分别下降了2.3%、17.2%和18.8%.结果表明采用不同施肥模式直接影响到药材中的药效物质的含量.     

高效液相色谱法测定麻黄及其制剂中的麻黄类生物碱和川芎嗪

 用RP HPLC分离测定了麻黄及其制剂中的麻黄类生物碱及川芎嗪。采用色谱柱Nova Pak C18(15 0mm×3.9mmi.d .) ,二极管阵列检测器 (DAD)。测定麻黄类生物碱时 ,以甲醇 0 .0 2mol/LKH2 PO4 乙酸 三乙胺 (体积比为 4∶96∶0 .2∶0 .0 1)为流动相 ,在 2 10nm波长下检测 ;测定川芎嗪时 ,以甲醇 水 乙酸 (体积比为 35∶6 5∶0 .5 )为流动相 ,在 2 90nm波长下检测。分别测定了麻黄原药材、中成药 (小儿清肺丸、鹭鸶咳丸 )中麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱、去甲基麻黄碱、去甲基伪麻黄碱和川芎嗪的含量。     

响应面法优化苦槛蓝总生物碱提取工艺研究

结合单因素试验和响应面法优化苦槛蓝总生物碱的最佳提取工艺条件,并对其抑菌活性进行研究。以苦参碱为对照品,采用酸性染料比色法,以总生物碱含量为指标,分别考察乙醇体积分数、提取温度、提取时间和料液比4个因素对醇提法提取苦槛蓝总生物碱的影响,在此基础上通过Box-Behnken设计-响应面法确定最佳提取工艺,并进行验证。并检测其大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性。苦槛蓝总生物碱的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数86.18%、提取温度75.42℃、提取时间2.622h、料液比0.080。验证实验下总生物碱提取率为(0.400 6±0.009 2)%,与模型结果接近。苦槛蓝提取物对大肠杆菌的抑菌直径达到33.17±0.53mm,金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌直径达到32.62±0.19mm。Box-Behnken设计响应面法能够有效地优化苦槛蓝总生物碱的提取工艺,并且苦槛蓝总生物碱提取物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑菌效果,这为苦槛蓝生物碱类化学成分的分离及其药理活性的深入研究提供了实验依据。     

聚焦微波辅助提取-酸性染料分光光度法测定农吉利中总生物碱

采用聚焦微波辅助提取(FMAE)结合溴麝香草酚蓝分光光度法测定农吉利中总生物碱。粒径为0.180 mm的样品,以甲醇为溶剂,料液比为1比25,在微波功率中火条件下提取50min。在pH 7.2的磷酸二氢钾-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液中,提取得到的生物碱与溴麝香草酚蓝酸性染料形成缔合物,用三氯甲烷萃取后,在最大吸收波长417nm处测量其吸光度。总生物碱的质量浓度在0.25~250mg·L-1范围内呈线性,方法的检出限(3S/N)为1.5mg·L-1。应用该方法测定农吉利药材中总生物碱,加标回收率为105%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于3.0%。     

乳液电导法对麻黄中麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱的分步检测

使用水－界面膜－油体系通过物质具有不同的酸离解常数及透膜常数以提高电导滴定方法的选择性,对麻黄草中的混合生物碱进行了分步测定,终点明确。盐酸麻黄碱回收率９９．８％±０．８％。麻黄草中麻黄碱含量０．４１％、伪麻黄碱０．１０％,其余生物碱０．０６％,生物碱总量０．５８％,与ＨＰＬＣ法结果总体一致。     

八极杆碰撞/反应池(ORS)-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定复杂矿物中的稀土元素

对未知复杂矿物样品采用扫描电子显微镜-能谱法解析样品,确定基本成分后选择合适的样品前处理方法。实验中采用过氧化钠熔融法熔解样品,用水浸出,硝酸酸化后制备待测样品溶液。以Rh为内标,用八极杆碰撞/反应池(ORS)-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定了复杂样品中的稀土元素。多次测定同一混合标准溶液结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)小于4%,加标回收率为90%~110%。方法适用于未知复杂矿物中稀土元素的测定。     

手性仲丁胺的制备拆分和光学纯度的测定

为了获取仲丁胺的两种光学纯对映异构体，采用D-或L-酒石酸作为拆分试剂， 经过多次结晶，分别得到S-(+)-仲丁胺·乙-(+)-酒石酸盐和R-(-)-仲丁胺·D-(-) -酒石酸盐晶体，从而成功实现了其分离．产物的光学纯度通过用光活性(R)-联萘 酚磷酰氯衍生成(R)-联萘酚磷酰胺后，经^31P NMR测定，o_p_＞99％，拆分剂D-或 L-酒石酸经过强酸型阳离于交换树脂(001×7×7型)方便回收，回收率＞80％．     

HPLC测定植物性农药——0.25%乌头总碱乳油中的乌头类生物碱

 选择十八烷基键合相柱 ,以甲醇 水 氯仿 三乙胺 (体积比为 6 8∶32∶2∶0 1)混合溶液为流动相 ,用高效液相法测定了一种植物性农药 0 2 5 %乌头总碱乳油中的乌头生物碱。实验结果表明中乌头碱、乌头碱及次乌头碱与其他杂质能够得到很好的分离。以安宫黄体酮作内标物 ,用峰面积比测定各生物碱含量 ,在其线性范围内分析结果准确 ,回收率高 (>92 % ) ,重现性好 (RSD <3 2 % ) 。     

Determination of iron and copper in seawater at pH 1.7 with a new commercially available chelating resin, NTA Superflow

The use of a commercially available chelating resin with NTA-type functional groups for concentration of trace metals from seawater is described. Trace metal recoveries from this NTA Superflow chelating resin are pH dependent. At a pH of ≤2 only iron(III) and copper are quantitatively recovered from the resin. Iron(II) cannot be quantitatively recovered from this resin below a pH of 5. However, oxidation of acidified seawater samples (pH 1.7) with H₂O₂ prior to loading onto the resin has been demonstrated to allow quantitative recovery of total dissolved iron. Deferrioxamine and Rhodoturlic Acid, two commercially available siderophores were used to investigate the effect of strong Fe(III)-binding organic ligands on the ability to retain iron at different pH values. Acidification of seawater samples to pH 1.7 dissociates the iron complexed to these organic ligands, thereby allowing total dissolved iron and copper to be determined. Acidified samples from Monterey Bay were analyzed by a flow injection method coupled to ICP-SFMS detection using the NTA Superflow resin in the pre-concentration step. Results from this study show that when seawater samples are stored acidified (pH 1.7) over time, a portion of iron(III) is reduced to iron(II), thus necessitating the use of H₂O₂ to reoxidize the Fe(II) to Fe(III) prior to analysis. Total dissolved concentrations of iron and copper can be directly obtained on seawater samples at pH 1.7 with this method, eliminating the need to buffer the sample to a higher pH prior to column loading. This resin has the potential to be used in shipboard or in situ flow injection methods.     

Application of non-ionic surfactant in the microwave-assisted extraction of alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis

The feasibility of employing non-ionic surfactant oligoethylene glycol monoalkyl ether (Genapol X-080) as an alternative and effective solvent for the microwave-assisted extraction of alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis was demonstrated. When compared with commonly used solvents, 5% Genapol X-080 enhanced the extraction efficiency. Under optimal conditions, i.e. 5% acidified Genapol X-080 (v/v), microwave-assisted extraction for 10 min at 100 °C, the extraction recovery of alkaloids reached 92.8% in a one-step extraction. The efficiency of cloud-point preconcentration of three alkaloids was in the range 93.6-94.7% with relative standard deviation lower than 3.3% by the proposed procedure. Furthermore, the combination of microwave-assisted extraction and cloud-point extraction was shown to be a green, rapid and effective approach for alkaloids preconcentration of Rhizoma Coptidis samples.     

一种用于中药纯化过程的近红外光谱分析新方法

针对中药大孔吸附树脂纯化过程缺乏在线检测分析手段等问题，提出基于光纤 近红外透射光谱的过程分析新方法．以黄连提取物为例，采用HPLC分析测定值作参 比，用偏最小二乘算法建立了近红外透射光谱校正模型，并成功地用于预测黄连生 物碱在大孔树脂纯化过程中的洗脱曲线．本方法实时、快速，可同时测定洗脱物中 盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马亭、盐酸药相碱和黄连总生物碱的浓度．预测精度满足工业 过程分析要求，为提高中药质量分析水平提供了新的途径．     

Determination of quinolizidine alkaloids in traditional Chinese herbal drugs by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis.

A rapid method for the determination of quinolizidine alkaloids by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis was developed. A total of 10 alkaloids (matrine, sophocarpine, oxymatrine, oxysophocarpine, sophoridine, cytisine, sophoramine, aloperine, lehmannine and dauricine) could be easily separated within 18 min. A running buffer composed of 50 mM ammonium acetate, 10% tetrahydrofuran and 0.5% acetic acid in methanol was found to be the most suitable for this separation. Five of these alkaloids were selected for further studies. The linear calibration ranges were 2.51-50.1 microg/ml for sophoridine and sophocarpine, 2.71-54.2 microg/ml for matrine, 3.30-65.9 microg/ml for oxymatrine, and 3.10-62.0 microg/ml for oxysophocarpine. The recovery of the five alkaloids was 98.0-101.3% with relative standard deviations from 1.03 to 2.68% (n=5). The limits of detection for all 10 alkaloids were over the range 0.93-2.31 microg/ml. The method was successfully applied to the phytochemical analysis of alkaloid extracts from three commonly used traditional Chinese herbal drugs: Sophora flavescens Ait. (Kushen), S. alopecuroides L. (Kudouzi or Kugancao) and S. tonkinensis Gapnep (Shandougen).     

Grass fiber reinforced phenol formaldehyde resin composite: preparation,characterization and evaluation of properties of composite

There is a growing interest in the development of new materials through utilization of natural resources. This paper describes evaluation of water leached and alkali treated chopped grass fiber reinforced phenol formaldehyde composite. Here alkali treatment of grass fiber was carried out by varying the concentration of sodium hydroxide. The thermal stability of the composite was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopic study of both water leached and alkali treated grass fiber‐phenolic resin composite was also performed. Water absorption and swelling behavior of grass fiber phenolic resin composites in water were studied and the alkali treated grass fiber‐resin composite showed less water absorption and swelling. A composite prepared from 1% alkali treated grass fiber and 55% resin, showed the highest tensile strength whereas a composite prepared from 5% alkali treated grass fiber and 55% resin, showed maximum flexural properties. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定锡矿岩芯样品中锡的含量

建立氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定锡矿岩芯样品中锡的分析方法。试样以过氧化钠熔解,用热水浸出,盐酸酸化。优化了仪器的最佳条件,考察了硼氢化钾浓度、酸度、共存元素等条件对测定的影响。方法相对标准偏差为2.52 %～7.28 %,加标回收率95.20 %～102.25 %。将实验方法应用于标准物质的测定,测定值与认定值基本一致。方法的准确度和精密度均能满足分析需要,具有较强的实用性。     

Preparative isolation of guaipyridine sesquiterpene alkaloid from Artemisia rupestris L. flowers using high-speed counter-current chromatography

Although the medicinal plant Artemisia rupestris L. has been widely researched for several decades, its alkaloids have never been isolated before. To our surprise, the alkaloids in the plant were not detected in the stems but detected in the flowers. Herein, a novel and strange guaipyridine sesquiterpene alkaloid with a carboxyl group named rupestine was purified successfully from the total alkaloids extracted from the flowers by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). The two-phase solvent system used was composed of ethyl acetate-methanol-water (8:1:7, v/v/v). Fifty six milligrams of rupestine was obtained at over 97% purity and 95% recovery from 200 mg of the total alkaloids in one-step separation. Its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods including high resolution ESI-MS, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation (HMBC), Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC), and Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement Spectroscopy (NOESY).