Archimedes 32,4,3,4结构光子晶体中与偏振无关的自准直分束器

通过等频图分析并结合时域有限差分法法模拟, 在Archimedes 3²,4,3,4结构排列的二维光子晶体中同一频率下同时实现了电磁波两种偏振态的自准直. 研究发现,在该结构光子晶体中引入缺陷,当线缺陷宽度改变时, TE和TM两种偏振态光束的分束效果将会随之变化.由此通过控制缺陷宽度,分别实现了两种偏振态光束的50% ∶50%分束以及90°大角度光折弯,分束和折弯的效率都较为理想,为未来设计基于光子晶体的新型光子学器件提供了一种新的思路.     

大口径衍射光栅10 ps激光损伤阈值测量（英）

在采用啁啾脉冲放大技术的高功率短脉冲激光装置中,终端衍射光栅的损伤阈值是限制装置输出能力的瓶颈之一。提出了测量大口径光栅损伤阈值的方法。该方法通过在线监测采集大口径光斑的同发近场光强分布情况和相应的光栅损伤图像,并经过一系列后期图像数据处理,建立起能量与损伤点的对应关系,经过一个测试光斑便可获得所有通量下的光栅损伤特性。该测量方法对光斑均匀性没有硬性要求,为损伤测量装置中难以解决的光斑均匀性问题提出了新的应对思路和方法。     

1 × 3 Beam splitter based on self-collimation effect in two-dimensional photonic crystals

The analysis and simulation result of a 1 × 3 beam splitter in a two-dimensional square-lattice photonic crystal is presented in this paper, where the light is self-collimated as dictated by the self-collimation effect. The frequency and the direction of propagation of the self-collimated beam are obtained by the equal-frequency contours (EFCs) plot which is calculated by plane wave expansion method. Then a line defect is introduced by simultaneously varying the radii and the dielectric constant of the rods along the proper direction, the self-collimated beam propagation in such structure is simulated by the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (2D FDTD) method with perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary conditions. The simulation results show that the self-collimated beam can be split into three beams. With the same principle, a 1 × 7 beam splitter is realized by introducing different line defects along (X direction. Such devices can greatly enhance photonic crystals for usage in high-density optical integrated circuits.     

New type of Y-branch power splitter and beam expander based on eliminating anomalous reflection effect

We propose a new type of Y-branch power splitter and beam expander with scales of microns in two- dimensional （2D） photonic crystals （PCs） by drilling air holes in a silicon slice. Its functionality and performance are numerically investigated and simulated by finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） method. Simulation results show that the splitter can split a TE polarized light beam into two parallel sub-beams and the distance between them is tunable by changing the parameters of the splitter, while the expander can expand a narrow beam into a wider one, which is realized in an integrated optical circuit. The proposed device is based on the avoiding of anomalous reflection effect and the coupling transmission of defect modes of the interfaces.     

A tunable power splitter based on modes coupling and self-collimation effect in two-dimensional photonic crystals

A tunable power splitter is proposed in a two-dimensional photonic crystal with a line defect composed of two rows rods, whose refractive index can be controlled artificially. This device is working at a self-collimation frequency. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations show that the beam splitting ratio is a function of the refractive index of line defect. If the index varies from 3.0 to 3.5, the beam intensity of one output port decreases from 87.2% (normalized by the input beam) to 0 while the intensity of the other output port increases from 8.98% to 100% monotonically. The coupling between the self-collimation mode and the defect mode is used to explain the working mechanism.     

高功率激光诱导光学元件损伤阈值测量的不确定度分析

 激光诱导损伤阈值作为一实验参量,对其结果作不确定度分析有利于激光工作者在某个精度范围内获知该参量的信息。从激光损伤和损伤阈值定义出发,分析了基于ISO11254的损伤几率测试法测试激光诱导损伤阈值的不确定度来源,包括激光能量测量、激光光斑有效面积测量、各能量密度处损伤几率的计算以及对损伤几率点进行直线拟合这4个方面。并利用统计学原理和线性拟合等理论对这4个方面引起的不确定度分量及最终测试结果的相对合成不确定度进行了计算。以1 064 nm高反薄膜样品为例,分析表明：损伤几率点的计算和几率图中损伤几率的直线拟合是损伤阈值测试结果不确定度的主要来源,当样品的损伤阈值为7.79 J/cm²时,这两种因素引起的相对不确定度可分别在4%和18%左右,损伤阈值的相对合成不确定度达18.72%。     

光子晶体定向耦合三波长功分器

以二维三角晶格光子晶体为研究对象,在该光子晶体中引入两行以一行耦合介质柱为间距的平行单模线缺陷波导.通过分析和研究光子晶体波导耦合结构的耦合和解耦合特性,发现在不同频率下耦合波导的耦合长度不同.利用平面波展开法和定向耦合原理计算了在不同入射光频率下,缺陷波导间耦合波导的耦合长度,设计了一种新型超微光子晶体波导耦合型三波长功分器,实现了归一化频率分别为0.369、0.394、0.435的光波的分束效果.采用时域有限差分法验证了该功分器具有很好的功率分配效果.本文结果有助于光子晶体新型滤波器、定向耦合器、波分复用器、偏振光分束器以及光开关等光子器件的研究.     

Shearing interferometer for quantifying the coherence of hard x-ray beams

We report a quantitative measurement of the full transverse coherence function of the 14.4 keV x-ray radiation produced by an undulator at the Swiss Light Source. An x-ray grating interferometer consisting of a beam splitter phase grating and an analyzer amplitude grating has been used to measure the degree of coherence as a function of the beam separation out to 30 microm. Importantly, the technique provides a model-free and spatially resolved measurement of the complex coherence function and is not restricted to high resolution detectors and small fields of view. The spatial characterization of the wave front has important applications in discovering localized defects in beam line optics.     

二维光子晶体分束器的分频效率分析

在完整的二维光子晶体中引入线缺陷,形成了光子晶体波导.设计了一种二维光子晶体三通道分束器,采用时域有限差分方法(FDTD),从理论上计算该器件3个通道电磁波的透射率.为了提高电磁波的透射率,通过在波导附近调节介质柱半径,引入两组点缺陷.结果表明,两组点缺陷的介质柱半径选择合适的值,在3个通道中可以得到最佳的电磁波透射率...     

Design of terahertz beam splitter based on surface plasmon resonance transition

According to the resonance transition between propagating surface plasmon and localized surface plasmon, we demonstrate a design of beam splitter that can split terahertz wave beams in a relatively broad frequency range. The transmission properties of the beam splitter are analyzed utilizing the finite element method. The resonance transition between two kinds of plasmons can be explained by a model of coherent electron cloud displacement.     

Security of quantum key distribution using two-mode squeezed states against optimal beam splitter attack

For the beam splitter attack strategy against quantum key distribution using two-mode squeezed states, the analytical expression of the optimal beam splitter parameter is provided in this paper by applying the Shannon information theory. The theoretical secret information rate after error correction and privacy amplification is given in terms of the squeezed parameter and channel parameters. The results show that the two-mode squeezed state quantum key distribution is secure against an optimal beam splitter attack.     

Multimode Hong-Ou-mandel interference

We consider multimode two-photon interference at a beam splitter by photons created by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The resulting interference pattern is shown to depend upon the transverse spatial symmetry of the pump beam. In an experiment, we employ the first-order Hermite-Gaussian modes in order to show that, by manipulating the pump beam, one can control the resulting two-photon interference behavior. We expect these results to play an important role in the engineering of quantum states of light for use in quantum information processing and quantum imaging.     

A spatial electrostatic beam splitter for polar molecules in weak-field-seeking states

A spatial electrostatic beam splitter composed of six charged poles for polar molecules in weak-field-seeking states is proposed. First, the schematic diagram is given. With the help of finite element software the spatial distribution of the electrical field is calculated. The dynamic process of the loading and splitting polar molecules is simulated using the classical Monte Carlo method. The influences of the longitudinal velocity of the incident molecular beam and the voltages on the loading efficiency are studied. Two output arms of the beam splitter can be cut off at a certain position to adjust the splitting ratio of the molecular beam. Then the influences of the voltages and cutting positions on the splitting ratio are investigated. The results indicate that the splitting ratio can be manipulated conveniently from 0% to 100%.     

单光分束器的量子变换算符研究

针对理想情况下单光分束器,得到了其对应的变换矩阵.用相干态表象和有序算符内积分技术,给出其对应的幺正变换算符.纠缠态的实验制备方案,说明单光分束器在量子信息源研究中具有十分重要的作用.     

A compact T-branch beam splitter based on anomalous reflection in two-dimensional photonic crystals

We project a compact T-branch beam splitter with a micron scale using a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PC). For TE polarization, one light beam can be split into two sub-beams along opposite directions. The propagating directions of the two splitting beams remain unchanged when the incident angle varies in a certain range. Coupled-mode theory is used to analyze the truncating interface structure in order to investigate the energy loss of the splitter. Simulation results and theoretical analysis show that choosing an appropriate location of the truncating interface (PC-air interface) is very important for obtaining high efficiency due to the effect of defect modes. The most advantage of this kind of beam splitter is being fabricated and integrated easily.     

Performance analysis of field-of-view shifted Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor based on splitter

We report on a field-of-view shifted Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor based on a splitter designed to measure the wavefront information of object light with strong background. The analysis results indicate that increasing the ratio of the signal beam intensity to the incoming beam intensity and reducing the sampling frequency of CCD₂ (detecting the pure background light) can properly enhance the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of the object light. A special noise removing algorithm was presented to enhance the centroid measuring accuracy, and it was proved to be effective against the residual noises caused by the differences between the two beam paths. The experimental results indicate that the field-of-view shifted Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor based on a splitter can exactly measure the wavefront information from the object with strong background. PACS 42.68.Bz; 47.50.Ef; 42.30.Wb     

The effect of laser beam size on laser-induced damage performance

The influence of laser beam size on laser-induced damage performance, especially damage probability and the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT), is investigated. It is found that damage probability is dependent on beam size when various damage precursors with different potential behaviors are involved. This causes the damage probability and the LIDT to be different between cases under a large-aperture beam and a small-aperture beam. Moreover, the fluence fluctuation of the large-aperture laser beam brings out hot spots, which move randomly across the beam from shot to shot. Thus this leads the most probable maximum fluence after many shots at any location on the optical component to be several times the average beam fluence. These two effects result in the difference in the damage performance of the optical component between the cases under a large-aperture and small-aperture laser.     

Parallel-quadrature phase-shifting digital holographic microscopy using polarization beam splitter

We present a digital holography microscopy technique based on a parallel-quadrature phase-shifting method. Two π/2 phase-shifted holograms are recorded simultaneously using polarization phase-shifting principle, slightly off-axis recording geometry, and two identical CCD sensors. The parallel phase-shifting is realized by combining circularly polarized object beam with a 45° degree polarized reference beam through a polarizing beam splitter. DC term is eliminated by subtracting the two holograms from each other and the object information is reconstructed after selecting the frequency spectrum of the real image. Both amplitude and phase object reconstruction results are presented. Simultaneous recording eliminates phase errors caused by mechanical vibrations and air turbulences. The slightly off-axis recording geometry with phase-shifting allows a much larger dimension of the spatial filter for reconstruction of the object information. This leads to better reconstruction capability than traditional off-axis holography.     

Generation of arbitrary vector beams based on a single spatial light modulator and a thin-film polarization splitting cubic

A setup for the generation of arbitrary vector beams is proposed. The setup mainly consists of a spatial light modulator(SLM), an angle-adjustable polarization beam splitter modulator, and a spatial filtering imaging system. Compared with the system using a birefringent beam splitter with a non-adjustable splitting angle,the polarization splitting angle of the improved setup can be adjusted by slightly rotating the related mirrors,which will bring more convenience when different wavelengths and different pixel sizes of SLMs are involved.The experimental results also demonstrate that the setup possesses a good polarization-selective imaging ability, which reveals that the setup may also be useful in polarization-selective spatial filtering imaging and polarization-encoded encryption.     

一种新型的立体投影图景

阐述了视差全景图的制作原理,本技术的关键为记录立体图像光学信息的方法和投影方式都是多角度的,屏幕采用栅板视差全景或蝇复眼屏。景深较深的图景可分为几个层次反复制作。