Higher diffraction order photorefractive optical beam splitter

A higher diffraction order photorefractive (PR) optical beam splitter has been realized based on a PR higher diffraction order grating. In the experiments, the beam splitter was produced by two-wave coupling at a small incident angle in Fe:LiNbO₃ using the output from a He–Ne laser at 632.8 nm. An incident signal beam containing three different wavelengths (632.8, 532.0 and 488.0 nm) was split into multi-output beams by the beam splitter. The size of higher diffraction order is given and the influence of crystal thickness is discussed. Results show that the higher diffraction order PR optical beam splitter provides a practical method to split a multi-wavelength signal beam.     

A compact T-branch beam splitter based on anomalous reflection in two-dimensional photonic crystals

We project a compact T-branch beam splitter with a micron scale using a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PC). For TE polarization, one light beam can be split into two sub-beams along opposite directions. The propagating directions of the two splitting beams remain unchanged when the incident angle varies in a certain range. Coupled-mode theory is used to analyze the truncating interface structure in order to investigate the energy loss of the splitter. Simulation results and theoretical analysis show that choosing an appropriate location of the truncating interface (PC-air interface) is very important for obtaining high efficiency due to the effect of defect modes. The most advantage of this kind of beam splitter is being fabricated and integrated easily.     

基于非球面透镜的光分束器设计

 针对目前532 nm波长光的分束技术在光电测控系统（如激光干涉测速）等领域的广泛应用,提出一种光分束器的设计方法,此分束器可将光纤入射的532 nm绿光分成接近等比的多束光（包括一分二、一分三、一分四）。此系统首先用非球面透镜将光纤入射的光束准直,再通过分光片分光后用同样的透镜将光束耦合进光纤,达到了77%的通光效率,附加损耗约1 dB。详细介绍了非球面透镜的设计、分束器的结构、装配及其实验结果,并对实验结果以及研制过程中影响分束器效率的各种因素进行分析。     

Modal analysis of deep-etched low-contrast two-port beam splitter grating

Modal analysis of a deep-etched low-contrast two-port beam splitter grating under Littrow mounting is presented. The guideline for the design of a subwavelength transmission fused-silica phase grating as high-efficiency grating, polarizing beam splitter (PBS), and two-port beam splitter, is summarized. As an example, a polarization-independent two-port beam splitter grating is designed at wavelength of 1064 nm. We firstly analyzed the physical essence of the grating by the simplified modal method. The guideline for the grating design and the approximate grating parameters are obtained. Then using the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) with parameters varying around the approximate ones, optimum grating parameters can be determined. With the design guideline, the time for the rigorous calculation of the grating profile parameters can be reduced significantly.     

A reflective surface-relief two-layer grating for splitting beams with the polarization-selective property

A polarization-selective beam splitter is presented based on a reflective surface-relief two-layer grating with a metal slab. The grating is composed of two dielectric layers and a metal slab on the substrate. For TE polarization, efficiencies of 97.58% can be diffracted into the reflective −1st order. For TM polarization, two-port output of 47.55% and 47.11% can be split into the 0th order and the −1st order, respectively. Such a polarization-selective beam splitter can be fulfilled by one grating in reflection. The grating depths of two layers are optimized by using rigorous coupled-wave analysis with the given duty cycle of 0.6 and period of 1100 nm. The performance for different incident conditions is investigated when the incident wavelength and angle deviate from the central wavelength and the Bragg angle, respectively. For TM polarization, good uniformity can still be achieved within the given incident wavelength and angle regions. For TE polarization, the reflective polarization-selective beam splitter can have merits of wideband for different incident wavelengths.     

1 × 3 Beam splitter based on self-collimation effect in two-dimensional photonic crystals

The analysis and simulation result of a 1 × 3 beam splitter in a two-dimensional square-lattice photonic crystal is presented in this paper, where the light is self-collimated as dictated by the self-collimation effect. The frequency and the direction of propagation of the self-collimated beam are obtained by the equal-frequency contours (EFCs) plot which is calculated by plane wave expansion method. Then a line defect is introduced by simultaneously varying the radii and the dielectric constant of the rods along the proper direction, the self-collimated beam propagation in such structure is simulated by the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (2D FDTD) method with perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary conditions. The simulation results show that the self-collimated beam can be split into three beams. With the same principle, a 1 × 7 beam splitter is realized by introducing different line defects along (X direction. Such devices can greatly enhance photonic crystals for usage in high-density optical integrated circuits.     

Beam splitter for spin waves in quantum spin network

We theoretically design and analytically study a controllable beam splitter for the spin wave propagating in a star-shaped (e.g., a Y-shaped beam) spin network. Such a solid state beam splitter can display quantum interference and quantum entanglement by the well-aimed controls of interaction on nodes. It will enable an elementary interferometric device for scalable quantum information processing based on the solid system.     

Quantitative analysis of surface plasmon interaction with silver nanoparticles

The present insight into plasmon effects on the nanoscale seems sufficiently advanced to allow the development of surface-plasmon-polariton- (SPP-) based optical devices. Therefore quantitative information describing SPP phenomena is required. We investigate a SPP beam splitter constituted by silver nanoparticles on a silver thin film, fabricated by electron-beam lithography. We acquire quantitative information on the beam splitter performance by monitoring SPP leakage radiation, yielding SPP reflection, transmission, and scattering efficiencies.     

Quantum disentanglement and phase measurements

A 5050 beam splitter disentangles a two-mode squeezed vacuum state into two single-mode squeezed vacuum states. With the proper choice of parameters these two single-mode states will be identical. If one is passed through a device which shifts its phase, then the phases of the shifted and reference (unshifted) modes can be determined by the Vogel-Schleich technique [Phys. Rev. A44 (1991) 7642]. In this way the phase difference, i.e. the phase shift, can be measured to an accuracy of 1/N, whereN is the total number of photons coming into the beam splitter. We also propose an improved scheme involving the disentanglement of a shifted two-mode squeezed vacuum state. This leads to two shifted squeezed vacaum states at the output of the beam splitter. If one of these is passed through the phase shifter, then by performing homodyne measurements on the shifted and unshifted modes the phase shift can again be determined to an accuracy of 1/N.This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under grants INT-9221716 and PHY-9201912.     

二维光子晶体分束器的分频效率分析

在完整的二维光子晶体中引入线缺陷,形成了光子晶体波导.设计了一种二维光子晶体三通道分束器,采用时域有限差分方法(FDTD),从理论上计算该器件3个通道电磁波的透射率.为了提高电磁波的透射率,通过在波导附近调节介质柱半径,引入两组点缺陷.结果表明,两组点缺陷的介质柱半径选择合适的值,在3个通道中可以得到最佳的电磁波透射率...     

Design of a new kind of polarization splitter based on transformation optics

A scheme for a new two-dimensional polarization splitter is proposed based on the transformation optics. When a beam of arbitrary polarization illuminates upon the proposed polarization splitter, the TE (or TM) component is deflected whereas the TM (or TE) component propagates with no deflection. Moreover, the emerging propagation direction of the deflected component can be adjusted by rotating the polarization splitter. The simulation results demonstrated the feasibility and the flexibility of the polarization splitter. Design details and full-wave simulation results are provided.     

分束量可调的等光程平行分束技术

基于厚波片平行分束特性,提出了一种分束量可调的等光程平行分束技术,给出透射式和反射式两种平行分束光路.透射式平行分束光路由厚波片和1/2波片组成,反射式平行分束光路由分束镜、厚波片、1/4波片和反射镜组成.通过旋转厚波片可实现分束量的调节.实验结果和理论值相吻合,验证了该技术的有效性.     

分束量可调的等光程平行分束技术

基于厚波片平行分束特性,提出了一种分束量可调的等光程平行分束技术,给出透射式和反射式两种平行分束光路.透射式平行分束光路由厚波片和1/2波片组成,反射式平行分束光路由分束镜、厚波片、1/4波片和反射镜组成.通过旋转厚波片可实现分束量的调节.实验结果和理论值相吻合,验证了该技术的有效性.     

基于N-Λ型原子系统的1→N型分束器

分析N-Λ型原子系统的原子极化率,结果表明即使在全共振条件下,EIT效应并不一定产生,介质对信号场的色散和吸收关系与所有场的复拉比频率有关。信号场传播方程的解析分析表明,此系统可以把一束光分成不同频率的N束光,并且其强度和相位是可控的。暗态极化子分析表明它还可以用作1→N量子分束器,产生多体纠缠态。     

一种新颖的表面光波导型原子(或分子)分束器

提出了一种采用二元π位相板与柱面透镜组合而构成表面光波导型原子（或分子）分束器及其Mach-Zehnder干涉仪与X-分束器列阵的新方案，介绍了本方案的物理思想与基本原理，导出了光强分布、强度梯度、分束距离和分束路径的宽度与光学系统参数间的解析关系，并分析和讨论了本方案的潜在应用及其可行性. 研究表明，本方案设计新颖、光路简单，便于与其他元件组合构成具有表面微结构的集成原子（或分子）光学元器件及其全光型原子（或分子）芯片. 关键词： 原子（或分子）光波导 原子（或分子）分束器 原子（或分子）芯片 二元π位相板     

Photonic crystal beam splitters

In this work, the beam splitter with two input ports and two output ports in two-dimensional photonic crystals is studied through the finite-difference time-domain method. The beam splitter consists of two orthogonally cross line defects. The diameter of the two diagonal air holes at the intersection of the two line defects was modified. The input light can be identically divided into the two output ports. The beam splitters can be applied in the photonic crystal Mach-Zehnder interferometers or photonic crystal optical switches.     

Preparing Multi-photon Entangled State with Beam Splitter

We propose a scheme for preparing multi-photon entangled state which is useful for sub-shot-noise sensitivity with beam splitter, where the entangled degree is measured by the reciprocal of the mean quantum Fisher information per particle (RMQFIP). The multi-photon entangled state can be prepared by adjusting the transmissivity of the beam splitter and the better multi-photon entangled state can be prepared by increasing the total number of photons.     

Tunable multi-function broadband splitter with optical bistability based on surface plasmon

A tunable multi-function broadband splitter consisted of a silver film, Kerr medium and a silver grating sandwiched between linear dielectrics waveguides is proposed and numerically investigated. This splitter can realize the functions of the beam splitter, the polarization splitter and wavelength beam splitter. This surface plasmon based device provides a unique approach for polarization sensitive manipulation of light in an integrated circuit and will be essential for future classical and quantum information processes.     

Ultracompact high-efficiency polarizing beam splitter with a hybrid photonic crystal and conventional waveguide structure

We propose an ultracompact high-efficiency polarizing beam splitter that operates over a wide wavelength range and is based on a hybrid photonic crystal and a conventional waveguide structure. Within a small area (15 microm x 10 microm), this polarizing beam splitter separates TM- and TE-polarized modes into orthogonal output waveguides. Results of simulations with the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method show that 99.3% of TM-polarized light is deflected by the photonic crystal structure (with a 28.0-dB extinction ratio), whereas 99.0% of TE-polarized light propagates through the structure (with a 32.2-dB extinction ratio). Wave vector diagrams are employed to explain the operation of a polarizing beam splitter. Tolerance analysis reveals a large tolerance to fabrication errors.     

一种可实现电子散斑干涉的新型大错位方棱镜

设计了一种可实现电子散斑干涉的大错位方棱镜.将普通方棱镜的一个面磨去一个楔角后变为斜面,该斜面和相邻的一个面镀反射膜,其他二个面镀增透膜.垂直入射的光线经过分光后变成二束光,分别经过平面反射和斜面反射,出射的二束光线就分开了.将该大错位方棱镜置于CCD镜头前,一个物体可以成二个错位的像;相邻的二个物体可叠加成像.错位量由楔角决定,错位量足够大,可实现大错位电子散斑干涉.根据试件大小和成像距离,楔角的大小可选择在1°到10°之间.对中心加载周边固定圆盘进行了电子散斑载频干涉实验,证明了大错位方棱镜能够高质量地实现电子散斑干涉,实现位移场测量.