玉米醇溶蛋白高分子材料的制备与应用进展

作为一种天然高分子,玉米醇溶蛋白(Zein)具有疏水性、可降解性、抗菌性等特点。本文在介绍Zein结构、组成及性质的基础上,首先介绍了Zein的提取与脱色方法;然后,总结了通过小分子与高分子改性制备Zein基高分子材料的方法;最后,综述了基于Zein的高分子材料在食品、生物医药、纤维、粘合剂以及其他行业的应用研究进展。作为一类生物相容与生物可降解的天然高分子材料,Zein基材料在药物载体、食品包装、粘合剂等领域将具有更广泛的发展前景。     

基于玉米醇溶蛋白高分子材料的制备与应用进展

作为一种天然高分子,玉米醇溶蛋白(Zein)具有疏水性、可降解性、抗菌性等特点。本文在介绍Zein结构、组成及性质的基础上,首先介绍了Zein的提取与脱色方法;然后,总结了通过小分子与高分子改性制备Zein基高分子材料的方法;最后,综述了基于Zein的高分子材料在食品、生物医药、纤维、粘合剂以及其他行业的应用研究进展。作为一类生物相容与生物可降解的天然高分子材料,Zein基材料在药物载体、食品包装、粘合剂等领域将具有更广泛的发展前景。     

FDCA基聚酯的合成、性能及应用研究进展

生物质资源是一种储量丰富的可再生资源。生物质资源的高效利用不仅具有非常巨大的经济和生态价值,而且对新能源与生物基合成材料的可持续发展战略具有重大意义。由植物纤维素等生物质材料经生物或者简单化学过程处理,可获得丰富的生物基单体2,5-呋喃二甲酸(FDCA)。FDCA可用于生物基聚酯材料的合成。FDCA系列聚酯材料性能优异,可作为由石油基单体对苯二甲酸(PTA)而合成的芳香族聚酯材料(例如PET)的一种潜在的高性能生物可降解替代材料。本文简要说明了生物基单体FDCA的物性及制备方法,并重点阐述了包括聚呋喃二甲酸乙二酯(PEF)与聚呋喃二甲酸丁二酯(PBF)等一系列FDCA基聚酯材料的合成及性质,同时对FDCA基聚酯材料的应用进展进行了简要介绍,最后对FDCA基聚酯生物基合成材料的发展前景作了初步展望。     

离子交换与吸附技术应用于生物分离与纯化的最新进展

近年来,离子交换与吸附技术在生物医药领域有着广泛应用,在生物分离与纯化方面的研究不断丰富。通过离子交换与吸附技术可以实现多种活性物质的分离纯化以及目标产物的分离。本文以近几年生物分离与纯化的研究成果为例,首先介绍了离子交换与吸附技术在活性物质提取、病毒分离等方面的应用,之后着重介绍了该技术在血液净化方向的研究进展。未来,离子交换与吸附技术在生物医药领域的成果也将不断推动我国医学、化工、食品等产业的发展。     

呋喃基聚酯的结构与性能关系研究进展

呋喃基聚酯是指以2,5-呋喃二甲酸(FDCA)为主要单体合成的生物基或部分生物基高分子,其主链含有刚性的呋喃环,因而在结构、性能上与大规模使用的传统石油基芳香族聚酯(如PET、PBT)相似,有望在瓶、片、薄膜、化纤等领域部分替代后者。本文综述了呋喃基聚酯的分子结构、聚集态结构以及力学、气体阻隔、降解等性能方面的最新研究进展,讨论了结构与性能之间的关系。重点关注呋喃基聚酯突出的阻隔性能及其对应的影响因素,主要从分子结构(呋喃环的非对称性和极性)和聚集态结构(结晶等)两方面加以阐明。简介了呋喃基聚酯的发展现状及其在包装、纺织等领域的潜在应用,并展望其主要研究趋势。     

生物可降解超支化聚合物的研究进展

近年来,随着聚合物材料和生物医药交叉领域的发展,生物可降解聚合物得到了广泛关注.其中,生物可降解超支化聚合物具有独特的三维拓扑结构、大的内部空腔、众多的活性末端基团以及良好生物相容性和可降解性等特点,在生物医学领域包括药物/造影剂输送、基因转染、蛋白质纯化/检测/输送、抗菌、组织工程等领域都展现出很大的应用前景.本文主要从水解、酶解和刺激降解的降解机理出发,详细综述了近年来生物可降解超支化聚合物的研究进展,并简单介绍了它们在疾病治疗中的应用.     

酶催化合成羟乙基淀粉/ε-己内酯接枝共聚物

淀粉可降解,是一种环境友好型材料,在造纸工业、日用化工、纺织工业、石油工业、食品等[1～2]方面应用广泛.羟乙基淀粉(HES)是用含支链淀粉比较丰富的玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉与环氧乙烷在碱性条件下得到的一种产物.Ahmed Besheer等[3]报道对HES进行疏水改性,即在淀粉中引入疏水基团,打破了传统淀粉亲水的单一性质,有望可以作为可降解的生物相容性材料应用于生物医药领域、缓释领域[4～5].     

生物基聚酯PTT与PDT的发展概况北大核心CSCD

综述了包括生物基原材料1,3-丙二醇以及生物基乙二醇的生产工艺研究进展,介绍了PTT和PDT两种生物基聚酯在国内外的最新发展,包括两种生物基材料的合成路线、工艺条件等。详细介绍了两种材料现有的纺丝技术的改进,并对PTT(对苯二甲酸1,3-丙二醇酯)、PDT(对苯二甲酸多元醇酯)、PET(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)三种产品不同性能做出了比较,展望了生物基聚酯未来的工程化产业化的良好前景。     

生物基高分子阻燃涂层的研究进展

生物基高分子由于具有绿色、环保、可再生和生物降解的特性,已经逐渐被应用到包装、汽车、电子电器等领域.部分生物基高分子(如壳聚糖、淀粉等)由于具有良好的成炭性而逐渐被应用于阻燃领域.这些生物基高分子主要通过添加和涂覆的方式被引入到材料中赋予材料良好的阻燃性能.本文综述了含有壳聚糖、淀粉、DNA以及植酸等生物基高分子材料阻燃涂层的研究进展,包括每种涂层的成分、涂覆方式、阻燃效果等,并简要介绍了几种生物基功能阻燃涂层.最后,对生物基阻燃涂层的发展趋势进行了展望.     

官能团化聚己内酯的制备及其生物应用

聚己内酯(PCL)是一种疏水的、半结晶的、可降解的脂肪族聚合物,其具有良好的生物相容性、药物透过性和机械性能,在药物缓释和组织工程领域得到了广泛的关注。由于其结晶性强,亲水性差,生物降解速度慢,限制了其在生物医用领域更广泛的应用。聚己内酯的官能团化可实现对聚酯材料亲疏水性、降解速率等物化性质的调节,同时,活性官能团的引入便于对PCL的进一步化学修饰,有利于拓宽聚己内酯类材料的生物医用领域。本文详细介绍在聚己内酯骨架引入侧基官能团的化学方法,并简要阐述了官能团化聚己内酯在生物医用材料领域的应用。     

Organocatalytic Upgrading of Biomass Derived Building Blocks

The depletion of finite primary fossil fuels we are facing makes necessary a deep metamorphosis in fundamental parts of the chemical industry. A progressive transition from petro-based starting materials toward renewable biomass-derived sources will have to take place in the synthesis of added-value chemicals, important for our everyday life, such as pharmaceuticals, polymers, agrochemicals etc. Moreover, greener processes, carried out under friendlier reaction conditions, must be designed to address current concerns about the climate change and the resulting pressing need to reduce the environmental footprint of chemical processes. To this end, organocatalysis could offer a valuable opportunity for upgrading biomass-derived platform molecules in line with the principles of Green Chemistry. This review presents some of recent and remarkable advancements in this emerging area. Organocatalysis has proven to be an efficient tool to transform low value bio-based renewable platform building blocks into new high value bio-based chemicals, with potential applications as synthetic intermediates, innovative materials and pharmaceutically active compounds.     

Derivation and synthesis of renewable surfactants

This critical review focuses on the origins and preparation of bio-based surfactants, defined here as non-soap, amphiphilic molecules in which the carbon atoms are derived from annually renewable feedstocks. Environmental concerns and market pressures have led to greater relevance of these chemicals in commercial applications in recent years and extensive research has gone into exploring new classes of surfactants. Highlighted here are examples of bio-based surfactants that are produced on an industrial scale and/or are based on abundant starting materials. The trend of increasing use of renewable resources as starting materials for surfactants is introduced, followed by extensive discussion of the major classes of bio-derived hydrophobes and hydrophiles. Also discussed is the status of research and development with regard to biosynthetically produced surfactants. Finally, concluding remarks address the potential for new surfactant molecular structures as a result of ongoing development in the chemistry of biorefineries, i.e., that the transformation of lignocellulose into fuels is likely to support the manufacturing of new bio-based coproducts (238 references).     

有关“环境友好塑料”几个概念的澄清

生物塑料、生物降解塑料、生物基塑料统称为环境友好塑料,但它们三者的侧重点各有不同,既有区别,也有联系,本文对以上三个概念的意义做了详细的解释和澄清。生物塑料注重于生产原料的生物来源性和制造过程的生物技术性;生物降解塑料则注重于它是否可以被生物降解,其原料可以来自于可再生资源,也可来自于石油资源;生物基塑料则关注其生产原料是否来自于可再生资源,而对其是否可以生物降解没有特别要求。     

生物基环氧树脂及固化剂研究现状

生物基高分子材料以可再生资源为主要原料,它在减少塑料行业对石油资源消耗的同时,也减少了石油化工原料在生产过程中对环境的污染,具有节约石油资源和保护环境的双重功效。桐油和松香是我国两种重要的天然可再生资源,在目前将化工原料逐步转向可再生资源的时代背景下,它们已被广泛应用于高分子材料的合成和改性。生物基热固性树脂是一个意义重大且前景广阔的研究领域,本文就桐油和松香在生物基环氧树脂和固化剂方面的应用进行了系统的综述和展望。     

脂肪酸光脱羧酶及其在有机合成中应用的研究进展

生物基脂肪酸是极具应用潜力的可再生资源。以绿色、低碳的方式对生物基脂肪酸进行转化合成高价值的化学品和燃料可满足现代社会可持续发展的迫切需要,也符合绿色生物制造的需求。生物催化因反应条件温和、选择性高等特点受到众多学者的广泛关注,其中,近年来新发现的由可见光驱动的脂肪酸光脱羧酶（fatty acid photodecarboxyase, CvFAP）可催化不同链长的脂肪酸进行脱羧反应用来合成燃料和化学品,反应过程具有极高原子经济性,在绿色催化工艺及能源领域具有广阔的应用前景。本综述旨在对脂肪酸光脱羧酶（CvFAP）的最新研究进展进行总结分析,并对脂肪酸光脱羧酶的发展趋势进行展望,以期为脂肪酸光脱羧酶（CvFAP）在绿色合成领域的进一步开发利用提供参考。     

Green synthesis of carbon solid acid catalysts using methane sulfonic acid and its application in the conversion of cellulose to platform chemicals

Cellulose - Levulinic acid (LA) is an important platform chemical and used for the production of various biofuels and bio-based chemicals. Formic acid (FA) is a major product of biomass conversion...     

Biodegradability of conventional and bio-based plastics and natural fiber composites during composting,anaerobic digestion and long-term soil incubation

Plastics are a major constituent of municipal solid waste that pose a growing disposal and environmental pollution problem due to their recalcitrant nature. To reduce their environmental impacts and allow them to be transformed during organic waste recycling processes, various materials have recently been introduced to improve the biodegradability of plastics. These include conventional plastics amended with additives that are meant to enhance their biodegradability, bio-based plastics and natural fiber composites. In this study, the rate and extent of mineralization of a wide range of commercially available plastic alternative materials were determined during composting, anaerobic digestion and soil incubation. The biodegradability was assessed by measuring the amount of carbon mineralized from these materials during incubation under conditions that simulate these three environments and by examination of the materials by scanning electron micrography (SEM). The results showed that during a 660 day soil incubation, substantial mineralization was observed for polyhydroxyalkanoate plastics, starch-based plastics and for materials made from compost. However, only a polyhydroxyalkanoate-based plastic biodegraded at a rate similar to the positive control (cellulose). No significant degradation was observed for polyethylene or polypropylene plastics or the same plastics amended with commercial additives meant to confer biodegradability. During anaerobic digestion for 50 days, 20–25% of the bio-based materials but less than 2% of the additive containing plastics were converted to biogas (CH₄ + CO₂). After 115 days of composting, 0.6% of an additive amended polypropylene, 50% of a plastarch material and 12% of a soy wax permeated paper pulp was converted to carbon dioxide. SEM analysis showed substantial disintegration of polyhydroxyalkanoate-based plastic, some surface changes for other bio-based plastics and coconut coir materials but no evidence of degradation of polypropylene or polypropylene containing additives. Although certain bio-based plastics and natural fibers biodegraded to an appreciable extent in the three environments, only a polyhydroxyalkanoate-based resin biodegraded to significant extents during the time scale of composting and anaerobic digestion processes used for solid waste management.     

Today’s and tomorrow’s bio-based bulk chemicals from white biotechnology

Little information is yet available on the economic viability of the production of bio-based bulk chemicals and intermediates from white biotechnology (WB). This paper details a methodology to systematically evaluate the techno-economic prospects of present and future production routes of bio-based bulk chemicals produced with WB. Current and future technology routes are evaluated for 15 products assuming prices of fermentable sugar between 70 euro/t and 400 euro/t and crude oil prices of US $25/barrel and US $50/barrel. The results are compared to current technology routes of petrochemical equivalents. For current state-of-the-art WB processes and a crude oil price of US $25/barrel, WB-based ethanol, 1,3-propanediol, polytrimethylene terephthalate and succinic acid are economically viable. Only three WB products are economically not viable for future technology: acetic acid, ethylene and PLA. Future-technology ethylene and PLA become economically viable for a higher crude oil price (US $50/barrel). Production costs plus profits of WB products decrease by 20-50% when changing from current to future technology for a crude oil price of US $25 per barrel and across all sugar prices. Technological progress in WB can thus contribute significantly to improved economic viability of WB products. A large-scale introduction of WB-based production of economically viable bulk chemicals would therefore be desirable if the environmental impacts are smaller than those of current petrochemical production routes.     

Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and Furfural from Lignocellulosic Biomass in Water-Tetrahydrofuran Media with Sodium Bisulfate

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural (FF), two bio-based platform chemicals, were produced from various raw lignocellulosic materials (corncob, corn stover, wheat straw, rice straw and sugarcane bagasse) in a water-tetrahydrofuran media by using NaHSO₄ as catalyst. The in fluences of reaction temperature (160-200 oC), reaction time (30-120 min), solvent volume ratio, feedstock concentration (2.4wt%-11.1wt%) and catalyst dosage were studied. The highest HMF and FF yields obtained from corncob were 47mol% and 56mol% under condition of 190 oC, 90 min, 10/1 of THF/H₂O. Besides, the lignin in the raw biomass wasalso depolymerized into organosolv lignin.     

Recent development on bio-based thermosetting resins

Due to the rapid depletion of crude oil and serious environmental pollution, the synthesis of polymers from renewable resource is becoming more and more important. Up to now, a great variety of biomass and bio-based platform compounds have been taken to prepare the polymers. However, as two representative thermosetting resins, epoxy and benzoxazine resin derived from renewable feedstocks only obtain limited attention compared with the popular bio-based plastics, including PLA, PBAT and PHBV etc. The reason might be that the properties of previously reported thermosetting resins directly obtained from biomass are usually unsatisfied, and their application fields are limited. In this paper, the latest development on the synthesis of high-performance bio-based epoxy and polybenzoxazine resins are reviewed. In addition, to further broaden their applications, the functionalization strategies are also summarized. The objective of this work is to help us fully aware the present situation of bio-based thermosetting resins and then promote their faster development, especially practical application.