松香在高分子合成中的应用

松香主要从松树的分泌物中提炼而来,是自然界极其丰富的一种天然树脂,也是一种可再生资源.松香因其氢菲环结构刚性强而具有显著的结构特点,其刚性可与苯环媲美.在当前石油等不可再生资源日渐枯竭以及人们对环境保护日益重视的形势下,合成生物基高分子材料已成为近年来高分子研究领域的热点.因此,松香用于高分子合成的研究正日益引起重视....     

生物基弹性体研究进展

出于对节约石油资源、保护环境、发展循环经济等考虑,用可再生的生物资源代替石油化学品生产高分子材料已成为人们研究的热点。弹性体是一类应用领域非常广泛的材料,但是绝大多数的弹性体都是以石油基化学品为原料合成的,因此研究生物基弹性体对节约石油资源及保护环境具有重要意义。本文对目前研究较多的三类生物基弹性体—生物基聚氨酯弹性体、生物基聚酰胺弹性体、生物基聚酯弹性体作了简要的综述。主要介绍了合成生物基弹性体的原料、合成路线以及相关的生物基弹性体的性能比较。     

CO2/生物基环氢化合物共聚制备绿色聚碳酸酯材料

以CO_2为原料合成脂肪族聚碳酸酯材料不仅利用了廉价、可再生的CO_2资源,而且可以实现全生物降解高分子材料的制备,是一条绿色可持续的高分子材料合成路线。但长期以来,该领域研究多集中在利用CO_2与一些石油来源的环氧烷烃(如环氧丙烷、环氧环己烷等)共聚方面,未能完全摆脱对石油资源的依赖。因此,发展基于生物基的环氧单体制备全生物基高分子材料逐渐成为CO_2基高分子材料研究的热点。生物基来源化合物的引入有助于丰富CO_2基高分子材料的结构和性能,拓展其应用领域。本文综述了近年来利用生物基环氧化合物与CO_2共聚合成全生物基高分子材料的研究进展,并对未来该领域发展的趋势进行了展望。     

有关“环境友好塑料”几个概念的澄清

生物塑料、生物降解塑料、生物基塑料统称为环境友好塑料,但它们三者的侧重点各有不同,既有区别,也有联系,本文对以上三个概念的意义做了详细的解释和澄清。生物塑料注重于生产原料的生物来源性和制造过程的生物技术性;生物降解塑料则注重于它是否可以被生物降解,其原料可以来自于可再生资源,也可来自于石油资源;生物基塑料则关注其生产原料是否来自于可再生资源,而对其是否可以生物降解没有特别要求。     

生物基聚呋喃类高分子的合成与应用研究进展

随着经济的迅猛发展和石油资源的不断枯竭,人们越来越重视将可再生资源转化为有用的化合物或聚合物.生物基聚呋喃类高分子具有单体来源广泛和良好的生态效益,可用于制备外包装材料、导电材料、自修复材料等,在许多领域存在着巨大的潜在应用价值,因此,其合成研究备受关注.本文以不同的反应单体与合成方法为依据,全面地总结了近10年来(特...     

含双重动态共价键的松香基环氧类玻璃高分子的制备与性能

以天然松香衍生物为刚性环氧单体, 3,3’-二硫代二丙酸(DTDPA)为交联剂,通过环氧-羧基酯化反应固化,制备了含双重动态二硫键和酯键的生物松香基环氧类玻璃高分子网络.利用红外光谱和拉曼光谱对所得聚合物网络材料的结构进行了表征.结果表明,合成了含双重动态二硫键和酯键的松香基环氧高分子网络.对所有松香基环氧高分子网络进行了热机械性能、力学性能、热稳定性和应力松弛测试.结果表明,松香基环氧高分子网络具有高的热稳定性和力学性能,以及相对较快的应力松弛能力.此外,研究了交联剂添加量对所得松香基环氧高分子网络的自修复和再加工能力的影响.结果表明, DTDPA的羧基与松香环氧单体的环氧基摩尔比为100∶100的类玻璃(RE-100)网络具有最优的自修复和再加工性能.因为RE-100网络内部拥有最多的动态二硫键和酯键,在受到热刺激后,充足的动态二硫键和酯键发生可逆交换,促使网络快速重排,从而获得优异的自修复和再加工性能.     

生物基UV固化预聚物制备及性能研究

近年来，随着制造业产能的严重过剩，我国政府对于环境保护越来越重视，传统油性涂料体系受到巨大的冲击，而光固化作为三大环保型涂料技术之一得到迅速发展。生物基原料是一种可再生资源，在不可再生资源越来越少的未来，生物基材料的发展和应用也就成为一种必然趋势。本文把生物基原料引入光固化预聚物体系，在类似结构条件下对比了含有和不含有生物基材料预聚物固化膜的基本物化性能，并对实验结果进行了总结。     

松香基Schiff碱高分子金属配合物的制备及其对茴香油的催化氧化

以马来松香丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGMRA)为原料与制备出的水合肼α-甲基丙烯酸-(4-醛基)-苯酯Schiff碱共聚制备松香基Schiff碱高分子物质(PS),然后将PS分别与铜离子和镍离子配位制备松香基Schiff碱高分子金属配位物PS-Cu及PS-Ni,并采用FTIR、1H-NMR、SEM及EDX对松香基Schiff碱高分子共聚物及其金属配位物进行表征,结果表明本研究提供的方法可成功制备出目标产物PS-Cu及PS-Ni。以H_2O_2为氧源、PS-Cu及PS-Ni为催化剂,对茴香油的催化氧化进行研究,在PS-Cu存在的条件下,茴香油的转化率为70%,高于空白试验组的转化率(47%);但是,在PS-Ni存在的条件下,茴香油的转化率却低于空白试验组;表明松香基Schiff碱共聚高分子铜离子配合物催化氧化茴香油的效果要优于镍离子配合物。     

生物医用蓖麻油基聚氨酯及其接枝改性的研究进展

蓖麻油是价格低廉的可再生资源,含有大量的羟基,可代替聚酯(醚),合成出蓖麻油基聚氨酯,在生物医学领域有着广阔的发展空间。本文阐述了聚氨酯合成方法,分析了结构特性,并对其蓖麻油基聚氨酯接枝改性进行了较详细的探讨。报道了蓖麻油基聚氨酯接枝改性后的生物医用发展趋势。随着组织修复材料的发展,以天然生物质为原料而制备的该种复合生物材料是有广阔的发展前景。     

超临界流体制备聚乳酸发泡材料的研究进展

石油基聚合物如聚苯乙烯等发泡材料因其质轻及优异的性能而受到广泛的应用。但是,石油基聚合物在自然环境条件下难以降解,存在"白色污染"的问题。因此,亟需开发绿色环境友好的聚合物发泡材料来代替石油基聚合物发泡材料。聚乳酸(PLA)是一种以可再生资源为原料的绿色高分子聚合物,因其具有完全生物可降解性,得到越来越多的关注。PLA具有良好的加工性能及力学性能,将其制备成轻量化的发泡材料会赋予其良好的吸音、隔热以及缓冲性能,是取代石油类聚合物的理想生物基聚合物,可以应用在包装、建筑、餐具以及组织支架等领域。PLA的熔体由于强度低、结晶速率慢,难以制备成泡孔分布均匀、膨胀倍率高的PLA发泡材料。为此,本文综述了近年来围绕改善PLA发泡行为的研究进展,包括利用不同超临界流体发泡技术制备PLA发泡材料、PLA发泡材料的改性方法、力学性能的影响因素及其不断拓宽的应用领域。     

Organocatalytic Upgrading of Biomass Derived Building Blocks

The depletion of finite primary fossil fuels we are facing makes necessary a deep metamorphosis in fundamental parts of the chemical industry. A progressive transition from petro-based starting materials toward renewable biomass-derived sources will have to take place in the synthesis of added-value chemicals, important for our everyday life, such as pharmaceuticals, polymers, agrochemicals etc. Moreover, greener processes, carried out under friendlier reaction conditions, must be designed to address current concerns about the climate change and the resulting pressing need to reduce the environmental footprint of chemical processes. To this end, organocatalysis could offer a valuable opportunity for upgrading biomass-derived platform molecules in line with the principles of Green Chemistry. This review presents some of recent and remarkable advancements in this emerging area. Organocatalysis has proven to be an efficient tool to transform low value bio-based renewable platform building blocks into new high value bio-based chemicals, with potential applications as synthetic intermediates, innovative materials and pharmaceutically active compounds.     

Recent development on bio-based thermosetting resins

Due to the rapid depletion of crude oil and serious environmental pollution, the synthesis of polymers from renewable resource is becoming more and more important. Up to now, a great variety of biomass and bio-based platform compounds have been taken to prepare the polymers. However, as two representative thermosetting resins, epoxy and benzoxazine resin derived from renewable feedstocks only obtain limited attention compared with the popular bio-based plastics, including PLA, PBAT and PHBV etc. The reason might be that the properties of previously reported thermosetting resins directly obtained from biomass are usually unsatisfied, and their application fields are limited. In this paper, the latest development on the synthesis of high-performance bio-based epoxy and polybenzoxazine resins are reviewed. In addition, to further broaden their applications, the functionalization strategies are also summarized. The objective of this work is to help us fully aware the present situation of bio-based thermosetting resins and then promote their faster development, especially practical application.     

Derivation and synthesis of renewable surfactants

This critical review focuses on the origins and preparation of bio-based surfactants, defined here as non-soap, amphiphilic molecules in which the carbon atoms are derived from annually renewable feedstocks. Environmental concerns and market pressures have led to greater relevance of these chemicals in commercial applications in recent years and extensive research has gone into exploring new classes of surfactants. Highlighted here are examples of bio-based surfactants that are produced on an industrial scale and/or are based on abundant starting materials. The trend of increasing use of renewable resources as starting materials for surfactants is introduced, followed by extensive discussion of the major classes of bio-derived hydrophobes and hydrophiles. Also discussed is the status of research and development with regard to biosynthetically produced surfactants. Finally, concluding remarks address the potential for new surfactant molecular structures as a result of ongoing development in the chemistry of biorefineries, i.e., that the transformation of lignocellulose into fuels is likely to support the manufacturing of new bio-based coproducts (238 references).     

Waste cooking oil as a promising source for bio lubricants- A review

The development of renewable and sustainable products to replace fossil fuels is a key topic in this decade from an industrial, environmental, and scientific perspective. There is an inescapable flow of mineral-based lubricants into the environment due to the increasing use of numerous lubricant types, most of which are mineral-based. Waste cooking oil is another problem, and the disposal of this oil pollutes the environment. Making bio-based lubricant from used cooking oil can solve both of these problems. Lubricating oils that can be created from waste cooking oil are the subject of this article. Bio-lubricants are an attractive alternative to conventional petro-based lubricants because of a number of physical properties, including as biodegradability, high lubricity, and high flash points. Despite this, they are expected to displace petroleum-based lubricants in a range of applications because to their inefficient chemical structure. This allows waste oil to be used as a lubricant while still keeping its tribological and environmental properties through chemical modification. Biodegradable lubricants may benefit from lower prices for waste natural oils, which may help them compete on the market. This article provides a brief introduction of waste cooking oil and its possible use as a bio-based lubricant, as well as the many elements and trends within it.     

FDCA基聚酯的合成、性能及应用研究进展

生物质资源是一种储量丰富的可再生资源。生物质资源的高效利用不仅具有非常巨大的经济和生态价值,而且对新能源与生物基合成材料的可持续发展战略具有重大意义。由植物纤维素等生物质材料经生物或者简单化学过程处理,可获得丰富的生物基单体2,5-呋喃二甲酸(FDCA)。FDCA可用于生物基聚酯材料的合成。FDCA系列聚酯材料性能优异,可作为由石油基单体对苯二甲酸(PTA)而合成的芳香族聚酯材料(例如PET)的一种潜在的高性能生物可降解替代材料。本文简要说明了生物基单体FDCA的物性及制备方法,并重点阐述了包括聚呋喃二甲酸乙二酯(PEF)与聚呋喃二甲酸丁二酯(PBF)等一系列FDCA基聚酯材料的合成及性质,同时对FDCA基聚酯材料的应用进展进行了简要介绍,最后对FDCA基聚酯生物基合成材料的发展前景作了初步展望。     

Production and Characterization of Biodiesel from Tung Oil

The feasibility of biodiesel production from tung oil was investigated. The esterification reaction of the free fatty acids of tung oil was performed using Amberlyst-15. Optimal molar ratio of methanol to oil was determined to be 7.5:1, and Amberlyst-15 was 20.8wt% of oil by response surface methodology. Under these reaction conditions, the acid value of tung oil was reduced to 0.72mg KOH/g. In the range of the molar equivalents of methanol to oil under 5, the esterification was strongly affected by the amount of methanol but not the catalyst. When the molar ratio of methanol to oil was 4.1:1 and Amberlyst-15 was 29.8wt% of the oil, the acid value decreased to 0.85mg KOH/g. After the transesterification reaction of pretreated tung oil, the purity of tung biodiesel was 90.2wt%. The high viscosity of crude tung oil decreased to 9.8mm²/s at 40 °C. Because of the presence of eleostearic acid, which is a main component of tung oil, the oxidation stability as determined by the Rancimat method was very low, 0.5h, but the cold filter plugging point, −11 °C, was good. The distillation process did not improve the fatty acid methyl ester content and the viscosity.     

餐厨废油制备的生物基两性表面活性剂的油水界面性能

以餐厨废油制备了生物基两性表面活性剂,应用界面张力和动态光散射方法,研究了该生物基两性表面活性剂体系的油水界面性能及在溶液中的聚集行为。 在无外加碱条件下,由餐厨废油制备的表面活性剂表现出良好的界面性能,在50~70 ℃以及pH值为7~12的条件下,均可以将油水界面张力降至超低值(<10^-3 mN/m),在不同的油藏模拟地层水中均保持较好的界面活性;分别在50、-20和4 ℃下保存,其界面活性均未受到明显影响。 在水溶液中形成的聚集体的平均流体力学半径为10~30 nm,无机盐离子的加入可使聚集体的粒径上升。 基于其优良的界面性质和可再生来源,由餐厨废油制备的生物基两性表面活性剂在三次采油方面具有重要的应用价值。