中国营养平衡米膳治疗肾衰病人的Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Se平衡论证

采用营养调查方法 ,对门诊 30例血透肾衰患者进行了调查 ,并对其进食中国营养平衡米膳改善Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Se不平衡进行了论证。结果表明 ,临床表现为面黄肌瘦 ,苍白 ,浮肿 ,疲劳 ,消瘦 ,虚弱 ,无力 ,食欲不振 ,恶心呕吐 ,头晕 ,皮肤瘙痒 ,肌肉震颤 ,手足麻木 ,无精神等明显的营养不良 ,平均体重 5 3 5kg ,皮脂厚度 1 1 2cm ,检验为血清总蛋白 67 31mg dL ,白蛋白 37 4 9mg dL ,RBC 2 4 1× 1 0 12 /L ;氮质血症 (x) :BUN 31mmol l,Cr 1 0 0 2 6μmol L。膳食中平均每人每日微量元素摄入量为 :Fe 1 7 99mg ,Zn 1 0 35mg ,Se 5 9 2 2 μg,Cu 1 71mg ,Mn3 95mg ,以肾衰患者RDA标准评价 ,Zn、Cu未达到RDA ,Fe ,偏高 ,Mn、Se达标。证明血透肾衰患者微量元素营养不平衡。RDA标准评价分别为 1 5 0 %、 69%、 1 1 8%、 86%、 1 5 8%。若改食中国营养平衡米膳 ,Fe、Zn、Se、Cu、Mn摄入量分别为 1 9 74mg、 2 4 64mg、 1 78mg、4 0 9mg ,达标率分别为 1 65 %、 1 64%、 1 5 7%、 89%、 1 64% ,则全部达标率近 90 %以上 ,且比原来膳食中元素平衡 ,证明营养平衡米膳的Fe、Zn、Se、Cu、Mn均与RDA标准模式平衡。因此 ,建议血透肾衰患者进食中国营养平衡米膳 ,可望改善其微量元素营养不平衡状况 ,提高生存质     

猪、兔、羊、鸡肝脏中必需微量元素和脂肪酸含量的比较研究

以猪、兔、羊、鸡的肝脏为材料,利用高频电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测定了其微量元素Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn的含量,新极谱仪测定了Se的含量,气相色谱仪测定了必需脂肪酸亚油酸(C反18：2)和γ-亚麻酸(Cγ-18：3)的含量。结果表明,Fe在所测五种微量元素中含量最高,Zn其次,Se最低。四种动物肝脏中,兔肝的Zn、Fe、Se含量(鲜重)最高．分别为34．00μg/g,151．70μg/g和0.14μg/g;羊肝的Cu含量(鲜重)最高,为65．72μg/g;鸡肝的Mn含量(鲜重)最高,为1．94μg/g。此外,在所测定的两种必需脂肪酸中,兔肝的亚油酸含量(鲜重)最高,为24．08％;鸡肝中γ-亚麻酸含量最高,为1．08％。结果提示,在选用动物肝脏作为营养素源和制备保健品时,应考虑微量元素和必需脂肪酸的含量特点,有效利用其营养价值。     

Experimental Study on the Mechaism of Siwei Gantai Granules Anti-Tumor Based on Metallomics

为探讨基于金属组学四味肝泰颗粒抑制荷瘤小鼠瘤组织生长的作用机制,采用腋下注射小鼠腹水瘤细胞S180的方法建立模型,将小鼠随机分为5组,灌胃给药,10 d后处死,收集小鼠瘤组织,并用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪( ICP - MS)测定样品中Mg、Al、K、Ca、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ni、Se等10种微量元素含量.运用主成分分析方法进行了统计学分析.结果表明,Ca、Mn、Ni、Zn、Se是四味肝泰治疗肿瘤的主要相关微量元素.提示四味肝泰作用机制可能与Ca、Mn、Ni、Zn、Se几种微量元素有关.     

牡蛎、缢蛏和菲律宾蛤仔中微量元素的分析研究

采用硝酸-高氯酸法消解样品,应用ICP—AES法测定了牡蛎、缢蛏和菲律宾蛤仔中Ca、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、Ni、Se、Sr、V和Zn共12种微量元素。实验结果表明,3种贝类中均含有大量的Ca、Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Mg,还含有Co、Cr、Ni、Se、Sr和V等对人体有益的微量元素,是营养价值较高的海产品,可以作为人体补充微量元素的重要来源。     

滴水珠中总生物碱和微量元素的含量测定

采用酸性染料比色法测定了滴水珠中总生物碱的含量 ,采用等离子体发射光谱法测定了其微量元素的含量。结果表明滴水珠中总生物碱的含量为 0 65 3 1 % ;含有Cu、Mn、Zn、Fe、Co、Cd、Cr等多种微量元素 ,其中Fe的含量最高 ,为 1 3 4 80 0× 1 0 - 6 。     

胎儿肝、肾上腺微量元素的时序变化与抗氧化酶活性的关系

为探讨胎儿发育过程中组织器官抗氧化酶活性和微量元素的关系，分析了不同月龄胎儿肝、肾上腺中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Se的含量和抗氧化酶活性，并分别与月龄进行相关分析。结果表明，肝、肾上腺中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Se与抗氧化酶活性之间显示有依存关系，为揭示人体胚胎微量元素与酶的关系及其分子生物学机制提供了依据。     

ICP-AES法测定新疆黑种草子,紫苏子,香青兰中微量元素的含量

本文建立了一种电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定植物药中微量元素含量的方法.采用等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定新疆黑种草子,紫苏子,香青兰中的微量元素.新疆黑种草子,紫苏子,香青兰中含有Cu,Al,Mn,Zn,Fe,Ca,Mg,Ge,Ni,Cr,Sr,Se,Co等15种微量元素.特别是Al,Mg,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn的含量较高.方法回收率为93.1%～106.0%.等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)可同时测定植物药中多种元素.     

头发中微量元素含量与乙型肝炎关系的研究

通过检测60名乙型肝炎患者与55名正常对照组头发中的Zn、Mn、Cr、Fe、Cu、Se 6种微量元素的含量,观察了头发微量元素的变化情况与乙型肝炎的关系。结果表明,Zn、Mn、Se含量显著低于正常对照组,有显著或极显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01);Fe与正常对照组比较显著升高,有极显著性差异(P<0.01);Cr、Cu与正常对照组比较,无明显差异(P<0.05)。故微量元素与乙型肝炎存在着密切的联系,对乙肝患者须关注其微量元素含量的变化。     

基于金属组学四昧肝泰颗粒抑瘤作用机制初步研究

为探讨基于金属组学四味肝泰颗粒抑制荷瘤小鼠瘤组织生长的作用机制,采用腋下注射小鼠腹水瘤细胞S180的方法建立模型,将小鼠随机分为5组,灌胃给药,10d后处死,收集小鼠瘤组织,并用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP—MS）测定样品中Mg、A1、K、Ca、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ni、Se等10种微量元素含量。运用主成分分析方法进行了统计学分析。结果表明,Ca、Mn、Ni、Zn、Se是四味肝泰治疗肿瘤的主要相关微量元素。提示四味肝泰作用机制可能与Ca、Mn、Ni、Zn、Se几种微量元素有关。     

108例甲状腺功能障碍患者全血9种元素相关性研究

通过原子吸收光谱技术对68例治疗前甲亢病人(A组)，35例治疗后甲亢病人(B组)，5例甲减病人(C组)及74例正常人(D组）全血多种微量元素测定分析，结果显示：D组Cu与Al，Mg与Mn正相关；Al与Zn、Se负相关；A组Fe与Zn、Ca，Ca与TT4。Cu与Mn正相关，TT与Zn、Cr负相关。B组Fe与Zn、Cu、Mg，Zn与Cu、Mn、Mg与Ca、Se、Se与TT3正相关。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.