肝苏颗粒中芦丁和槲皮素含量的测定

肝苏颗粒系中草药扯根菜(Penthorum Chinese Pursh) 经提炼加工而成,临床用于慢性乙型肝炎的治疗,并具有清热解毒、活血调经、利水消肿以及稳定血糖等功效[1].作为肝苏颗粒主要活性组分,槲皮素和芦丁含量是衡量肝苏颗粒质量好坏的一个主要指标.毛细管电泳具有快速、高效、分离能力强、需要样品量小等优点,在中药活性组分的分离分析中展现出了巨大的潜力,已有较多文献报道毛细管电泳法分析芦丁和槲皮素[2-7].     

蛋壳型Pd/α-Al2O3催化剂的制备及活性

采用浸渍法制备了蛋壳型Pd/α-Al2O3催化剂,并用于CO和亚硝酸甲酯气相合成草酸二甲酯反应,考察了活性层厚度对催化剂活性的影响.采用偏光显微镜和电感耦合等离子光谱技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,调节前驱体溶液的pH值可以控制活性组分在载体上的分布,从而得到不同钯层厚度的催化剂.这种活性组分位于催化剂外表面的蛋壳型催化剂可以提高活性组分的利用,使亚硝酸甲酯的转化率较高.另外考察了活性组分Pd负载量对催化剂浸渍深度和活性的影响.确定了催化剂活性组分的适宜负载量为0.10%,浸渍深度为16μm.     

天花粉蛋白化学 Ⅳ.天花粉蛋白的基本一级结构

前文报道从我国民间用于引产的中草药天花粉中提取到活性组分结晶天花粉蛋白和它的物理化学性质,N-端氨基酸顺序的测定及其溴化氰降解碎片CBa的顺序分析. 天花粉蛋白是一个由224个氨基酸残基组成的单一肽链的简单蛋白质,其N-末端残基为Asp,C-端顺序经羧肽酶A测定,并结合其水解动力学的计算机拟合为     

氧氟沙星-Fenton体系荧光法测定和评价中草药抗氧化活性北大核心CSCD

研究利用荧光法测定和评价中草药抗氧化活性。氧氟沙星(Ofloxacin,OFL)能产生强荧光,在酸性环境中,Fenton反应产生的羟基自由基(·OH)能氧化OFL使其荧光猝灭,加入抗氧化剂或含有抗氧化成分的中草药可清除·OH使与OFL反应的·OH量减少,导致OFL荧光猝灭程度减弱。OFL荧光猝灭程度与加入抗氧化剂量或中草药中抗氧化成分的量呈定量关系,据此建立了一种测定和评价中草药抗氧化活性的新方法。应用该法测定和评价了7种常见中草药抗氧化活性,其中夏枯草、连翘和黄连的抗氧化活性较强。该方法操作简单,体系稳定,可用于中草药抗氧化活性测定和评价。     

用MBS和XPS究负载型氧化铁催化剂载体与活性组分的相互作用

负载型催化剂具有高分散度、抗烧结、使用寿命长、机械性能好等优点,使用非常广泛.作为载体并非全是“惰性”的.载体与活性组分间常有不同程度的相互作用.这类催化剂载体与活性组分之间的相互作用能明显改变活性组分的颗粒大小、还原度以及催化、氧化     

制备载体催化剂的浸渍过程数学模型及有限元正交配置解

浸渍型催化剂在近代工业催化剂开发中的地位日益重要.根据反应的特点,可以对催化剂活性组分的分布提出特定的要求.目前在工艺上已有一些方法可制备活性组分符合不同分布规律的催化剂.如所谓的蛋壳型,蛋白型及蛋黄型. Maatman等首先提出了设计和控制浸渍参数以制备具有预期活性组分分布的催化剂的观点.     

硅溶胶负载非晶态NiB纳米团簇的制备与催化加氢性能

以硅溶胶为载体,通过化学还原法制备了具有超小尺寸的非晶态NiB催化剂. 采用高倍透射电镜、选区电子衍射和能量色散谱对样品的形貌和结构进行了表征. 结果表明,以硅溶胶为载体负载的非晶态NiB催化剂,其活性组分的粒径在1～2 nm, 并且活性组分Ni均匀地分布于硅溶胶载体上. 与传统的Raney Ni催化剂相比, NiB/硅溶胶表现出更为优异的催化加氢性能并极大地提高了氢化效率. 催化剂的优良活性可归因于载体硅溶胶的大表面积及其硅烷醇对活性组分的锚定功能,这使活性组分Ni以超小尺寸均匀地分散于载体上,从而使纳米粒子的表面效应得到充分发挥.     

整体式催化剂活性组分负载策略及微波催化燃烧甲苯特性

针对催化剂活性组分脱落问题,采用载体预处理和添加硅溶胶的策略来强化活性组分负载,微波单模腔中催化燃烧甲苯以考察催化剂活性,并对牢固负载的催化剂进行表征分析。研究表明,常温下采用10%盐酸溶液对蜂窝状堇青石(CH)载体预处理、硅溶胶添加量与载体吸水量比值为0. 125条件下所制备的Cu-Mn-Ce(硅溶胶)/CH催化剂脱落率为0. 0129%,明显低于Cu-Mn-Ce/CH催化剂的0. 950%。Cu-Mn-Ce(硅溶胶)/CH催化剂具有更小的活性颗粒尺寸、更大的比表面积和更多样的活性晶体,在甲苯进气浓度1000 mg/m3、进气量0. 12 m3/h、微波功率200 W和床层温度350℃条件下,催化剂对甲苯的催化燃烧效率和矿化率分别为98. 5%和87. 9%;连续实验43 h后,催化剂活性保持稳定且活性组分脱落率低(0. 0328%)。硅溶胶的添加增强了活性组分与载体之间的相互作用力,生成的硅氧烷化学键提高了活性组分的结合牢固度。     

长庆油田石油磺酸盐中活性组分识别

石油磺酸盐中活性组分的识别对于磺化原料油的选择和磺酸盐产品界面活性的稳定具有重要的指导意义.开展石油磺酸盐关键活性物质结构的确定与活性检测研究,可以提升高品质石油磺酸盐生产的可控性.采用液相色谱制备技术,结合质谱分析和界面张力测试评价,从长庆石油磺酸盐样品中成功分离制备出了具有优异界面活性的关键活性组分.试验结果表明,其活性组分占总石油磺酸盐含量的7.3%,可以将油水界面张力快速降至超低(<1.0×10^(-3) mN/m),且具有广泛的油相普适性,对于正己烷~正十六烷油相以及多种油田来源原油,均可将油水界面张力降至超低.此外,活性组分以单磺酸盐为主,平均相对分子质量为414(不含Na^(+)),相对分子质量分布范围在380~450之间,主要组成是以多种同分异构体结构形式存在的十七烷基苯磺酸盐和十八烷基苯磺酸盐混合物.     

界面张力弛豫法研究不同分子量原油活性组分界面扩张粘弹性

采用界面张力弛豫法研究了不同分子量原油活性组分在正癸烷-水界面上的扩张粘弹性质,阐述了界面扩张模量的弹性和粘性随扩张频率的变化规律.研究发现,随着原油活性组分分子量的增大,极限扩张粘度明显增大,而极限扩张弹性逐渐增大;当分子量大于某一数值后,极限扩张弹性变化不明显.对界面张力弛豫实验结果进行拟合得到的参数表明,界面上和界面附近的微观弛豫过程的数目随原油活性组分分子量的增加而增加,弛豫过程的特征频率也呈规律性变化.不同原油活性组分的界面扩张粘弹性质可从其不同特征的微观弛豫过程得到解释.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。