铁、铬、钒原子激发态的光电离截面

这篇文章分别在278~288 nm、335~361 nm、300~310 nm激光波长范围内分别报道过渡金属中的铁原子、铬原子和钒原子的共振增强多光子电离(REMPI)的实验结果. 实验中采用激光烧蚀和分子束相结合的技术制备金属原子.光离子产物由飞行时间质谱仪检测.根据共振电离离子信号对探测激光功率的依赖关系,得到原子激发态的光电离截面值.     

铁、铬、钒原子激发态的光电离截面

这篇文章分别在278～288nm、335～361nm、300～310nm激光波长范围内分别报道过渡金属中的铁原子、铬原子和钒原子的共振增强多光子电离(REMPI)的实验结果.实验中采用激光烧蚀和分子束相结合的技术制备金属原子.光离子产物由飞行时间质谱仪检测.根据共振电离离子信号对探测激光功率的依赖关系,得到原子激发态的光电离截面值.     

超冷V型三能级原子注入的微波激射:原子相干性对腔场光子统计的影响

建立了超冷V型三能级原子注入的微波激射的腔场光子统计的量子理论,研究了原子相干性对光子统计性质的影响.发现腔内原子的发射概率随腔长变化的曲线中存在着共振峰和非共振平台,原子相干性对这些共振峰和非共振平台的绝对大小和相对比例具有灵活的可调性.原子发射概率的这些特点对腔场光子统计产生了直接的影响.平均光子数随腔长变化的曲线中也存在着共振峰和非共振平台;给定腔长,适当调节原子相干参量,可以使光子数分布向大、小光子数两个方向灵活地移动,平均光子数也相应地增加和减少.研究中还发现,适当选取原子相干参量,光子统计在大 关键词： 微波激射 超冷V型三能级原子 原子相干性 光子统计     

钴、钛原子激发态光电离研究

本文报道紫外区钛和钴原子共振增强多光子电离(REMPI)谱和激发态绝对光电离截面。实验上通过激光烧蚀金属样品制备中性原子,由飞行时间质谱仪检测离子产物,在298-351nm范围扫描激光波长,得到钛原子和钴原子共振增强多光子电离谱;并根据共振离子信号强度与电离激光通量关系得到原子激发态的绝对光电离截面,这些激发态电离截面的实验值在0.5-4 Mb。     

钴、钛原子激发态光电离研究

本文报道紫外区钛和钴原子共振增强多光子电离(REMPI)谱和激发态绝对光电离截面。实验上通过激光烧蚀金属样品制备中性原子,由飞行时间质谱仪检测离子产物,在298-351nm范围扫描激光波长,得到钛原子和钴原子共振增强多光子电离谱;并根据共振离子信号强度与电离激光通量关系得到原子激发态的绝对光电离截面,这些激发态电离截面的实验值在0.5-4 Mb。     

Ti原子315nm-321nm区（1+1）共振增强多光子电离谱的实验研究

结合激光烧蚀、超声射流技术,在实验上制备了高浓度的Ti原子自由原子束源,测定了315nm-321nm光谱区过渡金属Ti原子的(1+1)共振增强多光子电离谱,并对光谱结构进行了归属.     

Fe（CO）5双色共振增强多光子电离研究

利用超声分子束、强激光多光子电离和飞行时间质谱探测装置研究了Fe(CO)_5分子在355nm、532nm和355nm+532nm单、双色激光作用下的多光子电离质谱.实验结果证明了双色激光的共振增强电离作用.由飞行时间质谱的展宽峰型结构估算了Fe(CO)_5等分子的光解离寿命与Fe~+和Fe(CO)_5离子分子反应截面.     

邻碘甲苯分子光解动力学的飞秒时间分辨质谱研究

利用飞秒时间分辨质谱技术研究了邻碘甲苯分子在266 nm激发下的光解动力学. 光解产物碎片通过800 nm强激光场下的多光子电离实现探测. 拟合光解产物C₇H₇自由基和I原子随泵浦-探测延迟时间变化的信号,得到解离时间为38±50 fs,它反映的是266 nm同时激发nσ^*和ππ^*态后C-I键的平均解离时间. 此外,还利用基态碘原子的共振波长298.23 nm作为探测光,通过共振增强多光子电离方法对解离生成的基态碘原子进行了选择性探测. 拟合I⁺随泵浦-探测延迟时间变化的信号,得到解离时间为40±50 fs,这与通过800 nm多光子电离得到的解离时间一致,表明解离生成的主要产物是基态碘原子.     

邻近非共振线校正背景-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定高盐食品中的铅

介绍了高盐食品中铅的火焰原子吸收光谱测定方法;用铅283.3nm共振线测定样品溶液中铅的原子吸收信号与背景吸收信号之和,另选一条铅280nm非共振线测定样品溶液的背景吸收信号,然后减掉背景吸收信号.方法相对标准偏差为0.8％-4.1％,回收率为91％-102.5.％.该方法简便、快速、准确,用于高盐食品中铅的测定,结果令人满意.     

应用激光质谱法选择探测一氧化碳

此文解决了激光质谱法中从含同质量数的N2分子的混合气体中选择CO分子这一问题,由于用紫外266nm激光不能从含N2分子的混合气体中选择CO分子,因此采用了可见激光来探测,发现用可见激光430～435nm的激光能成功地将CO分子选择探测出来。此外还着重分析了在可见波段和266nm激光下产生CO+离子的机理：在可见光波段443.55nm所对应的共振峰是CO分子吸收3光子的激光能量与A1Π态的振动量子数为2的振动态共振产生的;434.3nm所对应的共振峰是CO分子吸收3光子的激光能量与A1Π态的振动量子数为3的振动态共振产生的;CO分子吸收两光子的266nm激光能量与A1Π态第7振动态的某一高转动态相共振,处于该振动态的CO分子再继续吸收一个光子的266nm激光的能量至其电离态电离产生CO+离子。     

Multiphoton and tunneling ionization of atoms in an intense laser field

We study the ionization probabilities of atoms by a short laser pulse with three different theoretical methods,i.e.,the numerical solution of the time-dependent Schro¨dinger equation(TDSE),the Perelomov-Popov-Terent’ev(PPT) theory,and the Ammosov-Delone-Krainov(ADK) theory.Our results show that laser intensity dependent ionization probabilities of several atoms(i.e.,H,He,and Ne) obtained from the PPT theory accord quite well with the TDSE results both in the multiphoton and tunneling ionization regimes,while the ADK results fit well to the TDSE data only in the tunneling ionization regime.Our calculations also show that laser intensity dependent ionization probabilities of a H atom at three different laser wavelengths of 600 nm,800 nm,and 1200 nm obtained from the PPT theory are also in good agreement with those from the TDSE,while the ADK theory fails to give the wavelength dependence of ionization probability.Only when the laser wavelength is long enough,will the results of ADK be close to those of TDSE.     

Ionization of a multilevel atom by ultrashort laser pulses

Specific features of ionization of single atoms by laser fields of a near-atomic strength are investigated. Calculations are performed for silver atoms interacting with femtosecond laser pulses with wavelengths λ = 800 nm (Ti:Sapphire) and λ = 1.064 μm (Nd:YAG). The dependences of the probability of ionization and of the form of the photoelectron energy spectra on the field of laser pulses for various values of their duration are considered. It is shown that the behavior of the probability of ionization in the range of subatomic laser pulse fields is in good agreement with the Keldysh formula. However, when the field strength attains values close to the atomic field strength, the discrepancies in these dependences manifested in a decrease in the ionization rate (ionization stabilization effect) or in its increase (accelerated ionization) are observed. These discrepancies are associated with the dependence of the population dynamics of excited discrete energy levels of the atom on the laser pulse field amplitude.     

Dramatic Spectral Broadening of Ultrafast Laser Pulses in Molecular Nitrogen Ions

We investigate nonlinear interaction of nitrogen molecules with a two-color laser field composed by an intense800 nm laser pulse and a weak 400 nm laser pulse.It is demonstrated that the spectrum of 400 nm pulses is dramatically broadened when the two beams temporally overlap.In comparison,the spectral broadening in argon is less pronounced,although argon atoms and nitrogen molecules have comparable ionization potentials.We reveal that the dramatic spectral broadening originates from the greatly enhanced nonlinear optical effects in the near-resonant condition of interaction between the 400 nm pulses and the nitrogen molecular ions.     

脉冲激光诱导金属薄膜电离的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法模拟研究了激光诱导金属薄膜的电离过程,对激光等离子体形成早期原子的运动轨迹、薄膜表面的温度变化以及原子的电离特性进行了详细分析,并探究了脉冲激光参数对原子电离过程的影响.结果表明,在激光照射过程中,薄膜表面先熔化而后又气化,气化的原子继续吸收激光能量继而电离.激光的峰值功率密度越大,原子电离速率越快,电离数目越多,薄膜表面的温度越高.脉冲宽度越小,原子电离速率越快,薄膜表面的温度越高,但原子的电离数目先增加后减小.     

Modulation of ionization on laser frequency in ultra-short pulse intense laser--gas-target

Based on the dispersion relation of intense laser pulse propagating in gradually ionized plasma, this paper discusses the frequency modulation induced by ionization of an ultra-short intense laser pulse interacting with a gas target. The relationship between the frequency modulation and the ionization rate, the plasmas frequency variation, and the polarization of atoms (ions) is analysed. The numerical results indicate that, at high frequency, the polarization of atoms (ions) plays a more important role than plasma frequency variation in modulating the laser frequency, and the laser frequency variation is different at different positions of the laser pulse.     

Doubly charged ions resulting from the multiphoton atomic ionization of alkaline-earth metals

The study of the creation of doubly charged ions upon the laser-induced multiphoton ionization of alkaline-earth metals is reviewed. The results show that the features of the creation of the doubly charged ions depend on the spectral range of the ionizing laser radiation. In the ionization of the alkaline-earth atoms by the visible laser radiation, the cascade creation of the doubly charged ions is predominantly implemented when the ions result from the multiphoton ionization of singly charged ions created in the presence of the same laser pulse. In the multiphoton ionization of the alkaline-earth atoms by the IR laser radiation, the two-electron process occurs when the doubly charged ions are directly created from neutral atoms owing to the ionization via induced resonances with strongly perturbed states of these atoms.     

Rescattering of electrons at laser-cluster interactions

The goal of this work is to derive the angular distributions of electrons irradiated at the outer ionization of large atomic clusters from Xe atoms by relativistic laser pulses taking into account rescattering processes. Both the magnetic field of the laser pulse and the Coulomb field of the ionized cluster significantly influence the rescattering of ejected electrons. The multiply inner ionization of atoms occurs at the leading edge of the laser pulse. The atomic ions with charge multiplicities up to Z = 26 are subsequently produced (each atomic ion with the next charge multiplicity appears in 3–5 fs) when the laser intensity increases. The measurements of the angular distributions of electrons allow us to reproduce the imaging dynamics of outer ionization of the cluster at the leading edge of the relativistic femtosecond laser pulse.     

Charge Composition of Ions in a Cluster Plasma Formed under the Action of a High-Power Laser Pulse

A model describing the ionization of atoms and ions in a cluster under irradiation by a short laser pulse has been constructed. It is shown that the electron-impact ionization weakly affects the final charge composition, and the main mechanism of ion formation in the cluster is the over-barrier ionization by an electric field. The electric field acting on atoms and ions is the result of combined action of the external laser field and the intrinsic electric field of the cluster. The key parameters of the cluster beam and the laser pulse, which determine the properties of the charge composition of the cluster plasma, have been established.     

利用三色组合脉冲激光获得孤立阿秒脉冲发射

孤立阿秒脉冲因可以跟踪和控制原子及分子内电子的运动过程而备受关注.本文从理论上开展了氦原子在3束飞秒脉冲激光组合场辐照下产生的高次谐波和阿秒脉冲辐射的研究.组合激光场由16 fs/1600 nm,15 fs/1100 nm和5.3 fs/800 nm的钛宝石脉冲构成.与前两束脉冲合成的双色场产生谐波谱相比,附加钛宝石脉冲的三色场产生的高次谐波发射谱呈现出高转换效率及宽带超连续特性,超连续谱范围覆盖从230—690次谐波,傅里叶变换后实现了128 as高强度孤立短脉冲的产生.该结果归因于合成的三色场呈现出高功率及少周期的中红外飞秒脉冲激光特性,可以有效控制原子电离以及复合发生在中红外飞秒脉冲的一个有效光学周期内.