A Simpler and More Precise Data Processing Method of SPIDER and Its Apparatus Design

1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｔｈｅｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｔｈａｔｃａｎｍｅａｓｕｒｅｔｈｅｐｈａｓｅａｎｄｔｈｅ ｐｕｌｓｅｄｕｒａｔｉｏｎｍａｉｎｌｙｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｔｈｅＦＲＯＧ[1] (ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ -ｒｅｓｏｌｖｅｄｏｐｔｉｃａｌｇａｔｉｎｇ)ａｎｄｔｈｅＳＰＩＤＥＲ[2 ] (ｓｐｅｃｔｒａｌ ｐｈａｓｅｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｏｍｅｔｒｙｆｏｒｄｉｒｅｃｔｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ ｆｉｅｌｄｒｅｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ) .ＦＲＯＧ[1] ｕｓｅｓｔｈｅｕｎｋｎｏｗｎｐｕｌｓｅｉｔｓｅｌｆａｓａｔｉｍｅ ｄｅｌａｙｅｄ ｇａ…     

Butterfly interconnection networks and their applications in Walsh-Hadamard transform-based information processing and optical computing

ＢｕｔｔｅｒｆｌｙｉｎｔｅｒｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｏｎｎｅｔｗｏｒｋｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎＷａｌｓｈ－Ｈａｄａｍａｒｄｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍ－ｂａｓｅｄｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇａｎｄｏｐｔｉｃａｌｃｏｍｐｕｔｉｎｇＨＥ...     

Domain-inversion characteristics of congruent and stoichiometric LiNbO_3 crystals

1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　ＩｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓＬｉＮｂＯ3ｃｒｙｓｔａｌｓｈａｖｅｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄｍｕｃｈａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｅｘｃｅｌｌｅｎｔｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ,ａｎｄｃａｎｂｅｕｓｅｄｆｏｒｍａｎｙａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｔｈｅｆｉｅｌｄｓｏｆｅｌｅｃｔｒｏ ｏｐｔｉｃｓ,ｌａｓｅｒ ｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ,ｈｏｌｏｇｒａｐｈｙａｎｄａｃｏｕｓｔｉｃｓ.Ｐｅｒｉｏｄｉｃａｌｌｙ ｐｏｌｅｄｃｏｎｇｒｕｅｎｔＬｉＮｂＯ3 ｃｒｙｓｔａｌ (ＰＰＬＮ )ｈ…     

Fluorescence and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Dye in Inorganic Glass and Xerogel Matrices

ＦｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｃｅａｎｄＮｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒＯｐｔｉｃａｌＰｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆＯｒｇａｎｉｃＤｙｅｉｎＩｎｏｒｇａｎｉｃＧｌａｓａｎｄＸｅｒｏｇｅｌＭａｔｒｉｃｅｓＺＨＡＮＧＱｉｎｙｕａｎＪＩＡＮＧＺｈｏｎｇｈｏｎｇ（ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＩｎｓｔ...     

Straightness Measurement Using Laser Diode and CCD Camera

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄａｓｅｍｂｌｅｏｆｍｏｄｅｒｎｍａｃｈｉｎｅｓａｎｄｉｎｓｔｒｕｍｅｎｔｓ，ａｎｉｎｄｉｓｐｅｎｓａｂｌｅｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｉｓｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｆｆｏｒｍａｎｄｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｅｒｏ...     

Absorption and Emission Properties of a New Two-photon Absorption Dye

1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｔｗｏ ｐｈｏｔｏｎａｂｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎ (ＴＰＡ )ｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒａｂｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｂｏｔｈｂａｓｉｃａｎｄａｐｐｌｉｅｄｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓ.Ｆｏｒｍａｎｙｙｅａｒｓ,ｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｓｍａｌｌＴＰＡｃｒｏｓｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｍｏｓｔｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ,ｔｗｏ ｐｈｏｔｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓｗｅｒｅｆｏｕｎｄｌｉｍｉｔｅｄａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ.Ｌａｔｅｌｙ ,ｇｒｅａｔｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｅｓｈａｖ…     

Evanescent Waves and Energy Conservation

ＥｖａｎｅｓｃｅｎｔＷａｖｅｓａｎｄＥｎｅｒｇｙＣｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎＣＡＯＱｉｎｇ；ＤＥＮＧＸｉｍｉｎｇ（ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｏｎＨｉｇｈＰｏｗｅｒＬａｓｅｒａｎｄＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｐｔｉｃｓ...     

Hydrodynamic Model and Its Computational Code for Thermal Self-focusing

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｒｅａｒｅｖｅｒｙｓｔｒｏｎｇｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒｏｐｔｉｃａｌｅｆｅｃｔｓｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｐｏｗｅｒｄｅｎｓｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｏｕｔｐｕｔｏｆｌａｒｇｅｌａｓｅｒｓｙｓｔｅｍｓａｎｄｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙｔｈｅ...     

The Spectroscopic Properties of Tm and Ho Co-doped YVO_4 Crystal

1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　ＴｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅＹＶＯ4ｃｒｙｓｔａｌｃａｎｂｅｔｒａｃｅｄｂａｃｋｔｏ 1 970′ｓ.Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒｄｕｅｔｏｉｔｓｐｏｏｒｈｅａｔｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ ,ｉｔｈａｓｎｏｔｂｅｅｎｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄａｓａｇｏｏｄｃａｎｄｉｄａｔｅｆｏｒｆｌａｓｈｌａｍｐ ｐｕｍｐｅｄｌａｓｅｒｓｙｓｔｅｍ .Ｌａｔｅｌｙ ,ｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＬＤｌａｓｅｒａｎｄｎａｒｒｏｗｂａｎｄＬＤ ｐｕｍｐｉｎｇｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙａｉｍｅｄａｔｔｈｅａｂｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎ ｐ…     

Raman Lidar Measurements of Aerosol and Cloud Optical Properties in the Troposphere

1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｔｒｏｐｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃａｅｒｏｓｏｌａｎｄｃｌｏｕｄａｒｅｔｗｏｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｆａｃｔｏｒｓａｆｆｅｃｔｉｎｇｅａｒｔｈ ａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎｂａｌａｎｃｅａｎｄａｌｓｏｔｗｏｏｆｔｈｅｌａｒｇｅｓｔｕｎｃｅｒｔａｉｎｔｉｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｃｌｉｍａｔｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇａｎｄｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎ ,ｓｏｔｈｅｉｒｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓｂｅｃｏｍｅｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ.Ｌｉｄａｒ (ＬｉｇｈｔＤｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄＲａｎｇｅ)ｉｓ…     

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Ｔｈｅｎｂｕｔａｎｅｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅｉｓｔｈｅｓｍａｌｌｅｓｔｈｙｄｒｏｃａｒｂｏｎｗｈｅｒｅｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎｏｎｅｇｅｏｍｅｔｒｉｃｃｏｎｆｏｒｍｅｒｃａｎｅｘｉｓｔ.Ｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｔｈｅｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｏｆｍａｎｙｓｐｅｃｔｒｏｓｃｏｐｉｃａｎ?..     

Of heat capacity at homologous temperatures for metals showing h.c.p. ⇄ b.c.c. transformation

Some interesting aspects of the temperature dependence of the Planck’s functionφ and heat capacities of metals exhibiting the h.c.p. ⇄ b.c.c. transformation have been brought to light by the use of reduced temperature (T*) and Planck’s function (-φ T*). It has been shown that tangents drawn to the -φ T* vsT* plots of these metals at any chosen value ofT* intersect at a point whose coordinates are defined by the slope and intercept ofφ vs entropy plots at any homologous temperature and the selectedT* value. A generalized expression obtained for the temperature dependence ofφ has been used to demonstrate that the heat capacity of these metals may be visualized to have structural and material components.     

Photolysis and E. S. R. Studies on Triphenylphosphinecarbethoxymethylene

Although several different groups have studied the photolysis of phosphorus ylides, none have utilized e. s. r. to support the postulated decomposition mechanisms. The fundamental question which awaits a definitive answer is which bond breaks first upon photolysis. Tschesche¹ and de Silva² utilizing the ylides (1) and (2) suggested that the carbon-phosphorus double bond was initially broken while Nagao³ using (3) proposed phenyl-phosphorus bond cleavage.     

A. C. conductivity due to intimate pairs of charged defect centres

The influence of the association of charged defects into intimate pairs on a.c. conduction is discussed in the light of the fundamental mechanism being that of the simultaneous hopping of two electrons over the barrier separating two oppositely charged defect centres, the barrier height being correlated with the intersite separation via the Coulomb interaction. The behaviour of chalcogenide glasses is discussed in terms of the present theory, and it is concluded that the existence of two classes of a.c. conductivity behaviour into which these materials generally fall can be simply explained by the predominance of either intimate pairs or non-intimate pairs of charged defect states according to the conditions of preparation.     

威耳逊对云室的实验研究

介绍了C.T.R.威耳逊的主要贡献和发明云室的过程.他由研究水滴的凝结规律入手,不断改进实验装置,拍摄了带电粒子的径迹照片,从而证明了康普顿效应;还分析了威耳逊取得成功的几个重要因素.     

E.S.R. Spectra of the Cyclobutanesemidiones Derived from Three Tricyclo[4. 4. 2. 01,6,]Dodecane-11-OL-12-Ones

The semidione radical anions derived from a variety of alicyclic ketones and α-hydroxyketones have been extensively investigated via esr by Russell and co-workers.¹Studies of the chemistry and spectra of the 1, 2-cyclobutanediones derived from the tricyclo[4. 4. 2. 0^1,6] dodecane-11-o1-12-one system²suggested that an examination of the esr spectra of the related semidiones would be of considerable interest. The recent reports on the esr spectra of cyclobutanes emidione^1cand several substituted cyclo-butanes emidiones^1bfurther prompt this communication.     

凹叶厚朴各部位挥发油成分比较研究

采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)提取凹叶厚朴不同部位的挥发油成分,气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析其组成.结果显示:根鉴定出19个化合物,其中4(14),11-桉叶二烯(26.04％),(1S-顺)-1,4-二甲基-7-(1-甲基亚乙基)-奠(24.94％),石竹烯(9.41％),β-桉叶醇(7.28％)为主要成分...     

W.R. Grove and the fuel cell

Though known these days largely because he invented the fuel cell, Grove also had many other distinguished achievements to his credit. His monumental book On the Correlation of Physical Forces contained all the arguments that led to the enunciation of the first law of thermodynamics. He was also an extremely versatile natural philosopher who was, in addition, well versed in classical literature, particularly the works of the eminent scholars of ancient Greece and Rome. This article touches upon these qualities, but is predominantly concerned with the emergence and modern aspects of the H₂/O₂ fuel cell and its potential for the clean generation of energy.     

Bulk viscous L.R.S. Bianchi type V tilted stiff fluid cosmological model in general relativity

Locally rotationally symmetric (L.R.S.) Bianchi type V bulk viscous tilted stiff fluid cosmological model is investigated. To get the deterministic model of the universe, we have also assumed a condition A=Bⁿ between metric potentials A, B where n is the constant. The behaviour of the model in presence and absence of bulk viscosity and singularities in the model are also discussed. In general, the models represent accelerating, shearing, tilted and non-rotating universe. The models have point type singularity in presence and absence of bulk viscosity both.     

Eliashberg theory for disordered superconductors. II. Tunneling into disordered two-dimensional Pb films

A series ofc-axis oriented YBa₂Cu₃O _x -films with different oxygen content were prepared by laser deposition. The oxygen contentx was determined by X-ray diffraction and by resonant Rutherford-back-scattering (RRBS) measurements. Thec-axis length in these films of YBa₂Cu₃O _x is about 0.5% larger compared to bulk values. We describe transport measurements in magnetic fields up to 7 Tesla between room temperature andT _c in samples with an oxygen content between the orthorhombic-to-tetragonal transition (x6.4) and full oxygenation (x7). The ratio /R _H was investigated with respect to the two-dimensional Luttinger liquid theory and the model of the two-dimensional ionic metal. We report on deviations from the expected quadratic temperature behaviour of /R _H , especially in films with high oxygen content.