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基于遗传算法和二维轴对称磁场有限元模型对高温超导托卡马克装置磁体进行了优化设计。以超导带材使用量最少为优化的目标函数,在给定的背景场设计指标和高温超导带材在50K、不同背景场的临界电流数据下,对磁体物理参数以及运行电流进行优化,得到了托卡马克高温超导磁体在50K温区下的设计方案。 相似文献
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临界电流值是描述Bi2223高温超导带材性能的一个基本参数,在一定的温度条件下,Bi2223高温超导带材的临界电流是带材所在位置磁场大小和磁场方向的函数,其短样的临界电流值可以通过四引线法测量,单根超导带材的自场很小,磁场对临界电流的影响可以忽略.高温超导磁体的临界电流被定义成引发该磁体失超的最小电流,高温超导磁体的自场比单根超导带材的自场要大得多,磁体各个位置的磁场大小和方向各不相同,很难用理论的方法准确计算磁体的临界电流.对于高温超导磁体而言,除了磁场的影响因素以外,绕制磁体所用的超导带材自身的均匀性也是影响其临界电流的一个重要因素.本文对这两个因素进行探讨,并着重讨论高温超导带材自身的均匀性对临界电流大小的影响,本文的结论可以为高温超导磁体的设计、磁体绕制时带材的选择、磁体运行时安全工作电流的确定提供帮助. 相似文献
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Bi2 2 2 3银包套超导带材是研制高温超导磁体和高温超导强电应用的基础。文中就对高温超导磁体最大运行电流有重要影响的 Bi2 2 2 3银包套带材侧向弯曲形变进行了初步探讨 ,就不同的侧向弯曲率对超导带载流能力的影响进行了实验测试 ,并提出了提高 HTS磁体最大运行电流的方法。 相似文献
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在高温超导磁体试验装置设计中,冷却方式有制冷机传导冷却和液氮浸泡冷却两种。制冷机传导冷却是将磁体通过一种热导率高的材料与制冷机冷头相连。该方式为保证绝缘、冷量传递、温场均匀性等指标,对磁体的结构设计要求较高;液氮浸泡冷却是将高温超导磁体浸泡在液氮中,该方式虽然对磁体结构设计要求有所降低,但在试验过程中需定期补充蒸发掉的液氮,试验过程较繁琐。有鉴于此,我们设计了一套利用热虹吸原理的零蒸发液氮浸泡冷却高温超导磁体试验装置,超导磁体吊装在杜瓦上盖板法兰下,液氮浸泡超导磁体,带GM制冷机的液氮再冷凝杜瓦与超导磁体分开,用一根真空绝热管道将两者连接起来,利用热虹吸原理构成自循环系统。 相似文献
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Analysis of the Self-Protection Characteristics of a 1.5T Bitter-Like HTS Magnet Operated at 65K 下载免费PDF全文
We present a conceptual configuration of a high-temperature superconducting(HTS)magnet made from REBCO(Re=Rare Earth,B=Barium,C=Copper,O=Oxide)annular plates,called a Bitter-like HTS magnet,which can operate in persistent current mode without joint resistance and can be excited by a flux pump and without current leads and a persistent power supply.An REBCO annular magnet which can generate 1.5 T corresponding to the operating current density 80%of critical current density of the magnet at an operating temperature of65 K is conceptually designed.Then the thermal stability of the magnet is numerically simulated by Comsol software.Whein a piece of RBCO annular plate quenches,the maximum released energy is its stored energy because each REBCO annular plate in the Bitter-like magnet is in parallel.To calculate the stored energy in the REBCO annular plate,the inductance of every annular plate,including self-inductance and mutual inductance,is calculated.Compared with the minimum quench energy(MQE)and stored energy in one REBCO annular plate,the stored energy in one REBCO annular plate is always smaller than the MQE,and the REBCO annular plate will not be damaged even though the stored energy in the REBCO annular plate is fully released,which indicates that this 1.5 T Bitter-like magnet has the property of self-protection. 相似文献
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M. S. Novikov D. P. Ivanov S. I. Novikov S. A. Shuvaev 《Physics of Atomic Nuclei》2015,78(10):1148-1154
Application of current-carrying elements (CCEs) made of second-generation high-temperature superconductor (2G HTS) in magnet systems of a fusion neutron source (FNS) and other fusion devices will allow their magnetic field and thermodynamic stability to be increased substantially in comparison with those of low-temperature superconductor (LTS) magnets. For a toroidal magnet of the FNS, a design of a helical (partially transposed) CCE made of 2G HTS is under development with forced-flow cooling by helium gas, a current of 20–30 kA, an operating temperature of 10–20 K, and a magnetic field on the winding of 12–15 T (prospectively ~20 T). Short-sized samples of the helical flexible heavy-current CCE are being fabricated and investigated; a pilot-line unit for production of long-sized CCE pieces is under construction. The applied fabrication technique allows the CCE to be produced which combines a high operating current, thermal and mechanical stability, manufacturability, and low losses in the alternating modes. The possibility of fabricating the CCE with the outer dimensions and values of the operating parameter required for the FNS (and with a significant margin) using already available serial 2G HTS tapes is substantiated. The maximum field of toroidal magnets with CCEs made of 2G HTS will be limited only by mechanical properties of the magnet’s casing and structure, while the thermal stability will be approximately two orders of magnitude higher than that of toroidal magnets with LTS-based CCEs. The helical CCE made of 2G HTS is very promising for fusion and hybrid electric power plants, and its design and technologies of production, as well as the prototype coils made of it for the FNS and other tokamaks, are worth developing now. 相似文献
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Experimental and numerical study of the effect of conjugate heat transfer on film cooling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Combined convection heat transfer and thermal conduction for film cooling of a flat plate with 45° ribs on one wall was investigated experimentally and numerically. The flat plate surface temperature was measured using thermochromic liquid crystals. The results show that the film cooling is the main mechanism for the local cooling with a very low thermal conductivity while the convection heat transfer of the coolant in the coolant channel is the dominant heat transfer mechanism for the high thermal conductivity plate, with both film cooling and convection heat transfer by the coolant being important with medium thermal conductivity walls. 相似文献
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对磁体致冷是维持超导态必不可少的条件,由于深低温技术的复杂性和昂贵的造价曾制约了超导磁体应用的推广,其中电流引线是磁体系统最主要热负荷。经历高温超导(HTS)材料20多年的研发,人们认识到产生强磁场的超导磁体仍需运行在30K以下。热导率与不锈钢可比的HTS材料在80K以下可承载电流而无焦耳热,采用HTS电流引线可使超导磁体的致冷运行费和设备投资大幅度降低,操作简便。因此,它是超导磁体扩大应用的助推器。介绍其使用特点和应用举例。 相似文献
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电流引线是室温电源电缆与低温磁体之间的电连接部件.高温超导材料在液氮温度下具有零电阻率和低热导率的特性,用它做成的电流引线可以大大减小低温系统的热负荷,从而减少制冷设备投资及系统运行费.高温超导电流引线可以分为阻性换热器段和高温超导段两部分(其中还包括各部件间的连接部分).高温超导段的分流器设计关系到冷端热负荷大小以及超导段失超后的安全问题.为了研究国际热核聚变试验堆(ITER)电流引线高安全性能,专门设计、试验了68kA引线的1/90实验样品.本文通过对比全CuBe(cu-2%Be)分流器、全不锈钢分流器和二元分流器的失冷故障(LOFA)实验结果,证明二元分流器能够克服安全性和冷端漏热矛盾,可以满足ITER高安全性的要求. 相似文献
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在传导冷却超导磁体系统中,超导磁体与系统其它部分的温度平衡过程是依靠固体间的热传导来实现热量传递的。由于超导磁体和冷屏等低温部件冷却条件的差异,将导致磁体内部各处和冷屏不同部位的温度分布不均匀。分析研究超导磁体系统的低温温度分布状况,对于低温系统的热设计和磁体的温度裕度设计具有重要意义。文中借助于ANSYS有限元分析软件,建立了一个大口径传导冷却超导磁体低温系统的稳态三维热分析模型,仿真了超导磁体和冷屏的空间温度场,得到了传导冷却超导磁体低温系统的热分布规律。该分析结果对于大口径传导冷却超导磁体的低温系统设计具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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超导磁体的场强与超导材料的载流能力、磁体口径和低温环境有密切关系.为了在中高温区域实现高磁场强度的超导磁体,采用国产第二代高温超导带材,成功绕制出内直径为100 mm的高温超导线圈.该超导线圈在77,65,55和46 K不同温区下进行了性能测试,其最大运行电流分别为65,147,257和338 A,对应的中心磁场强度分别为0.78,1.77,3.1和4.08 T.所研制的超导线圈的中平面上磁场基本一致. 相似文献