运用功能梯度结构降低大功率激光系统中镜面热变形的数值分析

 提出一种运用功能梯度结构以有效降低大功率激光系统中镜子温度和镜面热变形以及减缓热应力的新方法。讨论了环形分布和高斯分布2种类型的激光源。有限元分析结果表明，通过这种方法可使硅镜和铜镜的表面热变形成倍降低，并且还能同时显著降低镜体温度。讨论了代表热学和力学性质的函数表达式的斜率对镜面热变形的影响，研究表明：功能梯度结构的热物理对镜面形变产生重大影响，而力学性质对镜面形变的影响非常小。该结论可为具有该功能梯度结构的镜子优化设计和制造提供参考。     

核科学百年讲座第五讲辐射化学与辐射加工

介绍辐射化学和辐射加工的发展与应用，以及基本原理，侧重介绍辐射加工在高分子辐射交联改性、食品的辐照处理和医疗用品消毒等方面的应用．     

红外探测系统的激光辐照热效应仿真分析

为研究红外探测系统受激光辐照后的热效应与二次热辐射对探测器成像的影响,使用Ansys软件对红外探测器进行热辐射仿真和有限元结构仿真;采用黑体辐射定律和DO辐射计算模型模拟计算探测器内光学系统在不同激光辐照度下的温度随时间变化情况以及探测器内部温升对靶面成像的二次热辐射干扰情况;采用热弹性力学模型仿真计算探测器内部的热应力和热变形情况。结果表明:探测器受到1.06μm激光照射,矫正镜激光辐照度在50 W/cm²时,靶面受到二次热辐照度在0.6 s时达到100μW/cm²的量级,使红外探测器达到饱和;探测器受激光辐照后系统最高温度出现在矫正镜中心处,拟合得到系统最高温度与受照时间函数关系,可预测探测器升温结构破坏;最大热变形出现在矫正镜背面中心处,由外向内形成不等附加光程差,干扰探测器的成像效果;最大热应力出现在矫正镜前面中心处,得到最大热应力与激光辐照度间的线性关系曲线,为矫正镜热应力破坏提供预测参数。     

高能量密度激光器腔镜有限元分析

 通过对高能量密度激光器运行过程中腔镜存在的表面及背面吸收热量的有限元分析,得出腔镜表面在不同吸收热流密度和约束条件条件下热变形分布。指出提高腔镜反射率,改变腔镜的基底材料以及优化腔镜的约束条件是显著降低腔镜反射面变形的有效途径。     

等效腔法研究低损介质镜的反射特性

利用多光束干涉原理的等效腔模型对四分之一波长多层介质镜进行了研究。证明在反射镜中心频率ωo附近，形为ρ(ω)exp[iψ(ω)]的反射系数中的ρ(ω)等于ρ(ω)，ψ(ω)与频率成正比。求得了在介质具有微弱吸收情况下，吸收引起的四分之一波长镜反射下降和反射时延的表达式，研究了反射率下降以及反射时延与膜层数目的奇偶性的关系。在此基础上还引入了一个具有一定普适性的权重因子，通过这个权重因子可以定量描述镜子中各层对多层介质镜反射率下降、反射时延等重要特性的影响。     

单层锰原子的手征磁有序

一只光滑的铁环放在镜子前，它的像与铁环本身完全一样，不可区分。然而，将我们的右手放在镜子前，镜中的像将不同，它像是我们的左手。自然界中有许多现象涉及“前进”与“旋转”方向二者的关系，他们被称为是“手性的”，或“手征”。在讨论电磁感应时，我们区分“右手定则”和“左手定则”；在沃森和克里克的DNA双螺旋结构示意图（1953年4月25日发表）中，     

大口径天文薄镜面磨制试验

介绍了采用薄镜面主动支撑技术来加工大口径天文薄镜面的试验情况。试验镜为一弯月型球面反射镜．直径为Ф1035mm,镜面曲率半径为3220mm,径厚比约为40：1。在磨制过程中,有55个分离支撑点支撑存镜子背面。支撑点的位置与支撑力的大小通过有限元分析计算确定,其中3个为固定支撑点．另外52个为主动支撑点。每个支撑点位置设置了力促动器,调节力促动器加力的大小。可以主动改正镜面的低频误差。加工后最后达到的面形精度：λ=632．8nm,面形误差(RMS)小于等于λ／21．5,局部高频误差(RMS)小于等于λ／23。试验证明所采用的方法适合于大口径天文薄镜面的加工。     

基于微扫描镜的激光投影

利用微机械加工技术制造出一种新型微扫描镜,结合半导体激光器,可用于投影显示.激光器发出的光束被两个分别沿着X轴、Y轴扭转的镜面相继反射,扫描出二维图形.实验测得扫描镜在15 V电压,频率为扫描镜谐振频率2倍的方波信号驱动下,镜子的光学扫描角度达±12°.由于每个镜子都沿各自轴以简谐规律扭转,扫描所得投影为李萨如图形.通...     

大型轻质反射镜加工支撑状态的有限元分析研究

根据大型轻质镜加工过程中的受力情况 ,用有限元对镜子进行静力学分析和计算。分别计算了镜子的自重、磨盘正压力、磨盘剪切力等对镜面变形的影响情况。根据镜面变形规律设计了一系列支撑结构 ,最终确定了符合面形质量要求的支撑结构。     

纳米科学技术—面向21世纪的新科技

９０年代初，一门全新的科学技术即纳米科学技术在世界范围内出现．纳米科学技术是以许多现代先进科学技术为基础的多学科技术，它包括纳米材料学、纳生物学、纳电子学和纳机械学等．在此，纳米不仅意味着其空间尺度，而且提供了一种新的思考方式，也就是利用越来越小的精细技术生产出所需要的产品．纳米科学技术最终目标是直接操纵单个原子和分子制造具有特定功能的产品．纳米科学技术将成为下个世纪最重要的高技术．     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...