配体间相互作用研究: 氨基酸与二肽配体形成 质子复合物的稳定性

用pH电位滴定法测定了苯丙氨酰亮氨酸(PL)与甘氨酸(Gly)、丙氨酸(Ala)、缬氨酸(Val)、亮氨酸(Leu)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)在离子强度为0.1mol/L(NaNO~3),(25.0±0.1)℃时形成质子复合物的稳定常数,并对苯丙氨酰亮氨酸与六种氨基酸相互作用体系进行了量子化学和分子力学计算。从配体间弱相互作用的观点,讨论了二肽配体对氨基酸分子的识别。结果表明,二肽与氨基酸配体间的结合主要受到配体间静电、氢键作用的控制,同时受到范德华力和键间排斥能等弱相互作用的影响。     

298.15 K甘氨酰二肽在乙酸钠水溶液中的体积性质

测定了298.15 K三种甘氨酰二肽(甘氨酰甘氨酸、甘氨酰-L-缬氨酸和甘氨酰-L-亮氨酸)在0.5, 1.0, 1.5和2.0 mol•kg－1乙酸钠水溶液中的密度, 计算了这些肽在乙酸钠水溶液中的表观摩尔体积, 标准偏摩尔体积, 标准偏摩尔转移体积, 理论水化数和体积相互作用参数. 结果表明: 甘氨酰二肽的标准偏摩尔体积和标准偏摩尔转移体积均随乙酸钠浓度的增加而增大, 溶液中离子与肽带电基团/甘氨酰基团(CH2CONH)之间的相互作用大于离子与肽的非极性基团间的相互作用, 乙酸钠和甘氨酰二肽之间主要是对相互作用. 利用共球交盖模型对所研究的肽与乙酸钠之间的体积相互作用进行了解释. 利用氨基酸的标准偏摩尔体积值, 对二肽的标准偏摩尔体积进行了估算, 发现计算值与实验值一致.     

配位化合物中配体分子间的弱相互作用

配合物分子内和分了间的弱相互作用是从配位化学到超分子化学的桥梁，本文混配配合物中的配体间相互作用与其稳定性的关系入手，讨论了配合物中可能存在的各类非共价作用情况及其影响因素，关重讨论了配合物分子间的弱相互和与超分子化学的关系。     

高效液相色谱手性固定相的研究V——二肽叔丁酰胺型手性固定相拆分α-氨基酸、二茂铁基氨基酸及二肽衍生物对映异构体

本文应用高效液相色谱(L,L)-二肽叔丁酰胺型键合硅胶手性固定相拆分N-乙酰基-α-氨基酸甲酯、N-乙酰基-β-二茂铁基丙氨酸乙酯及N-叔丁氧羰基亮氨酰亮氨酸甲酯等对映异构体、结果表明:部分固定相对氨基酸衍生物对映异构体有拆分效果;大部分固定相对二茂铁基丙氨酸衍生物对映异构体有较好拆分效果;所有固定相对由(D,D)-及(L,L)-亮氨酰亮氨酸衍生物构成的外消旋体均有良好的拆分效果,分离系数最高达1.79。本文对部分化合物对映异构体的拆分机制进行了初步探讨。     

对氯化三甲铵基苯甲氧酰氯的合成及其用作水溶性氨基保护基团

由对二甲胺基苯甲醛(1)合成了对氯化三甲铵基苯甲氧酰氯(5a),并从而制备了苯胺,对溴苯胺、对乙酰胺基苯胺、甘氨酸、甘氨酸甲酯、甘氨酸乙酯、甘氨酸苯甲酯和L-亮氨酸甲酯的酰胺衍生物。考察了这个保护基的氢解特性。使用这个保护基在含水介质中合成了甘氨酰甘氨酸和甘氨酰-L-亮氨酸两个二肽。     

5-氟尿嘧啶短肽的合成及其抗肿瘤活性研究

5-氟尿嘧啶乙酸对-硝基苯酯和5-氟尿嘧啶丙酸对-硝基苯酯分别与三种二肽反应,制备了五个5-氟尿嘧啶二肽(4 a-e)。以5-氟尿嘧啶的氨基酸对-硝基苯酯(2 a-c)分别和三种二肽反应,制得四个5-氟尿嘧啶三肽(5 a-d)。产物经元素分析、NMR、IR和UV鉴定。初步动物试验表明:5-氟尿嘧啶丙酰甘-苯丙二肽,5-氟尿嘧啶乙酰甘-甘-苯丙三肽和5-氟尿嘧啶乙酰缬-亮-甘三肽对小白鼠移植性艾氏腹水癌有一定的抑制作用。     

高效液相色谱手性固定相的研究Ⅴ——二肽叔丁酰胺型手性固定相拆分α-氨基酸、二茂铁基氨基酸及二肽衍生物对映异构体

 ]本文应用高效液相色谱(L，L)-二肽叔丁酰胺型键合硅胶手性固定相拆分N-乙酰基--氨基酸甲酰、N-乙酰基--二茂铁基丙氨酸乙酯及N-叔丁氧羰驶基亮氨酰亮氨酸甲酯等对映异构体、结果表明：部分固定相对氨基酸衍生物对映异构体有拆分效果；大部分固定相对二茂铁基丙氨酸衍生物对映异构体有较好拆分效果；所有固定相对由（D，D）-及（L，L）-亮氨酰亮氨酸衍生物构成的外消旋体均有良好的拆分效果，分离系数最高达1.79。本文对部分化合物对映异构体的拆分机制进行了初步探讨。     

锌(Ⅱ)-芳香氮碱-氨基酸三元配合物中的配体间疏水缔合作用

用pH-电势法研究了锌(Ⅱ)-芳香氮碱(Ar)-氨基酸(Aa) 三元配合物在溶液中的稳定性,其中Ar为2,2'-联吡啶或1,10-邻菲咯啉,Aa为甘氨酸,丙氨酸,缬氨酸, 亮氨酸,苯丙氨酸和色氨酸,以稳定性数据为探针,结合^1H NMR谱的研究, 讨论了在上述某些三元配合物中可能发生的分子内配体间疏水缔合作用. 计算了这些配合物分子的异构化平衡常数及平衡时闭式分子的百分率.结果表明,在含有芳香侧基的氨基酸配体的三元配合物溶液中,闭式异构体已成为配合物的主要存在形式,初步研究了溶剂对配体间疏水缔合作用的影响     

高效液相色谱手性固定相的研究Ⅴ——二肽叔丁酰胺型手性固定相拆分α-氨基酸、二茂铁基氨基酸及二肽衍生物对映异构体

]本文应用高效液相色谱(L，L)-二肽叔丁酰胺型键合硅胶手性固定相拆分N-乙酰基--氨基酸甲酰、N-乙酰基--二茂铁基丙氨酸乙酯及N-叔丁氧羰驶基亮氨酰亮氨酸甲酯等对映异构体、结果表明：部分固定相对氨基酸衍生物对映异构体有拆分效果；大部分固定相对二茂铁基丙氨酸衍生物对映异构体有较好拆分效果；所有固定相对由（D，D）-及（L，L）-亮氨酰亮氨酸衍生物构成的外消旋体均有良好的拆分效果，分离系数最高达1.79。本文对部分化合物对映异构体的拆分机制进行了初步探讨。     

配位化合物分子内配体间的疏水缔合作用——Ⅲ.镉(Ⅱ)/ATP/氨基酸体系

应用 pH-电位滴定法测定了水溶液中 Cd(ATP)(Aa)^3-(ATP^4-为腺苷三磷酸根,Aa^-分别为丙氨酸 ala^-、蛋氮酸 met^-、苯丙氨酸 phe^-和色氨酸 trp^-)型混合配体配合物及相应的单配体配合物在离子强度为 KNO₃0.10 mol/L,温度为37℃时的稳定常数.混配配合物的稳定性与氨基酸配体的关系为 trp^->met^->phe^->ala^-.从分子内配体间的弱相互作用角度对促成上述序列规律进行了讨论.     

Acid-base thermochemistry of gaseous aliphatic α-aminoacids

Acid-base thermochemistry of isolated aliphatic amino acids (denoted AAA): glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine and proline has been examined theoretically by quantum chemical computations at the G3MP2B3 level. Conformational analysis on neutral, protonated and deprotonated species has been used to identify the lowest energy conformers and to estimate the population of conformers expected to be present at thermal equilibrium at 298 K. Comparison of the G3MP2B3 theoretical proton affinities, PA, and ΔH(acid) with experimental results is shown to be correct if experimental thermochemistry is re-evaluated and adapted to the most recent acidity-basicity scales. From this point of view, a set of evaluated proton affinities of 887, 902, 915, 916, 919 and 941 kJ mol(-1), and a set of evaluated ΔH(acid) of 1433, 1430, 1423, 1423, 1422 and 1426 kJ mol(-1), is proposed for glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine and proline, respectively. Correlations with structural parameters (Taft's σ(α) polarizability parameter and molecular size) suggest that polarizability of the side chain is the major origin of the increase in PA and decrease in ΔH(acid) along the homologous series glycine, alanine, valine and leucine/isoleucine. Heats of formation of gaseous species AAA, AAAH(+) and [AAA-H](-) were computed at the G3MP2B3 level. The present study provides previously unavailable Δ(f)H°(298) for the ionized species AAAH(+) and [AAA-H](-). Comparison with Benson's estimate, and correlation with molecular size, show that several experimental Δ(f)H°(298) values of neutral or gaseous AAA might be erroneous.     

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric study of encapsulation of amino acids by cyclodextrins

Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry has been used to study inclusion (host-guest) complexes of cyclodextrins (CDs) with amino acids. Host-guest complexes formed in solution are stable for characterization by ESI mass spectrometry: The relative abundances and the stoichiometry of the complexes formed in solution can, thus, be determined in the gas phase. The studies verified that β- and γ-cyclodextrin better accommodate protonated amino acids than α-cyclodextrin, and that chemically modified cyclodextrins such as heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD) may show profound improvement in complexation. The preferential formation of DM-β-CD-aromatic amino acid over DM-β-CD-aliphatic amino acid complexes is confirmed by the experiments, and the relative gas-phase stabilities determined by repeller-collimator collision-induced dissociation show an identical trend to the complexation in solution. Although molecular mechanics studies also may predict the encapsulation preference of protonated amino acids by cyclodextrins, only small differences in the total complexation energies are obtained because of the inability of the calculations to consider hydrophobic interactions. An experimental approach based on ESI mass spectrometry is, therefore, more reliable in predicting host-guest interactions that involve cyclodextrins and amino acids than the theoretical calculations that employ molecular mechanics models.     

Irving-Williams order in the framework of connectivity index ³χv enables simultaneous prediction of stability constants of bivalent transition metal complexes

Logarithms of stability constants, log K? and log β?, of the first transition series metal mono- and bis-complexes with any of four aliphatic amino acids (glycine, alanine, valine and leucine) decrease monotonously with third order valence connectivity index, 3χv, from Cu2+ to Mn2+. While stability of the complexes with the same metal is linearly dependent on 3χv, stability constants of Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, and Ni2+complexes with the same ligand show a quadratic dependence on 3χv. As Cu2+ complexes deviate significantly from quadratic functions, models for the simultaneous estimation of the stability constants, yielding r = 0.999 (S.E. = 0.05) and r = 0.998 (S.E. = 0.11), for log K? and log β?, respectively, were developed only for Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ complexes with amino acids.     

Properties of fluoroantimonates(III) complexes with amino acids

Crystalline complex fluoroantimonates(III) with amino acids (glycine, β-alanine, DL-serine, DL-valine, L-leucine, and L-phenylalanine) have been prepared. The complexes stability in aqueous solutions has been studied with the cementation method. ¹H NMR studies of aqueous solutions of the amino acids complexes with SbF₃ at pH 1–6 and room temperature are reported. Preparation of polycrystalline metal antimony in aqueous solutions of tetrafluoroantimonates(III) complexes with the protonated amino acids has been demonstrated.     

α-氨基酸在水-乙醇中羟基质子化热力学

α 氨基酸为重要的两性物质 ,其酸碱性质对于维持生物体内的酸碱平衡和蛋白质的生物活性起着十分重要的作用．α 氨基酸在纯水溶剂中的质子化反应热力学性质已进行了广泛的研究［１ -６］,但对球形蛋白来说 ,蛋白亚基间的作用是处在一个大量但不完全由水组成的非水环境中 ,因此 ,研究氨基酸在水 有机物混合溶剂中的质子化热力学性质具有重要意义．但这方面的工作 ,特别是用量热法直接研究溶剂对质子化焓变的影响开展得不多．本文选择乙醇和水组成的混合溶剂模拟蛋白质亚基所处的介质环境 ,利用精密微量流动热量计测定２９８．１５Ｋ时甘氨…     

[80]Fullerene–amino acid interactions: Theoretical insights

This work reports the interactions of a C₈₀ fullerene species with the 20 naturally occurring amino acids. As a result of the analysis of multiple configurations, we have determined that the most stable C₈₀ complexes form with thiol containing amino acids. The stabilities of the resulting complexes have been classified according to biochemical classifications that are used to develop trends among the calculated data. The computed trends in the dissociation energies are related to the backbone structure of the corresponding amino acids. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010     

The kinetic method reveals secondary deuterium isotope effects on the proton affinity and gas-phase basicity of glycine and alanine methyl esters

The kinetic method for measuring proton affinities (PA) and gas-phase basicities (GB) was applied to the methyl esters of simple amino acids. The experiments show that the GB and PA values for deuterium labeled glycine methyl ester are indeed greater than that of the corresponding unlabelled glycine methyl ester. The PA of -Ala-OCD₃ is also slightly greater than that of the unlabeled alanine methyl ester. The secondary isotope effects originate, as shown by density functional theory, in differences in zero-point energies and thermal-energy corrections between H and D-bearing molecules.     

Protonation of glycine and alanine: proton affinities, intrinsic basicities and proton transfer path

Proton affinities and intrinsic basicities for nitrogen and oxygen protonation in the gas phase of the amino acids glycine and alanine were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio methods at different levels of theory from Hartree-Fock (HF) to G2 approximations. All methods gave good agreement for proton affinities for nitrogen protonation for both amino acids. However, dramatic differences were found between DFT, MP4//MP2, and G2 results on one hand, and MP4//HF results on the other to the calculation of structural and energetic characteristics of oxygen protonation in glycine and alanine. An investigation into the source of these differences revealed that electron correlation effects are chiefly responsible for the differences in calculated oxygen proton affinities between the various methods. It has been found that proton transfer between nitrogen and oxygen protonation sites in both amino acids occurs without a transfer path barrier when correlated methods were used to calculate the path energetics.     

Equilibrium studies on binary and ternary Cu(II) complexes containing ethylenediaminediacetic acid and a series of O?-O?, N-O? and N-N donor ligands

The formation constants for ternary metal complexes (MLA) where L = ethylenediaminediacetic acid (EDDA), M = Cu(II) and A = glycine, alanine, leucine, serine, threonine, methionine, proline, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine, aspartic acid, ethylenediamine, histamine, 2,2′-bipyridyl, 1,10-phenanthroline, imidazole, oxalic acid, malonic acid, pyrocatechol and nitropyrocatechol have been investigated by pH-metric method at 35°C andμ = 0.2 M (KNO₃). With respect to the donor atoms on ligand A, the stabilities of the ternary complexes increase in the order O⁻-O⁻ < N-O⁻≈N-N. The stabilities of the various ternary complexes decrease with the increasing number of carboxylate groups on the ligand in the order ethylenediamine (EN) < ethylenediamine monoacetic acid (EDMA) < EDDA. Various factors influencing the formation and stabilities of ternary complexes are discussed.     

Neutral and zwitterionic glycine.H(2)O complexes: A theoretical and matrix-isolation Fourier transform infrared study

The H-bond interaction between glycine and H2O has been studied by a combined theoretical (DFT(B3LYP)/6-31++G(**)) and experimental (matrix-isolation FT-IR) methodology. The 1:1 and 1:2 complexes of the most stable conformation (I) of glycine appear to be neutral complexes which have been vibrationally characterized in detail. The higher stoichiometry complexes (glycine).(H2O)n with n larger than 3 are demonstrated to be zwitterionic H-bonded complexes. A set of characteristic IR absorption bands for this zwitterionic structure has been observed in low-temperature Ar matrices. This would be the first experimental IR evidence for proton transfer occurring between the NH2 and COOH groups of amino acids by a H-bonded water molecular channel in isolated conditions.