有机双自由基体系的磁性偶合规律

采用量子化学从头算UHF方法对系列有机双自由基体系的基态自旋耦合规律进行研究, 进一步证实了自由基之间在共轭体系中出现铁磁性耦合的拓扑规则,统一了关于自由基耦合规律的几种解释, 为有机磁性材料的实验合成提供了理论指导。     

双自由基间苯体系铁磁分子设计

采用量子化学从头算UHF方法对不同组成的双自由基及其异构体进行了系统比较,进而对系列双自由基体系的基态自旋耦合规律进行了研究,并讨论了具有空间位阻的顺反异构现象对双自由基自旋耦合的影响。对以双自由基为基础的有机铁磁体的合成具有指导意义。     

邻、间、对-二甲氧基亚甲基苯及衍生物双自由基体系的自旋耦 合规律

采用量子化学abinitio法对具有甲氧基的碳、氧双自由基邻、间、对二甲氧基亚甲基苯及衍生物体系基态自旋耦合规律进行研究,得到非平面共轭体系中自由基之间磁性耦合的拓朴规则:共轭体系中,两个自由基之间以偶数个碳原子耦合,则有效交换积分J~i~j<0,体系具有低自旋基态;两个自由基之间以奇数个碳原子耦合,则J~i~j>0,体系具有高自旋基态。自由基性质对自旋耦合的影响较大,正离子自由基间磁性耦合能力较强,这些结论为有机磁性材料的分子设计与实验合成提供了理论依据。     

对嘧啶的邻、间、对位双自由基体系的自旋耦合规律的研究

采用量子化学abinitio法和密度泛函方法对不同取代位置的嘧啶自旋耦合规律进行研究 .两种方法比较 ,用UHF方法计算导致自旋污染严重 ,而用UB3LYP方法计算 ,自旋污染则减少了许多 .计算结果得到了双自由基之间磁性耦合的拓扑规则 :共轭体系中 ,两个自由基之间以偶数个碳 (或氮 )原子耦合 ,则有效交换积分Jij<0 ,体系具有低自旋基态 ,表现为反铁磁耦合 ;两个自由基之间以奇数个碳 (或氮 )原子耦合 ,则有效交换积分Jij>0 ,体系具有高自旋基态 ,表现为铁磁耦合 .自由基性质和铁磁耦合单元的不同位置对自旋耦合的影响较大 ,这些结论为有机磁性材料的分子设计与实验合成提供了理论依据 .     

双卡宾、双氮宾体系基态自旋的从头算研究

采用量子化学从头算UHF方法, 对平面型双卡宾及双氮宾体系的基态自旋情况进行研究。结合前面的分析结果, 进一步探讨了多自由基体系基态自旋的耦合规律, 为有机磁性体的分子设计提供了可靠的理论依据。     

2,2′-联吡啶同自旋双自由基的量子化学研究

采用量子化学ab initio方法,讨论了2,2′-联吡啶同自旋双自由基体系构象变化对铁磁耦合的影响.结果表明,在各种构象下,体系的磁性耦合符合自旋极化规则;对于·CH2,·NH2+两种自由基磁性耦合性质是相同的,只影响到体系磁性耦合的强度,这一结论为有机磁性材料的分子设计提供了有益的信息.     

2,2'-联吡啶同自旋双自由基的量子化学研究

采用量子化学abinitio方法,讨论了2,2'-联吡啶同自旋双自由基体系构象变化对铁磁耦合的影响。结果表明,在各种构象下,体系的磁性耦合符合自旋极化规则;对于·CH2,·MH2^+两种自由基磁性耦合性质是机同的,只影响到体系磁性耦合的强度,这一结论为有机磁性材料的分子设计提供了有益的信息。     

咪唑氧自由基分子NLO性质的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT) UB3LYP方法, 在6-31g(d)水平上对2,2’-(1,2-乙炔基-4,1-亚苯基)双[4,4’,5,5’-四氢]咪唑氧自由基分子及其异构体的自旋耦合性质进行分析, 并结合有限场(FF)方法计算它们的非线性光学(NLO)系数, 以探讨咪唑氧环在共轭链不同位置时体系的自旋耦合规律和NLO系数. 结果表明, 所有体系基态自旋符合自旋极化规则, 它们的极化率随自旋多重度的增加而减小; 一阶超极化率因受分子对称性影响, 对称性不同其一阶超极化率的变化也不同; 二阶超极化率呈现随着自旋多重度的增加而增加的趋势. 从理论上探讨这些自由基分子自旋耦合规律与NLO活性的关系, 为有机自由基NLO材料的分子设计与实验研究提供一定的理论依据.     

以喹啉为耦合单元双自由基体系的理论研究

设计用4种自由基自旋中心连接在耦合单元喹啉的不同位置上的双自由基体系,用AM1-CI方法计算的结果表明:双自由基连接的位置不同对体系耦合作用的影响符合双自由基之间磁性耦合的拓扑规则,即共轭体系中,两个自由基之间以偶数个C(或N)原子耦合,体系具有低自旋基态,表现反铁磁耦合;两个自由基之间以奇数个C(或N)原子耦合,体系具有高自旋基态,表现铁磁耦合.当双自由基连接在喹啉的相邻奇数个C或N原子位置时,体系具有高自旋基态,表现铁磁耦合.     

有机铁磁体氮氧自由基模型的从头算研究

本文利用从头算UHF及MP微扰方法研究了氮氧自由基与其邻近的共轭原子的磁性耦合情况,并且通过从头算UHF方法对一系列共轭型的氮氧双自由基体系基态自旋的研究,得出了氮氧自由基之间在共轭体系中出现铁磁性耦合的拓扑规则。基于上述计算结果及规则,我们提出了几种有机铁磁体的氮氧自由基模型,并设想了可能的合成途径。此外,利用UHF-CO法研究了其中一种模型的电子结构,结果表明这一模型是一种有希望的有机铁磁体。     

Renner-Teller vibronic analysis for a tetra-atomic molecule. I. The effective Hamiltonian and matrix elements

The effective vibronic Hamiltonian for a linear tetra-atomic molecule in a Pi state has been investigated. In addition to the usual vibrational and Renner-Teller coupling terms, the bending mode anharmonicity, spin-orbit coupling, and Fermi resonance interactions have been added to the model. Terms in the Hamiltonian up to the fourth order are given explicitly for molecules of C(infinityupsilon) symmetry and simplifications for symmetric D(infinityh) molecules are discussed. The matrix elements for the HCCS free radical have been obtained and are used to analyze the observed ground-state levels of HCCS and DCCS in a companion paper. The Sears resonance vibronic interaction that couples levels with the selection rules DeltaK=+/-1, DeltaSigma=-/+1, and DeltaP=0 has also been studied and the matrix elements derived. The determinable combinations of signs for the major parameters in the model are discussed.     

Iodine substituted phosphorus corrole complexes as possible photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy: Insights from theory

The search for new dyes to be used as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a field of great interest from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints. In this study, the main photophysical properties (excitation energies, singlet-triplet energy gap, and spin orbit coupling matrix elements) of some unsubstituted and iodine substituted phosphorus corrole complexes have been determined by using density functional theory and its time-dependent formulation. Results show that these compounds can be proposed as photosensitizers in PDT. The heavy atom effects have been rationalized on the basis of El-Sayed rules.     

Carbon-13 NMR studies of monohydroxylated and monochlorinated derivatives of Z- and E-p-menthanes

J(¹³C¹H) coupling constants for some methyl- and aminopyrimidines have been determined by ¹³C NMR. Both the one-bond and long-bond and long-range coupling constants follow general trends which can be summarized in a few simple rules. In particular, the ³J(C-i,H) coupling constants between a ring carbon C-i and the ring protons are larger than the ²J(C-i,H) coupling constants. The opposite is observed for the couplings between the ring carbons and the methyl protons: ³J(C,Me). These general rules are very useful for the assignment of resonances in complex ¹³C spectra of pyrimidines and seem to be valid for other 6-membered aromatic nitrogen heterocycles. Furthermore, the additivity of substituent effects on ¹J (CH) for monosubstituted pyrimidines allows the estimation of ¹J (CH) for polysubstituted pyrimidines with a very good accuracy.     

角动量耦合与原子光谱项

介绍了量子力学中两个角动量耦合的通用方法,并从角动量守恒的观点分析了原子光谱项的推导基础。     

Absolute configuration of chiral [2.2]paracyclophanes with intramolecular charge-transfer interaction. Failure of the exciton chirality method and use of the sector rule applied to the cotton effect of the CT transition

Optically active 4,7-dicyano-12,15-dimethoxy[2.2]paracyclophanes have been separated by chiral HPLC and their absolute configurations determined by comparison of the experimental and the theoretical VCD spectra. X-ray crystallographic structures for both diastereomers are also reported. The electronic circular dichroism spectra of these enantiomeric pairs, as chiral intramolecular charge-transfer complexes, have been obtained for the first time. The exciton coupling method, usually used for determining the absolute configuration of chiral molecules, however, did not give a correct prediction for the present CT-paracyclophane system. Instead, empirical sector rules for the signs of the Cotton effects of the CT transition can be applied for the assignment of the absolute configuration.     

几种芴衍生物(有机材料增感剂)的13C核磁共振研究

利用FX-60Q脉冲付里叶变换核磁共振波谱仪(磁场强度为14093高斯,观察频率为15.04MH_z)测定了四种劳衍生物的非去偶谱、偏共振谱和质子完全去偶谱。借助于偏共振技术、质子噪声(宽带)去偶、取代基化学位移加合规则以及模式化合物比较,确定了各峰的化学位移和一键、二键及三键偶合常数。实验结果表明,用化学位移和偶合常数的值除帮助识别各峰的归属外,还能推断未知化合物的碳键状态及取代基电负性的大小,对鉴别化合物结构可提供有用的线索。     

The van der Waals one-fluid model for viscosity in Lennard–Jones fluids: Influence of size and energy parameters

This work aims to estimate the limitations of the van der Waals one-fluid (vdW1) approximation in the prediction of the viscosity of Lennard–Jones (LJ) mixtures. To do so, non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations have been performed. Results on mixtures have been compared to those of their equivalent pure fluids (in the sense of the vdW1 model). Several systems (146 configurations) are studied, which are composed of binary and ternary mixtures in various thermodynamic states and for different combining rules. In a first step, deviations induced separately by LJ molecular parameters (size or energy) have been analyzed. It is shown that the vdW1 model is well designed for the energy parameter in every configuration. On the contrary, for the size parameter, deviations induced by this one-fluid approach are shown to be large in dense state and low temperature systems. In a second step, the coupling effects of the LJ size and energy parameters with the mass are studied. It appears that an accurate one-fluid approximation for viscosity should involve a coupling between the mass and the size parameters in its formulation (which is not the case with the vdW1 model) but not between the mass and the energy.     

Gauge invariance of the nuclear spin/electron orbit interaction and NMR spectral parameters

A gauge transformation of the vector potential A(m(I) ), associated to the magnetic dipole m(I) of nucleus I in a molecule, has been studied. The conditions for gauge invariance of nuclear magnetic shielding, nuclear spin/electron orbit contribution to spin-spin coupling between two nuclei, I and J, and electronic current density induced by m(I), have been expressed via quantum mechanical sum rules that are identically satisfied for exact and optimal variational wavefunctions. It is shown that separate diamagnetic and paramagnetic contributions to the properties transform into one another in the gauge transformation, whereas their sum is invariant. Therefore, only total response properties have a physical meaning. In particular, the disjoint diamagnetic and paramagnetic components of nuclear spin/electron orbit contributions to coupling constants are not uniquely defined. The diamagnetic contribution to the nuclear spin-spin coupling tensor, evaluated as an expectation value in the Ramsey theory, can alternatively be expressed as a sum-over-states formula, by rewriting the second-order Hamiltonian in commutator form a? la Geertsen, as previously reported by Sauer. Other sum-over-states formulae are obtained via a gauge transformation, by a procedure formally allowing for a continuous translation of the origin of the m(I)-induced current density, analogous to those previously proposed for magnetizabilities and nuclear magnetic shielding.     

Photoelectron spectroscopic study of the E⊗e Jahn-Teller effect in the presence of a tunable spin-orbit interaction. I. Photoionization dynamics of methyl iodide and rotational fine structure of CH3I+ and CD3I+

The high-resolution single-photon pulsed-field-ionization zero-kinetic-energy photoelectron spectra of the X?(+) (2)E(3/2)←X?(1)A(1) transition of CH(3)I and CD(3)I have been recorded. The spectral resolution of better than 0.15 cm(-1) enabled the observation of the rotational structure. CH(3)I(+) and CD(3)I(+) are subject to a weak E?e Jahn-Teller effect and strong spin-orbit coupling. The treatment of the rovibronic structure of the photoelectron spectra in the corresponding spin double group, C(3v)(2)(M), including the effects of the spin-orbit interaction and the vibrational angular momentum, allowed the reproduction of the experimentally observed transitions with spectroscopic accuracy. The relevant spin-orbit and linear Jahn-Teller coupling parameters of the X?(+) ground state were derived from the analysis of the spectra of the two isotopomers, and improved values were obtained for the adiabatic ionization energies [E(I)(CH(3)I)/hc=76931.35(20) cm(-1) and E(I)(CD(3)I)/hc=76957.40(20) cm(-1)] and the rotational constants of the cations. Rovibronic photoionization selection rules were derived for transitions connecting neutral states following Hund's-case-(b)-type angular momentum coupling and ionic states following Hund's-case-(a)-type coupling. The selection rules, expressed in terms of the angular momentum projection quantum number P, account for all observed transitions and provide an explanation for the nonobservation of several rotational sub-bands in the mass-analyzed threshold-ionization spectra of CH(3)I and CD(3)I reported recently by Lee et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 128, 044310 (2008)].