碘化钾―甲基异丁基甲酮萃取―火焰原子吸收法测定土壤中的痕量铅

土壤样品经微波消解,在优化的条件下,用碘化钾―甲基异丁基甲酮萃取,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其中的铅。结果表明,在盐酸质量分数为1%～2%,萃取时间为2 min,平衡时间为15 min,样品中的铅能被定量萃取。方法检出限为0.1 mg/kg。方法用于土壤标准样品测定,测定值与标准值相符,相对标准偏差为1.2%～1.4%,相对误差为0.8%～2.5%。实际土壤样品的测定结果显示,回收率为99.8%～100.4%。     

具有疑似爆炸性的未知复杂样品分析方法研究

提出了一种综合分析鉴定含有疑似爆炸物的未知复杂多成分样品的方法:依托水分离方法分离样品组份,使不同组分分离到不同样品中,然后对各样品进行X射线衍射分析,对部分疑难样品进行扫描电镜、能谱仪等辅助手段分析。对江苏省某次刑侦案件送检样品进行鉴定,分析出其主要组份为硫磺、硝酸钾、高氯酸钾和铝粉等,含量分别为29.6%,26.7%,18.8%和9.7%等,最终确认样品为铝化炸药。该方法去除了样品的爆炸性,提高了鉴定准确度和定量精度,具有推广使用的价值。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定地球化学样品中的碘

建立了以艾斯卡试剂分解样品,以阳离子交换树脂分离基体中钠和锌,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定地球化学样品中碘的方法。方法经国家一级标准土壤参考样品验证,方法的检出限为0.006 9μg/g、相对标准偏差为3.3%~7.6%和相对误差为-2.3%~4.1%。方法能够满足地球化学样品的分析测定要求。且方法操作简便,测定成本低,分析周期短,适合于批量样品的分析测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定地球化学样品中的碘

建立了以艾斯卡试剂分解样品,以阳离子交换树脂分离基体中钠和锌,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定地球化学样品中碘的方法。方法经国家一级标准土壤参考样品验证,方法的检出限为0.006 9μg/g、相对标准偏差为3.3%~7.6%和相对误差为-2.3%~4.1%。方法能够满足地球化学样品的分析测定要求。且方法操作简便,测定成本低,分析周期短,适合于批量样品的分析测定。     

两种水产品中农药多残留分析的样品前处理方法及其在111种农药和相关化学品残留同时检测中的应用

建立了两种针对水产品中农药多残留分析的快速样品前处理方法,并将其应用于111种农药及相关化学品残留检测。在样品前处理方法Ⅰ中,样品经丙酮-乙酸乙酯-正己烷(体积比为1∶1∶1)混合溶剂提取,乙腈转溶;在样品前处理方法Ⅱ中,样品用乙腈-水溶液均质,超声波辅助提取,液-液分配。两种方法所得到的提取液分别用Envi-18柱和PSA柱净化后进行气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析。采用选择离子扫描(SIM)方式,外标法定量。该方法简便、快速,在优化的样品前处理条件和GC-MS分析条件下,方法的检出限(S/N=3)为0.001～0.026 mg/kg;在加标水平为0.25 mg/kg时,采用方法Ⅰ时的回收率为72%～113%,相对标准偏差（RSDs）为3.4%～12.1%;采用方法Ⅱ时的回收率为51%～127%(其中回收率为70%～120%的占94%),RSDs为3.2%～13.8%。     

超高效液相色谱/串联质谱法同时测定水、土壤及粪便中25种抗生素

本研究通过超声提取-固相萃取,建立了利用超高效液相色谱/串联质谱同时分析粪便、土壤和水体中25种兽药抗生素的方法,考察了串联SAX小柱对土壤样品和粪便样品的净化效果,以及正己烷提取对粪便样品提取液脱脂的净化效果。实验结果表明:本方法对25种兽药抗生素加标回收率为50.0%~121.9%,相对标准偏差为1.1%~14.7%(n=9);土壤和粪便的方法检出限为0.0002~0.0560μg/kg,水体的方法检出限为0.002~0.28 ng/L;串联SAX强阴离子交换柱后,土壤样品的基质效应降低为75%~160%之间,粪便样品降低为55%~120%之间;粪便样品经正己烷脱脂后,基质效降为55%~120%之间。已将本方法应用于养殖场周边环境介质的检测。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定玉米中玉米赤霉烯酮

建立了反相高效液相色谱法检测玉米中玉米赤霉烯酮的分析方法.该方法的标准曲线回归方程为y=2.97×103 5.23×104ρ(r=0.9998);玉米样品3个水平的加标回收率分别为84.8%,86.7%和89.2%;相对标准偏差分别为4.0%,5.2%和4.4%;加标浓度为50 ng/g的玉米样品日内相对标准偏差为0.69%;玉米样品日间相对标准偏差为2.6%;方法检出限为3.0 ng/g.     

土壤与沉积物样品中多氯联苯总量的气相色谱-质谱法快速分析

建立了土壤和沉积物样品中多氯联苯总量的快速分析方法.样品经加速溶剂萃取,Bond ElutPCB SPE小柱净化后,采用气相色谱-质谱测定多氯联苯的总量,方法的平均回收率为84% ～106%,相对标准偏差为4.2% ～8.4%,多氯联苯总量的方法检出限为2.25 ng/g.该方法快速、灵敏、准确,适用于大部分土壤及沉积物样品中多氯联苯总量的快速筛查分析.     

流动注射氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测定酱油中砷

采用紫外消化技术处理样品 ,流动注射氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测定酱油中砷。方法的检出限为 0 .14ng·ml- 1,线性范围为 0 .80～ 2 4 .0ng·ml- 1,相对标准偏差为 3.5 %～ 8.4 % ,样品加标回收率为 96 .9%～ 10 6 .5 %。方法的灵敏度高 ,选择性好 ,试剂及样品用量少 ,操作方便 ,分析快速 ,每小时可分析 6 0个样品 ,适于推广应用     

基于氧弹燃烧-离子色谱法测定生活垃圾可燃组分中氯和硫的含量

采用氧弹燃烧法对垃圾样品干燥基进行前处理,用碳酸钠(24mmol/L)和碳酸氢钠(30mmol/L)以及过氧化氢(2.5%)为吸收液,并用离子色谱法对其处理后吸收液中氯离子和硫酸根含量进行测定,最后换算为样品中氯和硫的含量。氯和硫酸根质量浓度分别在1～50mg/L与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性相关,其线性相关系数都大于0.999。样品中氯的加标回收率为96.5%～99.1%,硫酸根的加标回收率为92.5%～101%,测定结果中样品的相对平均标准偏差均小于3%(n=5),并用质控样品对方法进行了验证,结果表明样品的前处理方法简单、样品损失少、准确度高,适合于垃圾样品可燃组分中氯和硫含量的测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.