纳氏试剂分光光度法测定烟草样品中总氮含量

烟草中总氮量(以氨态氮计)和其中各种类型的氮化合物含量之间有着密切的相关性,总氮量高的烟叶,往往其他的氮化合物含量亦高。各种氮化合物成分在烟草加工过程中也发生各种复杂的化学变化,直接影响烟叶的品质,因此,总氮量的测定对鉴别烟质好坏具有一定意义。经典的总氮测定方法是     

离子色谱法测定地表水中总氮和总磷

<正>地表水中总氮和总磷含量过高,致使藻类过度繁殖,消耗溶解氧,水体透明度降低,水质甚至恶化至有害的程度,因此准确测定水中总氮和总磷的含量十分必要[1]。碱性过硫酸钾氧化-紫外分光光度法是测定水中总氮的国家标准方法、钼酸铵分光光度法是测定水中总磷的国家标准方法,但是在测定过程中操作繁琐,存在空白值偏高的现象从而影响测定结果的准确度[2-4]。文献[5-8]报道用碱性过硫酸钾消解水样,离子色谱法测定总氮和总磷的含量,     

微库仑法测定石油及其产品中总氮

微库仑法测定石油产品中总氮,已得到广泛应用,有些国家已列为标准方法.为了用同一装置和方法测定性质广泛变化的各种石油及产品中的氮含量,我们又进行了原油、渣油中总氮测定的研究.     

杜马斯燃烧法测定烟草中总氮的含量北大核心CSCD

烟草中总氮的含量对卷烟的感官质量有重要影响,烟草行业标准YC／T161-2002（（烟草及烟草制品总氮的测定连续流动法》^[1]中采用经典凯氏定氮法对样品进行消化,消化过程加入硫酸和氧化汞,存在安全隐患。文献[2]使用过氧化氢替代氧化汞测定烟草中总氮的含量,结果表明：过氧化氢可以替代氧化汞,但消化过程仍需加入硫酸,在400℃下保持80min,仍存在安全隐患。     

中药黄芩中总氮和总磷的测定

采用可见－紫外分光光度法测定了黄芩中总氮和总磷的含量。本法简便，结果准确。     

过氧化尿素的制备及产品中活性氧含量的测定——介绍一个基础化学综合实验

介绍一个基础化学小型综合实验——过氧化尿素的制备及产品中活性氧含量的测定。该实验以尿素和过氧化氢为原料制备过氧化尿素,并对其性质及含量进行鉴定和定量分析。实践结果表明本实验设计合理,可作为基础化学实验课程中的小型综合实验开设。     

国内首台尿素产品在线检测装置问世

<正>将装置安放在尿素传送带的上方,就能实时精确监测出尿素中尿素、缩二脲、水分的含量。我国化肥产品以氮肥为主,占化肥总量的60%,而氮肥中60%以上为尿素。在尿素产品的生产过程中,高温会促使其产生缩二脲,当缩二脲浓度较高时会对作物生长有抑制作用。由于尿素易溶于水、易吸湿结块,因此准确测量尿素、缩二脲、水分三者含量难度较大,而如果测量精度不够,又很难保证尿素产品的品质。传统测定方法操作复杂、耗时长、消耗化学试剂成本高,同时不利于环保,因此发展尿素产品     

离子色谱法测定生活饮用水中总氮和总磷

总氮和总磷都是引起水体富营养化的主要原因,是衡量水质的重要指标之一,也是评定湖泊、水库水富营养化的重要指标。生活饮用水中总氮和总磷浓度过高,致使藻类过度繁殖,水体透明度降低,水质甚至恶化至有害的程度,因此准确测定总氮和总磷的含量十分必要[1]。碱性过硫酸钾氧化-紫外分光光度法是测定水中总氮的国家标准方法[2]、钼酸铵分光光度法是测定水中总磷的国家标准方     

酶法测定水中的尿素含量

利用脲酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶偶联催化尿素水解的原理,通过测定还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸吸光度变化率得出其酶促反应速度,对应不同的尿素浓度制得标准曲线,讨论了ｐＨ值和抑制剂对测定的影响,实测了水样中尿素的含量。     

离子色谱法测定水中总氮

总氮是水和废水监测的重要指标之一,在水体中有机氮和无机氮化合物含量增加,消耗溶解氧,使水体质量恶化引起的水体富营养化,因此,准确测定水体中总氮的含量十分必要[1]。目前,碱性过硫酸钾氧化-紫外分光光度法(HJ 636-2012)是测定水中总氮的国家标准方法,但是在测定过程中操作繁琐,耗时且在运用国家标准方法测定过程中,往往出现校准曲线线性较差,存在空白值偏高的现象,从而影响测定结果的准确度。出现这些问题的原因主要     

国内光催化研究进展简述

分1975~1985, 1985~1995和1995~2012三个时期简要介绍了国内光催化研究进展, 主要侧重于光催化材料及其改性、应用和反应机理方面的研究进展, 并指出了当前光催化领域存在的一些重要问题和未来的发展趋势, 涉及到光解水、CO₂还原、环境净化和选择性有机合成等方面.     

青蒿素研究进展

青蒿素是目前治疗疟疾的特效药。本文对自青蒿素发现以来的最新研究进展进行了比较详尽的综述。内容包括: 青蒿素的发现及历史, 青蒿素的来源, 青蒿素的全合成,青蒿素的生物合成, 青蒿素衍生物以及植物组织培养生产青蒿素。     

Styrol in Polystyrol und in Styrol-Methylmethacrylat-Copolymeren

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

美国化学教育中的科学道德教育

介绍了近年来美国科学界维护科学道德的行动及美国某些大学化学系开设科学道德教育课程的情况     

Interpretation of inorganic arsenic metabolism in humans in the light of observations made in vitro and in vivo in the rat

The toxicity of inorganic trivalent arsenic for living organisms is reduced by in vivo methylation of the element. In man, this biotransformation leads to the synthesis of monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acids, which are efficiently eliminated in urine along with the unchanged form (As_i). In order to document the methylation process in humans, the kinetics of As_i, MMA and DMA elimination were studied in volunteers given a single dose of one of these three arsenicals or repeated doses of As_i. The arsenic methylation efficiency was also assessed in subjects acutely intoxicated with arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) and in patients with liver diseases. Several observations in humans can be explained by the properties of the enzymic systems involved in the methylation process which we have characterized in vitro and in vivo in rats as follows: (1) production of As_i metabolites is catalyzed by an enzymic system whose activity is highest in liver cytosol; (2) different enzymic activities, using the same methyl group donor (S-adenosylmethionine), lead to the production of mono- and di-methylated derivatives which are excreted in urine as MMA and DMA; (3) dimethylating activity is highly sensitive to inhibition by excess of inorganic arsenic; (4) reduced glutathione concentration in liver moderates the arsenic methylation process through several mechanisms, e.g. stimulation of the first methylation reaction leading to MMA, facilitation of As_i uptake by hepatocytes, stimulation of the biliary excretion of the element, reduction of pentavalent forms before methylation, and protection of a reducing environment in the cells necessary to maintain the activity of the enzymic systems.     

Recent Advances in Analytical Methodology for in vivo Electrochemistry in Mammals

Electrochemistry is one of the most advanced techniques for monitoring neurochemical activities in the living brain because electrochemical approaches bear the advantageous features of high spatial and temporal resolutions, which facilitate its tremendous potential in investigating the highly spatially heterogeneous brain system and the fast dynamics of neurochemical activities. On the other hand, since brain is the most complicated organ in the sense of its numerous kinds of neurochemical species, high selectivity is always required for any analytical methods that approach the brain. In this review, we will discuss various electrochemical methodologies to achieve selective detection of neurochemicals in mammalian brain and the strategies developed mainly by our group towards selective monitoring of both electrochemically active and inactive neurochemicals. At the end, we will discuss possible solutions towards brain mapping of neurochemical species and combination of neurochemical detection strategy with electrophysiology as the direction of future development of electroanalysis in living brain.     

Use of NAA in marine environment and in archaeology in Greece

Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is a very sensitive and accurate multielement analytical method that is widely applied to the investigation of environmental and archaeological problems. The first part of this paper is a review of pollution studies of toxic trace elements in sediments, seawater and marine organisms of Saronikos Gulf, Greece by NAA. The second part of this paper is a review of provenance studies based on minor and trace element research in ancient ceramics, obsidian, flint, limestone, marble and lead by Instrumental NAA, performed at the NCSR Demokritos.     

Electrolysis in nanochannels for in situ reagent generation in confined geometries

In situ generation of reactive species within confined geometries, such as nanopores or nanochannels is of significant interest in overcoming mass transport limitations in chemical reactivity. Solvent electrolysis is a simple process that can readily be coupled to nanochannels for the electrochemical generation of reactive species, such as H(2). Here the production of hydrogen-rich liquid volumes within nanofluidic structures, without bubble nucleation or nanochannel occlusion, is explored both experimentally and by modeling. Devices comprised of multiple horizontal nanochannels intersecting planar working and quasi-reference electrodes were constructed and used to study the effects of confinement and reduced working volume on the electrochemical reduction of H(2)O to H(2) and OH(-). H(2) production in the nanochannel-embedded electrode reactor output was monitored by fluorescence emission of fluorescein, which exhibits a pH-dependent emission intensity. Initially, the fluorescein solution was buffered to pH 6.0 prior to stepping the potential cathodic of E(0)' for the generation of OH(-) and H(2). Because the electrochemical products are obtained in a 2:1 stoichiometry, local measurements of pH during and after the cathodic potential steps can be converted into H(2) production rates. Independent experimental estimates of the local H(2) concentration were then obtained from the spatiotemporal fluorescence behavior and current measurements, and these were compared with finite element simulations accounting for electrolysis and subsequent convection and diffusion within the confined geometry. Local dissolved H(2) concentrations were correlated to partial pressures through Henry's Law and values as large as 8.3 atm were obtained at the most negative potential steps. The downstream availability of electrolytically produced H(2) in nanochannels is evaluated in terms of its possible use as a downstream reducing reagent. The results obtained here indicate that H(2) can easily reach saturation concentrations at modest overpotentials.