三氮烯试剂的结构与性能关系的研究

为建立三氮烯试剂结构与性能的关系, 我们研究了在非离子型表面活性剂TritonX-100存在下, 上述试剂亚氨基氢的酸性离解常数及镉(II)与上述试剂的显色反应。研究结果表明: (1)三氮烯试剂亚氨基氢的酸性离解常数遵循Hammett方程式, 其反应常数ρ=2.23; (2)试剂的亚氨基氢的酸性离解常数(pKa)与试剂和镉(II)显色反应的最佳酸度(pH最佳)之间的经验关系式为pH最佳=pKa-(1.70±0.20)。     

安替比林基重氮氨基-2,4-二硝基苯及其与镉的显色反应

合成了安替比林基重氮氨基-2,4-二硝基苯(APDNBT)新试剂,并首先研究了它的分析性质及其与镉的显色反应。在TritonX-100存在下,试剂的两级质子离解常数的pKa值分别是0.8和10.8;在pH=10.2～12.0的B-R缓冲溶液中,试剂与镉生成1:2的黄色配合物,呈褪色反应,吸光度差值最大的波长为540 nm,其表观摩尔吸光系数为1.52×10~5L/(mol.cm),线性范围每25mL为0～15μg;方法成功地用于测定地面水中的微量镉。     

毛细管区带电泳法测定3种香豆素的离解常数

采用毛细管区带电泳法(CZE)测定瑞香苷(DN)、瑞香素(DP)和7-羟基香豆素(7-HC)的离解常数(p Ka).通过测试不同酸度条件下各香豆素的迁移时间,以香豆素在电泳中有效淌度和运行液中OH-浓度的关系,推导了毛细管区带电泳-紫外分光光度(CZE-UV)法测定3种香豆素离解常数(p Ka)的线性模型,并建立了这3种香豆素的p Ka测定方法.测得3种香豆素的p Ka值分别是7.43(7-HC)、6.91(DN)和6.86(DP).同时也采用传统方法 -紫外分光光度法对这些物质的p Ka进行测定以验证CZE的可靠性,两种测定结果相一致,说明CZE-UV法用于3种香豆素的离解常数的测定,快速、简便、结果可靠.     

DBC-偶氮胂在水溶液中离解作用的研究

3-(2-胂酸基苯偶氮-6-(2,6-二溴-4-氯苯偶氮)-4,5-二羟基-2,7-萘二磺酸(简称DBC-偶氮胂)可在高酸度下(0.2-1.7NHCl)与稀土元素发生灵敏显色反应,且选择性非常好,前文已报导用该试剂直接光度测定高温合金中微量铈sup>[1]。本文研究了DBC-偶氮胂在水溶液中的离解作用,用pH电位法及分光光度法测定DBC-偶氮胂及各级条件离解常数,结果表明:由于多卤素原子的引入,使试剂更易于质子化;因而离解常数比偶氮胂Ⅲ大。     

薁X-H(X=CH2, NH, O)键离解能取代基效应的理论研究

本文利用UB3LYP/6-311++g(2df,2p)//UB3LYP/6-31+g(d)方法，首次就对位取代薁系列化合物(Y-C10H8X-H)的X-H(X=CH2, NH, O)键离解能进行了理论研究。结果发现，除了6-取代-2-甲基薁，取代基对薁X-H键离解能的效应与苯大致相同。然而，由于薁结构中固有偶极矩与不同取代基的电子效应相互作用，对位取代的羟基薁和氨基薁的反应常数( )变化非常显著。利用GE/RE和SIE理论方法，研究发现虽然基态效应在决定净取代基效应的大小中起了一定作用，但取代基效应主要来源于自由基效应的影响。     

显色剂4-氯-2-磺酸基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯的合成及其与Cd(Ⅱ)显色反应的研究及应用

研究了显色剂 4-氯 - 2 -磺酸基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯 (CSDAA)的理化性质及其与 Cd( )的高灵敏度显色反应。在 Triton X- 1 0 0存在下 ,于 p H 1 0 .6的氨水 -氯化铵缓冲介质中 ,该试剂与 Cd( )形成 3∶ 1的红色络合物 ,最大吸收波长位于 52 1 nm处 ,Cd( )在 0～ 2 0 μg/2 5ml内符合比耳定律 ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 2 .0× 1 0 5,直接用于废水中微量镉的测定 ,结果满意。     

镉的高灵敏显色体系研究及表面活性剂作用机理

本文以2-氯-4-硝基苯重氮氨基偶氮苯(CNDAA)为显色剂, 研究了镉的高灵敏显色体系及表面活性剂的作用机理。研究结果表明: 对于Cd(II)-CNDAA配合物, 非离子型、阴离子型及阴-非混合型表面活性剂对此有显著的增溶增敏作用, 并以Cd(II)-CNDAA-SF显色体系建立了光度法测定微量镉的高灵敏新方法, 并对几种测定方法进行了比较, 筛选出显色条件宽容、选择性好的体系。该体系用于铝合金样品中镉的测定, 结果满意。另外, 还提出了Cd(II)-CNDAA配合物的结构, 对表面活生剂对体系的作用作了描述, 并阐明了试剂的酸性离解常数(pK~a)与显色酸度以及方法的选择性三者之间的关系。     

新有机试剂4-(2-苯并噻唑偶氮)焦棓酚的合成、性能和分析应用

本文以2-氨基苯并噻唑为原料,经重氮化后与焦棓酚偶联合成了4-(2-苯并噻唑偶氮)焦棓酚,用乙醇重结晶精制。并用元素分析、波谱等鉴定了结构。测定了其离解常数和质子化常数。研究了该试剂的一般性质、多配位显色反应,发现其与Mo(Ⅵ)、W(Ⅵ)、Ti(Ⅳ)等的显色反应在CTMAB和CPB等阳离子表面活性剂存在下有高的灵敏度。     

N-(间-取代苯基)氨基乙酸的离解常数

本文研究了N-苯基氨基乙酸中苯环间位不同取代基对氨基酸酸碱强度的影响。将按前文方法制得的N-(间-取代苯基)氨基乙酸乙酯用氢氧化钠水溶液皂化,然后用浓盐酸酸化即得N-间-取代苯基氨基乙酸。在0.1M NaClO_4存在下,于15±0.2,25±0.2,35±0.2℃,用配有231型玻璃电极和甘汞电极的PHS-2型酸度计测定了N-(间-取代苯基)氨基乙酸在30%(体积)乙醇中的离解常数。用氨基酸钠盐测定离解常数的方法业已报道。从所测得的氨基酸表观离解常数(表1)可以看出,如同N-(对-取代苯基)氨基乙酸一样,N-(间-硝基苯基)氨基乙酸(m-NO_2PhG)的pK_1值反而比N-(间-氯苯基)氨基乙酸(m-ClPhG)和N-(间-甲氧苯基)氨基乙酸(m-CH_3OPhG)的大。这是不能用诱导效应来解释的。一般说来,氨基酸具有两性离解的性质,存在下列平衡:     

有机酸性磷酸酯油水分配系数和电离常数的测定及其取代基效应研究

用铁盐分光光度法测定了 1 0个有机酸性磷酸酯的油水分配系数 ,并考察了其取代基效应 (诱导极性效应与空间效应 )。同时报道了有机酸性磷酸酯电离常数 p Ka的测定及 p Ka取代基效应 ,并首次观察到 p Ka测定误差与待测样品浓度之间的关系。     

不对称变色酸双偶氮衍生物与某些非稀土元素的显色反应及其应用研究 Ⅲ:偶氮氯膦-pN与铋(Ⅲ)的β型反应的研究

本文报道铋(III)与不对称变色酸双偶氮衍生物之间的一类特殊反应──β型反应, 研究了试剂分子结构与反应性能的关系, 着重探讨铋(III)与偶氮氯膦-pN的β-型反应行为, 在高氯酸介质中, 铋(III)与上述试剂形成灵敏度很高的稳定β型配合物, λmax=713nm, εmax=9.84×10^4L·mol^-^1·cm^-^1, 并考察了反应酸度、显色剂浓度、有机溶剂(或表面活性剂)、显色温度及显色时间等对反应的影响, 测定了α和β型配合物的组成, 初步探索了α和β型配合物之间相互转化的规律。     

Synthesis and acid-base properties of (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-methyl)phosphonate (Bimp2-). Evidence for intramolecular hydrogen-bond formation in aqueous solution between (N-1)H and the phosphonate group

The synthesis of (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-methyl)phosphonic acid, H2(Bimp)+/-, is described: 2-chloromethylbenzimidazole was reacted with ethylchloroformate to give 1-carboethoxy-2-chloromethylbenzimidazole which was treated with trimethyl phosphite and after hydrolysis with aqueous HBr H2(Bimp)+/- was obtained. In H2(Bimp)+/- one proton is at the N-3 site and the other at the phosphonate group; both acidity constants were determined in aqueous solution by potentiometric pH titrations (25 degrees C; I = 0.1 M, NaNO3) and this furnished the pKa values of 5.37 +/- 0.02 and 7.41 +/- 0.02, respectively. The acidity constant for the release of the primary proton from the P(O)(OH)2 group of H3(Bimp)+ was estimated: pKa = 1.5 +/- 0.2. Moreover, Bimp2- can be further deprotonated at its neutral (N-1/N-3)H site to give the benzimidazolate residue, but this reaction occurs only in strongly alkaline solution (KOH); application of the H_ scale developed by G. Yagil (J. Phys. Chem., 1967, 71, 1034) together with UV spectrophotometric measurements gave pKa = 14.65 +/- 0.12. Comparisons with acidity constants taken from the literature show that this latter pKa value is far too large and this allows the conclusion that an intramolecular hydrogen bond is formed between the (N-1/N-3)H site and the phosphonate group of Bimp2-; the formation degree of this hydrogen-bonded isomer is estimated to be 98 +/- 2%. The general relevance of this and the other results are shortly discussed and the species distribution for the Bimp system in dependence on pH is provided.     

Quantifying the relative contribution of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic environments, and coordinating groups, in the zinc(II)-water acidity by synthetic modelling chemistry

Ligands derived from the tripodal N4 ligand tris(pyridylmethyl)amine ((pyCH2)3N, tpa) of general formula (6-RNHpyCH2)nN(CH2py)(3-n)(R = H, n= 1-3 L(1-3); R = neopentyl, n= 1-3 L'(1-3)) were used to elucidate and quantify the magnitude of the effects exerted by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic environments in the zinc-water acidity of their complexes. The pKa of the zinc-bound water molecule of [(L(1-3))Zn(OH2)]2+ and [(L'(1-3))Zn(OH2)]2+ 1'-3' was determined by potentiometric pH titrations in water (1-3) or water-ethanol (1:1) (1'-3'). The zinc(II) water acidity gradually increases as the number of -NH2 hydrogen bonding groups adjacent to the water molecule increases. Thus, the zinc-bound water of [(L3)Zn(OH2)]2+ and [(tpa)Zn(OH2)]2+ deprotonate with pKa values of 6.0 and 8.0, respectively. The pKa of the water molecule, however, is only raised from 8.0 in [(tpa)Zn(OH2)]2+ to 9.1 in [(bpg)Zn(OH2)]+ (bpa =(pyCH2)2N(CH2COO-)). Moreover, the acidity of the zinc-bound water of several of the five-coordinate zinc(II) complexes with the hydrogen bonding groups is greater than that of four-coordinate [((12)aneN3)Zn(OH2)]2+ (pKa = 7.0). This result shows that the magnitude of the effect exerted by the hydrogen bonding groups can be larger than that induced by changing one neutral by one anionic ligand, and/or even by changing the coordination number of the zinc(II) centre. The X-ray structure of [(L'2)Zn(OH)]ClO4 2' and [(L'3)Zn(OH)]ClO4.CH3CN 3'.CH3CN is reported, and show the neopentylamino groups forming N-H...O hydrogen bonds with the zinc-bound hydroxide. Although, which have hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic groups, have a zinc-bound water more acidic than [(tpa)Zn(OH2)]2+, their pKa is not always lower than that of 1-3. This result suggests that a hydrogen bonding microenvironment may be more effective than a hydrophobic one to increase the zinc-water acidity.     

Speciation of the new ligand di-isopropyliminodiacetoamide with Cu(II) using computational processing and graphical methods

The importance assigned to chelating agents in diverse areas has impelled studies concerning their development as related to metal ions representing a biological concern. The synthesis of di-isopropyliminodiacetoamide (D) is presented in this work. The acidity constant obtained for D was pKa = 5.79 +/- 0.04 with the aid of program SUPERQUAD. The equilibrium constants for D with Cu(II) were obtained with the aid of program SQUAD for CuD2+ and CuD2(2)+ species giving log beta1 = 4.795 +/- 0.002 and log beta2 = 8.374 +/- 0.004, respectively.     

Acid-base properties of the nucleic-acid model 2'-deoxyguanylyl(5'-->3')-2'-deoxy-5'-guanylate, d(pGpG)3-, and of related guanine derivatives

The dinucleotide d(pGpG) is an often employed DNA model to study various kinds of interactions between DNA and metal ions, but its acid-base properties were not yet described in detail. In this study the six deprotonation reactions of H4[d(pGpG)]+ are quantified. The acidity constants for the release of the first proton from the terminal P(O)(OH)2 group (pKa = 0.65) and for one of the (N7)H+ sites (pKa = 2.4) are estimated. The acidity constants of the remaining four deprotonation reactions were measured by potentiometric pH titrations in aqueous solution (25 degrees C; I = 0.1 M, NaNO3): The pKa values for the deprotonations of the second (N7)H+, the P(O)2(OH)-, and the two (N1)H sites are 2.98, 6.56, 9.54 and 10.11, respectively. Based on these results we show how to estimate acidity constants for related systems that have not been studied, e.g. pGpG, which is involved in the initiation step of a rotavirus RNA polymerase. The relevance of our results for nucleic acids in general is briefly indicated.     

双烷基膦酸的合成和性质研究

用格氏试剂与三氯化磷反应,继而水解、氧化,合成了3个高位阻双烷基膦酸,发现制备高位阻格氏试剂用叔氯代烷比叔溴代烷效果好;同时还用格氏试剂与亚磷酸酯反应,然后用Todd方法制备了二正辛基膦酸,发现亚磷酸二正丁酯比亚磷酸二乙酯反应效果好。此外,还考察了其1H、¹³C、³¹PNMR和酸电离性质与其取代基结构效应的关系。     

多反应离子的质子转移反应质谱

在无放射性辉光放电离子源内, 采用不同试剂气体进行放电, 为质子转移反应质谱(PTR-MS)新增了强度在10⁵ cps量级的3种反应离子NH₄⁺, NO⁺和O₂⁺, 纯度大于95%; 测试了这3种反应离子的离子-分子反应特征. 采用H₃O⁺, NH₄⁺, NO⁺和O₂⁺等4种反应离子对同分异构体丙醛/丙酮进行检测发现, H₃O⁺和NH₄⁺均不能区分的丙醛/丙酮可采用NO⁺或O₂⁺进行区分. 结果表明, 增加反应离子不仅使PTR-MS的可检测有机物范围不再局限于质子亲和势(PA)大于H₂O的有机物, 还提高了PTR-MS区分同分异构体的能力.     

Varying acidity of aqua ligands in dependence on the microenvironment in mononucleobase (nb) complexes of type cis- and trans-[Pt(NH3)2(nb)(H2O)]n+

Aqua ligands in mixed aqua/nucleobase metal complexes are potential sites of acid-base catalysis and/or, when present as hydroxo ligands, can directly be involved in hydrolysis reactions. pKa values of close to 7 are consequently of particular interest and potential significance. Here we report on the differential acidity of aqua complexes in model nucleobase (nb) complexes of cis- and trans-[Pt(NH3)2 (nb)(H2O)]n+ and discuss reasons as to why the nb in cis complexes influences the pKa (pKa 4.8-7.0), whereas in trans complexes the pKa values are rather constant (pKa approximately 5.2-5.3). The results of DFT calculations of a series of mono(nucleobase) complexes derived from cis-Pt(NH3)2 are critically examined with regard to the role of exocyclic groups of nucleobases in stabilizing aqua/hydroxo ligands through intracomplex hydrogen bond formation. This applies in particular to the exocyclic amino groups of nucleobases, for which gas-phase calculations suggest that they may act as H bond acceptors in certain cases, yet in the condensed phase this appears not to be the case.