氧弹燃烧-离子色谱法测定原油中氯和溴

采用氧弹燃烧法对原油样品进行燃烧,然后用碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠溶液作为吸收液进行吸收,并提出了离子色谱法分离测定原油中氯和溴的含量的方法。以Dionex IonPac AS23型分离柱为离子交换柱,以4.8mmol·L-1碳酸钠-1.0mmol·L-1碳酸氢钠溶液为淋洗液等度洗脱。氯和溴的质量浓度均在0.01～1mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)分别为0.3mg·kg-1与0.7 mg·kg-1。方法用于原油样品分析,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.5%～4.2%之间,回收率在91.8%～109%之间。     

氧瓶燃烧-离子色谱法测定香烟中硫含量

采用氧瓶燃烧法对香烟样品进行燃烧,然后用含有过氧化氢的水溶液吸收释放出来的二氧化硫,并将其转化成为SO42-,过量的过氧化氢通过加热煮沸10min去除。据此提出了用离子色谱法测定香烟中硫含量的方法。用IonPac AS14离子交换柱,以1.8mmol.L-1碳酸钠-1.7mmol.L-1碳酸氢钠溶液为淋洗液等度洗脱。硫的质量浓度在0.02～60mg.L-1之间与峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s)为3.24μg.L-1。方法用于茶叶(GSB-7)标准样品分析,测定值与认定值相一致。硫的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于1%,回收率在99.2%～99.7%之间。     

氧瓶燃烧-离子色谱法测定植株中硫和氯

采用氧瓶燃烧法对样品进行燃烧,然后用0.08mol.L-1碳酸钠-0.01mol.L-1碳酸氢钠-过氧化氢吸收液吸收释放出的氯化氢和三氧化硫,并提出了离子色谱法分离测定植株中硫和氯含量的方法。以Ionpac AS14A(4mm×250mm)离子交换柱,以0.008mol.L-1碳酸钠-0.001mol.L-1碳酸氢钠溶液为淋洗液等度洗脱。硫和氯的方法检出限(3S/N)分别为0.04mg.L-1和0.02mg.L-1。方法用于大米(GSB-1S)、黄豆(GSB-4S)、菠菜(GSB-6S)和圆白菜(GSB-5S)标准样品的分析,测定值与认定值相一致,硫和氯的相对标准偏差(n=5)分别为3.1%和4.2%,回收率分别为97.0%和93.8%。     

氧弹燃烧-离子色谱法测定电子产品中卤素

采用氧弹燃烧法对试样进行燃烧,然后用水作为吸收液进行吸收,提出了离子色谱法分离测定电子产品中卤素含量的方法。以Metrosep A Supp 4型阴离子分析柱为离子交换柱,以1.8mmol·L~(-1)碳酸钠-1.7mmol·L~(-1)碳酸氢钠溶液为淋洗液等度洗脱。3种卤素离子氟离子、氯离子和溴离子的方法检出限(3S/N)依次为4.0,5.6,20.5μg·L~(-1)。该方法已用于电子产品中卤素的测定。     

离子色谱法测定魔芋精粉、虾中亚硫酸盐

魔芋精粉和虾样品经水蒸气蒸馏除去杂质的干扰,在密闭容器中对样品进行酸化,在氮气流的保护下蒸馏,用甲醛溶液吸收释放出的二氧化硫,提出了离子色谱法测定样品中亚硫酸盐含量的方法。以IonPacAS9-HC色谱柱,以8mmol.L-1碳酸钠-2.5mmol.L-1氢氧化钠溶液为淋洗液等度洗脱,用电导检测器测定。亚硫酸盐的质量浓度在6.0mg.L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为4.0mg.kg-1。方法用于魔芋精粉和虾样品分析,回收率在88.1%～98.3%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=8)在1.4%～6.6%之间。     

自动快速燃烧炉-离子色谱法测定煤炭中氯北大核心CSCD

采用自动快速燃烧炉-离子色谱法测定煤炭中氯的含量。优化的试验条件如下:(1)燃烧管进口温度为950℃,出口温度为1 050℃;(2)称样量为10 mg;(3)以4.5 mmol·L^(-1)碳酸钠-1.4mmol·L^(-1)碳酸氢钠混合液为吸收液。以阴离子色谱柱为分离柱,4.5 mmol·L^(-1)碳酸钠-1.4mmol·L^(-1)碳酸氢钠混合液为淋洗液,抑制型电导检测器测定。以PO_4^(3-)作为内标物,氯的线性范围为0.5~20μg·L^(-1),检出限(3S/N)为0.086mg·L^(-1)。方法应用于煤炭标准物质和实际样品的分析,测定值与认定值相符,测定值与国家标准方法的测定结果相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.4%~7.5%。     

自动快速燃烧炉-离子色谱法测定煤炭中氯

采用自动快速燃烧炉-离子色谱法测定煤炭中氯的含量。优化的试验条件如下:(1)燃烧管进口温度为950℃,出口温度为1 050℃;(2)称样量为10 mg;(3)以4.5 mmol·L~(-1)碳酸钠-1.4mmol·L~(-1)碳酸氢钠混合液为吸收液。以阴离子色谱柱为分离柱,4.5 mmol·L~(-1)碳酸钠-1.4mmol·L~(-1)碳酸氢钠混合液为淋洗液,抑制型电导检测器测定。以PO_4~(3-)作为内标物,氯的线性范围为0.5~20μg·L~(-1),检出限(3S/N)为0.086mg·L~(-1)。方法应用于煤炭标准物质和实际样品的分析,测定值与认定值相符,测定值与国家标准方法的测定结果相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.4%~7.5%。     

离子色谱法测定沉积物中氯

采用艾斯卡试剂烧结法对沉积物样品进行分解,用离子色谱法分离测定沉积物中氯含量。以IonPacAG11型保护柱和IonPacAS11-HC型分离柱分离,以25mmol.L-1氢氧化钠溶液为淋洗液等度洗脱。方法的检出限(3s)为8μg.g-1。方法用于黄河三角洲沉积物标准物质(GBW 07343,GBW 07344和GBW 07345)的分析,测定值与认定值相一致。     

离子色谱法测定烟气脱硫石膏中半水亚硫酸钙的含量

用离子色谱法测定了烟气脱硫石膏中亚硫酸根的含量,并以此换算成半水亚硫酸钙的质量分数。半水亚硫酸钙在盐酸和氯化亚锡溶液中转化为二氧化硫,二氧化硫被吸收液吸收。吸收液经0.22μm的滤膜过滤后,分取25μL进样,经AS9-HC型分离柱和AG9-HC型保护柱分离,以8mmol·L-1碳酸钠-2mmol·L-1碳酸氢钠溶液为流动相进行淋洗,采用电导检测器进行检测。亚硫酸盐的质量浓度在1.00~100mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.05mg·L-1。以烟气脱硫石膏样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为97.4%和101%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.35%~1.4%之间。     

离子色谱法测定工业甲酸中4种痕量阴离子

用离子色谱法(IC)测定了工业甲酸中4种痕量阴离子F-、Cl-、NO3-和SO42-。取样品(20.000g)加入100g·L-1碳酸钠溶液0.4mL于水浴上蒸发至干,残渣溶于水中并定容至100mL作为试液供IC测定。将样品蒸干处理可消除甲酸的基体干扰,加入碳酸钠可避免F-及Cl-以氢氟酸及盐酸形式挥发损失。色谱分离时用IonPacTM AG23保护柱和IonPac AS23分离柱,并用4.5mmol·L-1碳酸钠-0.8mmol·L-1碳酸氢钠缓冲溶液作为淋洗液。在所选分析条件下,上述4种阴离子的质量浓度分别在一定范围内与相应峰面积呈线性关系,其检出限(3S/N)依次为0.01,0.02,0.03,0.03mg·L-1。以实样为基体,用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率在96.2%~106%之间。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.