高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分离鉴定绿原酸及其相关杂质

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS)分离和鉴定绿原酸及其相关杂质的方法。采用C18色谱柱(5 μm,4.6 mm×150 mm),乙腈-水（含0.1%甲酸）(体积比为8∶92)为流动相,经HPLC-MS/MS和HPLC-二极管阵列检测器在线检测,对工业绿原酸中的奎尼酸、咖啡酸、绿原酸同分异构体等8个相关杂质的结构进行了鉴定。     

高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法快速鉴定硝苯地平原料药中杂质

利用高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法(HPLC-QTOF MS)对硝苯地平原料药的4种杂质进行了在线的质谱分析。色谱柱为Kromasil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm),流动相为甲醇-水(60:40, v/v),检测波长为235 nm。通过紫外检测器和四极杆飞行时间质谱仪在线检测,分离并检测了硝苯地平及其杂质,获得了它们的紫外光谱和质谱数据;通过比较加合质子的硝苯地平和杂质的准分子离子的碎裂特征,直接推断出了3个杂质可能的结构,其中1个为未知杂质;采用与对照品保留时间和质谱数据的比对,确定了另外1个杂质的结构。实验表明,HPLC-QTOF MS可以快速鉴定硝苯地平中杂质的化学成分。     

天然维生素E制品中杂质的分离与鉴定

利用高效液相色谱、气相色谱-质谱联用与高分辨质谱对天然维生素E制品中的杂质进行了分离分析与结构鉴定。采用正相高效液相色谱法分离天然维生素E的4种异构体及2种杂质,并对杂质馏分进行富集纯化。将气相色谱-质谱联用与高分辨质谱检测相结合,用于获得杂质的结构信息。通过比较杂质精确相对分子质量和解析质谱碎片离子,推断杂质为芝麻素及其同分异构体表芝麻素。经与芝麻素对照品保留时间及碎片离子数据比对,确证了对杂质结构的推断。所建立的杂质鉴定方法快捷、有效,可应用于天然维生素E制品的食品安全控制。     

液相色谱-二极管阵列检测/质谱联用在活性染料结构鉴定中的应用

基于多年运用液相色谱-二极管阵列检测/质谱(HPLC-DAD/MS)联用技术分析活性染料的实验积累,总结了HPLC-DAD/MS联用方法在商品活性染料结构鉴定中的重要应用。商品染料不需要纯化即可通过单次进样达到复杂组分的分离并得到光谱和质谱信息;结合衍生物质量差值法可推定染料的活性基种类和数目;采用二极管阵列检测器的全光谱扫描功能可以得到染料的发色体类别等有用的信息。HPLC-DAD/MS联用方法简便、快速、准确,尤其适用于多组分拼混的商品染料的结构鉴定,有较大的实用价值。通过对多组分商品染料活性灰、活性深黑、海洋蓝中关键组分的结构分析实例,介绍了HPLC-DAD/MS联用分析技术在未知商品活性染料结构分析中的应用。     

二维超高效液相色谱-四极杆/飞行时间质谱法解析替考拉宁杂质

建立了二维超高效液相色谱-四极杆/飞行时间质谱法（2D-UPLC-Q/TOF-MS）对替考拉宁组分分离和杂质结构解析的分析方法,有效地解决了流动相中含不挥发性磷酸盐的色谱系统不适用于液相色谱-质谱快速鉴定替考拉宁杂质的难题。一维超高效液相色谱以Octadecyl silica （ODS） hypersil色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm）进行色谱分离,以3.0 g/L磷酸二氢钠溶液（pH 6.0）/乙腈=9/1 （v/v）为流动相A、3.0 g/L磷酸二氢钠溶液（pH 6.0）/乙腈=3/7 （v/v）为流动相B进行梯度洗脱;二维超高效液相色谱以Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱（50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm）进行脱盐,以0.01 mol/L甲酸铵（pH 6.0）和乙腈为流动相进行梯度脱盐洗脱。质谱在电喷雾离子源、正离子模式下,采用全信息串联质谱（MS^E）模式采集质谱数据,锥孔气流速50 L/h,锥孔电压60 V,离子源温度120 ℃,雾化气流速900 L/h,雾化气温度500 ℃,毛细管电压2500 V,碰撞能量20~50 eV。根据杂质精确质量数及其二级质谱信息推导其结构,并对替考拉宁主要成分TA_2-2的裂解规律进行了推导,发现了2个母核特征离子;对《欧洲药典》10.0收录的10个组分及22个杂质组分进行二级质谱分析,发现了3个新杂质组分。采用该法既可以使用一维超高效液相色谱根据相对保留时间进行组分准确定位,也可以使用二维超高效液相色谱-四极杆/飞行时间质谱二级质谱信息快速、简便、灵敏地对杂质进行结构鉴定,为替考拉宁的质量控制和工艺优化提供了一种新思路。     

七叶一枝花中薯蓣皂苷的分离及结构鉴定研究

本文利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用方法研究了七叶一枝花中的薯蓣皂苷。实验采用高效液相色谱分离了七叶一枝花中的3种薯蓣皂苷;通过与电喷雾质谱联用获得了这几种化合物的分子量信息;再用MS/MS获得了这几种化合物进一步的结构信息。采用此方法可快速分析鉴定从七叶一枝花中分离得到的薯蓣皂苷。     

反相液相色谱质谱法分离鉴定3,4,6,7,9,10-6H-3,3,6,6-四甲基-9-对硝基苯基吖啶-1,8二酮

应用反相高效液相色谱法，分离和鉴定3，4，6，7，9，10－6H－3，3，6，6－四甲基－9－对硝基苯基吖啶－1，8－二酮（化合物Ⅰ），分离系统包括Zorbax SB C18及苯基柱，紫外检测器检测波长为285nm，等比和线性梯度淋洗，液相色谱－质谱联用和光导二极和列检测系统被用来鉴定主要化合物及其它杂质，此方法可达到分离效果好，灵敏度高。     

抗氧剂168的质量控制分析及杂质鉴定

抗氧剂168的质量控制分析及杂质鉴定;抗氧剂168;二叔丁基苯酚;液相色谱-质谱联用;高效液相色谱;紫外-可见光谱     

高效液相色谱法测定庆大霉素C组分的不同检测方式测定结果的比较

各国药典中关于庆大霉素C组分的测定方法均为高效液相色谱法,但检测方式及分离效果不同。为此采用直观推导式演进特征投影法(HELP),对高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测采集的庆大霉素C组分色谱数据进行解析,分辨出各物质的色谱曲线,在扣除了未分离的杂质峰对庆大霉素C1组分的干扰后,对柱前邻苯二醛衍生化-二极管阵列检测法及目前中国药典 2005 版收载的高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测方法测定庆大霉素C组分的准确性进行了比较,并运用柱切换技术,证明二者测定结果的一致性。     

藏药镰形棘豆中2',4'-二羟基查尔酮对照品的制备和鉴定

采用乙醇提取、乙酸乙酯萃取、普通硅胶柱色谱和反相硅胶柱色谱分离纯化2',4'-二羟基查尔酮,采用紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振波谱、质谱等技术鉴定结构,应用薄层色谱法、高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法、高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法、超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法进行纯度检测。结果从镰形棘豆中分离得到纯度大于99.0%的2',4'-二羟基查尔酮。表明该制备方法简便,制备量大,所制得的2',4'-二羟基查尔酮纯度高,可作为镰形棘豆药材及其复方药的质量控制的对照品。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.