基于“HEART”理念的化学实验教学改革研究

为提高实验教学质量,分析当前实验教学存在的问题,创建先进的“HEART”实验教学理念。以此教学理念为指导,开展了化学实验教学体系、教学方法、教学团队、教学质量评价研究。建立了“二渗透、四结合”的实验教学体系,培养了学生的创新精神和实践能力;形成了以学生为中心的快乐实验教学方法,激发了学生实验的积极性和创造性;建立了实验教学质量评价体系,完善激励机制,敦促教师不断提高实验教学能力;建立了柔性的实验教学改革运行机制,形成了教学改革长效机制。     

基于交叉优势特色学科的大学化学创新实验教学体系构建与实践*

以大学化学与农林优势学科交叉融合为教学改革任务,构建“基础+模块”的大学化学实验创新教学体系,分别开展“项目式”教学、“科教融合”教学、“产学研”教学、“混合式”教学、“虚实结合”教学等五位一体的实验教学实践,并建立化学创新实验课程评价新体系。本化学创新实验教学体系改革明显提高了学生的实践动手能力与综合素质,为深入开展化学基础学科与农林优势学科交叉融合教学奠定一定基础。     

大学化学实验教学体系改革

近年来,武汉大学化学实验教学中心对大学化学实验教学体系进行了改革。建立了大学化学实验三个创新教学平台和一个学习园地,提出了14项大学化学实验教学改革措施,形成了新时期的创新教学理念,充分利用社会资源,使实验教学与科研、社会相结合,在培养具有创新能力的复合型人才方面进行了探索。     

提升学生科研创新能力的应用化学专业实验课程教学体系建设

针对专业实验课程教学体系和教学方式进行了改革探索。从化学实验技能培养出发,以学生为主体,建立分层次的实验教学体系和开放的实验教学模式。在夯实学生的基础实验技能基础上,加强综合实验能力训练,逐步培养学生的科学研究意识和科学研究能力。     

信息化背景下的化学实验教学改革与质量监控

以培养应用型人才为目的,以校园信息教育现代化发展为基础,对化学实验教学体系、教学内容、教学手段与教学方法、实验考核与评价方法等方面进行了改革;构建并逐渐完善了化学实验教学的教学质量监控与评价体系,为化学实验教学的顺利实施和实验教学质量的提高提供了保障。     

深化教学改革 促进材料化学课程建设

论述了新兴的交叉学科材料化学课程的改革与建设,将优化课堂教学内容、改进教学方法、丰富教学手段以及增设实验教学几方面相结合,构建课程教学新体系。     

基于SC-CDIO模式高分子材料专业三位一体实验教学体系的构建与实践

在高分子材料专业应用型人才培养中,引入CDIO工程教育理念,突出实验教学的基础性、应用性、综合性和创新性原则,提出和建立了以学生为中心的SC-CDIO工程模式,通过以一级项目为引导,构建三级项目,对高分子材料专业实验实践环节进行整合、优化和设计,构建了高分子材料专业的"一体化,三层次"实验教学体系;依据以学生为中心,教师为主导的原则实施教学,建立了过程性教学质量评价体系。实践证明,该模式有效提高了学生的实验基础技能和综合创新能力,提升了应用型人才培养的质量。     

分析化学实验教学改革探索

针对分析化学实验教学中教学内容设置不当,教学模式"保姆式",教学方法单一等问题,通过改变教学理念、构建新型实验教学体系以及改革实验教学方法等多种措施,提升了学生的实验兴趣,培养了学生的工作责任心和探索精神,提高了学生的应用创新能力。     

面向21世纪构筑高师《化学实验教学研究》课程新教学体系的初步实践

本文是高师化学专业本科生专业基础课程《化学实验教学研究》实施4年教学改革试验的阶段性总结报告,也是高等师范教育面向21世纪教学内容和课程体系改革立项内容之一。针对该课程教学体系的现状,从面向21世纪化学教师培养要求出发,我们提出本课程改革的指导思想：“培养化学实验教学意识,强化实验教学能力,提高素质,发展可持续发展能力。”在此基础上,构筑了本课程新的教学体系（含目标、内容、过程、方法、测评体系）,同时提出新的教学原则和“综合构造”教学模式。     

以能力为导向的近化学类专业实验教学体系建设与实践

以提高学生能力为导向,对近化学类专业实验教学体系进行改革与实践.以“教-学-研”一体化建设为主线、虚拟实验室和开放实验室的建设为抓手、课内外教学结合为手段,分层次、多模块构建了“一主线、两结合、三层次”的实验教学体系.突出理论应用、技能训练与创新能力培养,对实验教学进行教学模式与教学方法改革探索,丰富了实验内容和组织形式,将专业知识、实践技能、综合素养的训练有机结合,更好地体现了重基础、强应用的人才培养目标,初步建立了具有鲜明人才培养特色的实验教学体系.     

国内光催化研究进展简述

分1975~1985, 1985~1995和1995~2012三个时期简要介绍了国内光催化研究进展, 主要侧重于光催化材料及其改性、应用和反应机理方面的研究进展, 并指出了当前光催化领域存在的一些重要问题和未来的发展趋势, 涉及到光解水、CO₂还原、环境净化和选择性有机合成等方面.     

青蒿素研究进展

青蒿素是目前治疗疟疾的特效药。本文对自青蒿素发现以来的最新研究进展进行了比较详尽的综述。内容包括: 青蒿素的发现及历史, 青蒿素的来源, 青蒿素的全合成,青蒿素的生物合成, 青蒿素衍生物以及植物组织培养生产青蒿素。     

美国化学教育中的科学道德教育

介绍了近年来美国科学界维护科学道德的行动及美国某些大学化学系开设科学道德教育课程的情况     

Styrol in Polystyrol und in Styrol-Methylmethacrylat-Copolymeren

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Interpretation of inorganic arsenic metabolism in humans in the light of observations made in vitro and in vivo in the rat

The toxicity of inorganic trivalent arsenic for living organisms is reduced by in vivo methylation of the element. In man, this biotransformation leads to the synthesis of monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acids, which are efficiently eliminated in urine along with the unchanged form (As_i). In order to document the methylation process in humans, the kinetics of As_i, MMA and DMA elimination were studied in volunteers given a single dose of one of these three arsenicals or repeated doses of As_i. The arsenic methylation efficiency was also assessed in subjects acutely intoxicated with arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) and in patients with liver diseases. Several observations in humans can be explained by the properties of the enzymic systems involved in the methylation process which we have characterized in vitro and in vivo in rats as follows: (1) production of As_i metabolites is catalyzed by an enzymic system whose activity is highest in liver cytosol; (2) different enzymic activities, using the same methyl group donor (S-adenosylmethionine), lead to the production of mono- and di-methylated derivatives which are excreted in urine as MMA and DMA; (3) dimethylating activity is highly sensitive to inhibition by excess of inorganic arsenic; (4) reduced glutathione concentration in liver moderates the arsenic methylation process through several mechanisms, e.g. stimulation of the first methylation reaction leading to MMA, facilitation of As_i uptake by hepatocytes, stimulation of the biliary excretion of the element, reduction of pentavalent forms before methylation, and protection of a reducing environment in the cells necessary to maintain the activity of the enzymic systems.     

Recent Advances in Analytical Methodology for in vivo Electrochemistry in Mammals

Electrochemistry is one of the most advanced techniques for monitoring neurochemical activities in the living brain because electrochemical approaches bear the advantageous features of high spatial and temporal resolutions, which facilitate its tremendous potential in investigating the highly spatially heterogeneous brain system and the fast dynamics of neurochemical activities. On the other hand, since brain is the most complicated organ in the sense of its numerous kinds of neurochemical species, high selectivity is always required for any analytical methods that approach the brain. In this review, we will discuss various electrochemical methodologies to achieve selective detection of neurochemicals in mammalian brain and the strategies developed mainly by our group towards selective monitoring of both electrochemically active and inactive neurochemicals. At the end, we will discuss possible solutions towards brain mapping of neurochemical species and combination of neurochemical detection strategy with electrophysiology as the direction of future development of electroanalysis in living brain.     

Recent Advances in in situ multi-spectroelectrochemistry

To consider the past, present and future of in situ spectroelectrochemistry, a review on the recent state of modern spectroelectrochemistry and trends in the development of spectroelectrochemcial techniques is presented for the combined application of different in situ spectroelectrochemcial methods like ESR spectroelectrochemistry, NMR spectroelectrochemistry, Raman spectroelectrochemistry or IR spectroelectrochemistry to electrode systems. Starting with a discussion of the first steps in spectroelectrochemistry in the past, the main part of this review is focused on the advantages of the combined application of spectroelectrochemical techniques in the analysis of electrode reactions. The spectroelectrochemical methods are demonstrated to be successful in electrode reactions both for solid structures like polymers or carbon nanotubes and for molecular structures like fullerenes and oligothiophenes. The final outlook is attributed to future developments in spectroelectrochemistry.     

Trends in education in analytical chemistry

Summary At the session of the WPAC of Fechem on education in analytical chemistry it was concluded that it is now essential to include chemometrics and basic knowledge of computers in all courses on analytical chemistry.

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Tendenzen in der analytisch-chemischen Ausbildung

Zusammenfassung Bei einer Tagung der WPAC über die Lehre auf dem Gebiet der analytischen Chemie wurde bei der Betrachtung neuer Aspekte festgestellt, daß vor allem Chemometrie und Grundkenntnisse in Computertechnik in die Ausbildung aufgenommen werden sollten.

     

Lipoproteine in Humanserum und in Ultrazentrifugaten

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