环氧浸渍材料厚度对高温超导体失超传播特性的影响研究

研究了不同环氧树脂厚度浸渍的 ReBCO 高温超导带材的最小失超能( MQE) 和失超传播速度(NZPV) ,分析了不同环氧树脂厚度对 ReBCO 高温超导带材的最小失超能和失超传播速度随归一化传输电流的关系. 结果表明,ReBCO 高温超导带材的最小失超能随环氧树脂厚度的增加变化很小;ReBCO 高温超导带材的失超传播速度随着环氧树脂厚度的增加而增大.     

局部磁场对高温超导带材失超传播特性的影响北大核心CSCD

本文主要针对YBCO和Bi2223两种高温超导带材,在液氮温区下,测量了局部磁场影响下YBCO和Bi2223的最小失超能(MQE)和失超传播速度(NZPV).根据测量结果,分析了不同强度磁场对两种高温超导带材的最小失超能和失超传播速度随归一化传输电流的变化关系.结果表明,两种高温超导带材的最小失超能都会随着局部磁场的增加而减小;两种高温超导带材的失超传播速度都会随着局部磁场的增加而增加.     

高温超导带材不同焊接接头长度对失超传播特性影响实验研究北大核心CSCD

本文针对目前典型的Bi2223和YBCO高温超导带材,在液氮温区下,测量了不同焊接接头长度对接头处的最小失超能(MQE)和失超传播速度(NZPV);分析了同种带材不同接头长度失超传播速度和最小失超能随归一化传输电流的变化关系以及不同带材相同接头下的变化关系.结果表明,不同接头长度对最小失超能的影响并不大,而随着焊接接头长度的增加,失超传播速度会逐渐减小.     

一种YBCO带材及其单饼线圈的失超传播特性分析

对一种YBCO涂层的高温超导带材及其单饼线圈进行了失超传播特性的实验测试与分析。实验测试在77K温度的液氮环境下进行,给带材通入恒定直流电流,使用加热丝给带材上一点提供脉冲热扰动,主要测量了超导带材及单饼线圈失超传播过程中的最小失超能和失超传播速度。实验结果表明YBCO超导带材及其线圈的失超传播速度随电流升高而增大,最小失超能随电流升高而减小,线圈中径向传播速度要远小于纵向传播速度。     

局部磁场对高温超导带材失超传播特性的影响

本文主要针对YBCO和Bi2223两种高温超导带材,在液氮温区下,测量了局部磁场影响下YBCO和Bi2223的最小失超能(MQE)和失超传播速度(NZPV).根据测量结果,分析了不同强度磁场对两种高温超导带材的最小失超能和失超传播速度随归一化传输电流的变化关系.结果表明,两种高温超导带材的最小失超能都会随着局部磁场的增加而减小;两种高温超导带材的失超传播速度都会随着局部磁场的增加而增加.     

高温超导带材不同焊接接头长度对失超传播特性影响实验研究

本文针对目前典型的Bi2223和YBCO高温超导带材,在液氮温区下,测量了不同焊接接头长度对接头处的最小失超能(MQE)和失超传播速度(NZPV);分析了同种带材不同接头长度失超传播速度和最小失超能随归一化传输电流的变化关系以及不同带材相同接头下的变化关系.结果表明,不同接头长度对最小失超能的影响并不大,而随着焊接接头长度的增加,失超传播速度会逐渐减小.     

液氮浸泡式高性能ReBCO超导带材失超传播特性研究

高性能高温超导带材在大型超导磁体装置上的应用已成为一种趋势,由于存在失超传播速度缓慢、失超检测信号微弱等不足,对失超保护设计提出很大挑战。本文基于液氮浸泡式双保护层的高性能ReBCO带材失超传播特性,采用一维热平衡方程建立失超传播速度的数学模型,通过增加失超源,检测热点温度与电压信号,探究液氮浴环境下的ReBCO带材在传输电流等不同参数下失超传播速度和最小失超能量的变化规律。结果显示:相同条件下,高温超导带材的失超传播速度与传输电流成正相关,最小失超能量与传输电流成负相关,且相比无保护层的普通高温超导带材,具有双保护层的高性能ReBCO临界电流和触发裕度均有提升。     

恒压下Bi2223/Ag带材失超规律研究

高温超导材料的实际应用中其装置两端的电压保持恒定,而现有的研究都是建立在恒流的基础上。基于此,通过建立恒压下Bi2223/Ag高温超导带材的一维失超传播模型,用数值模拟方法研究了Bi2223/Ag高温超导带在恒压作用下的失超传播行为。通过计算给出了Bi2223/Ag带材在恒压下的最小失超能(MQE)、失超传播速度(NZPV)及其变化规律,同时对恒流和恒压两种条件下的失超行为进行了对比,发现恒压下的最小失超能明显小于恒流下的最小失超能,同时恒压下的失超传播比恒流更慢。     

10 MJ超导储能磁体临界电流分布及热稳定性分析

本文介绍了一种由准各向同性股线(Q-IS)和直接堆叠带材导体(STC)绕制而成的高温超导储能磁体。计算了磁体的临界电流,得到了临界电流密度分布,在绝热近似下分析了磁体的最小失超能(MQE)和失超传播速度(QPV)等热稳定性能。结果表明,STC绕制的磁体临界电流更大,而Q-IS制成的磁体临界电流密度分布均匀性具有明显优势,当归一化电流i=0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9时,Q-IS绕制的磁体的MQE分别是STC绕制磁体的1.15、1.22、1.42、3倍。对于失超传播速度(QPV),Q-IS绕制的磁体的仿真值大约是STC绕制磁体仿真值的82%～92%。     

C掺杂MgB2超导线材的失超特性研究

研究了不同芯数(单芯、6芯和12芯)的C掺杂MgB2超导线材的失超特性.在制冷机环境(20K)下测量了C掺杂MgB2超导线材样品在自场下的最小触发能及失超传播速度.实验结果表明,失超传播速度随着工作电流的增大而线性增加.失超传播速度的大小跟测量位置有关,离触发区越近的传播速度越大.单芯样品的最小触发能最小,6芯和12芯线的最小触发能相差不大.最小触发能随工作电流的增加成指数形式衰减.     

Transient stability of AC multi-strand superconducting cables

AC application, it is necessary to estimate the stability of multi-strand superconducting cable. Therefore, we have been studying the transient stability of non-insulated multi-strand cable when one strand in a cable turns into the normal state locally. In the quench process, local temperature rise produced by current redistribution among strands is not desirable for stability. In a previous work, we discussed the effect of Cu matrix allocated to each strand on the transient stability and showed that the Cu matrix allocation can improve the stability of non-insulated multi-strand cable through mainly numerical simulations. In this paper, we carried out experiments on three kinds of non-insulated three-strand cables; one consists of NbTi/CuNi strands and the others consist of NbTi/Cu/CuNi strands having different cross-sectional arrangement. These sample strands have almost the same diameter, the same matrix to superconductor ratio and the same B–J characteristics to evaluate the effect of Cu allocation quantitatively. We choose to define the transient stability in terms of the minimum quench energy (MQE) at each DC transport current. We also investigated the transient stability of sample cables when quench is initiated in two or three (all) strands simultaneously.     

太阳能LED路灯智能控制系统电力控制与负载驱动

实现了太阳能LED路灯综合控制系统中太阳能逆变、蓄电池充电、LED照明组件驱动子系统控制方案与电路设计,并对相关技术进行了分析。逆变子系统采用DC/DC升压与DC/AC逆变分段控制,DC/DC段采用最大功率跟踪(MPPT)稳定输出直流,DC/AC段采用电压外环电流内环控制并结合无功功率检测反馈和电流前馈控制的综合控制技术。蓄电池充电子系统采用分段充电策略与控制技术来保证电池组充分充电,避免蓄电池被过充以确保蓄电池能够长周期稳定工作。最后通过对各种白光LED驱动方案的比较,确定了白光LED最佳驱动方案为恒电流驱动脉宽调制(PWM)控制亮度。     

Comparison of 1D, 2D and 3D quench onset simulations

Measured and simulated minimum quench energies (MQE) for short samples are doubtful when estimating disturbance tolerance of an impregnated superconducting magnet. If measurements are performed at liquid cryogen, the cooling provided by the cryogen causes MQE to be high. At a conduction-cooled system, the transverse heat conduction is neglected causing low MQE. Even though these conditions can be artificially brought closer to the ones in an impregnated magnet, it is difficult to estimate by short-sample measurement the MQE of a superconducting coil. These similar difficulties are present at simulations. On the other hand, 1D and 2D measurements and simulations can be used, e.g., to compare wires or consider effect of insulation layer thickness, but according to the results only in a rough quantitative way. In this paper, we compare MQE and normal zone propagation velocity simulations of an MgB₂ wire with 1D, 2D and 3D finite element method models to focus on the different results given by the models employing different dimensions.     

Influence of DC external magnetic field on AC transport current loss of HTS tape

We measured the AC transport current loss of Bi 2223 multifilament Ag-sheathed tape under DC external magnetic field of 0–0.2 T. There were discrepancies between the measured data and Norris' formula for elliptical model in the range of low value of I_p/I_c (I_p and I_c are peak of the AC transport current and critical current of the tape respectively), while without DC background field, the loss of the tape was close to Norris' formula. Theoretically speaking, even with the DC background field and decreased critical current the AC transport current loss of the tape follows Norris' formula which is derived from the Bean model. When DC background field is applied to the HTS tape, n value of the power law E–J characteristics decreases together with the decrease of J_c. Dependence of the AC transport current loss on the n value was analyzed by numerical calculation. The results show that the loss depends on the n value and that decrease of the n value is one of the causes of the discrepancies between the measured data and Norris' formula.     

Analysis of the Self-Protection Characteristics of a 1.5T Bitter-Like HTS Magnet Operated at 65K

We present a conceptual configuration of a high-temperature superconducting(HTS)magnet made from REBCO(Re=Rare Earth,B=Barium,C=Copper,O=Oxide)annular plates,called a Bitter-like HTS magnet,which can operate in persistent current mode without joint resistance and can be excited by a flux pump and without current leads and a persistent power supply.An REBCO annular magnet which can generate 1.5 T corresponding to the operating current density 80%of critical current density of the magnet at an operating temperature of65 K is conceptually designed.Then the thermal stability of the magnet is numerically simulated by Comsol software.Whein a piece of RBCO annular plate quenches,the maximum released energy is its stored energy because each REBCO annular plate in the Bitter-like magnet is in parallel.To calculate the stored energy in the REBCO annular plate,the inductance of every annular plate,including self-inductance and mutual inductance,is calculated.Compared with the minimum quench energy(MQE)and stored energy in one REBCO annular plate,the stored energy in one REBCO annular plate is always smaller than the MQE,and the REBCO annular plate will not be damaged even though the stored energy in the REBCO annular plate is fully released,which indicates that this 1.5 T Bitter-like magnet has the property of self-protection.     

AC-induced DC voltage in HTS coil

The interplay between AC and DC currents in a High-T_c Superconducting (HTS) coil, made of multifilamentary silver-sheathed Bi-2223 tape, was investigated. We observed that the application of a small sinusoidal current in the frequency range of 50–500 Hz into the coil, while it is already carrying a DC current in the range of 16–22.5 A, caused an increase in the coil DC voltage. The DC voltage increment due to the AC signal is found to increase linearly with frequency and quadratically with amplitude. The DC voltage increment increases as the coil current grows towards its critical value of 22.2 A. This result may be important in some power applications such as fault current limiters (FCL) and superconducting magnet energy storage (SMES) based on HTS coils.     

Measuring transport current loss of BSCCO/Ag tapes exposed to external AC magnetic field

BSCCO/Ag tape superconductors are developed for electrical power applications at liquid nitrogen temperatures. In these applications, e.g., superconducting transformers and power cables, an AC transport current and an AC magnetic field are present at the same time. A set-up to measure the influence of external AC magnetic field on the transport current loss, i.e., the voltage drop across a sample supplied with an AC transport current, has been developed. The magnetic field can be applied both parallel and perpendicular to the broad side of the tape conductor. An increase of the transport current loss due to the external AC magnetic field is observed. When a DC external magnetic field is applied the increase of the self-field loss can be described well by the decrease of the critical current due to the magnetic field. In the case of an AC external magnetic field this is only a minor effect. For magnetic field amplitudes higher than a certain threshold value the transport current loss is described reasonably well by the self-field loss and a dynamic resistance contribution calculated from the DC voltage–current relation in AC magnetic field.     

Charge recombination mechanism to explain the negative capacitance in dye-sensitized solar cells

Negative capacitance(NC) in dye-sensitized solar cells(DSCs) has been confirmed experimentally. In this work, the recombination behavior of carriers in DSC with semiconductor interface as a carrier's transport layer is explored theoretically in detail. Analytical results indicate that the recombination behavior of carriers could contribute to the NC of DSCs under small signal perturbation. Using this recombination capacitance we propose a novel equivalent circuit to completely explain the negative terminal capacitance. Further analysis based on the recombination complex impedance show that the NC is inversely proportional to frequency. In addition, analytical recombination resistance is composed by the alternating current(AC) recombination resistance(Rrac) and the direct current(DC) recombination resistance(Rrdc), which are caused by small-signal perturbation and the DC bias voltage, respectively. Both of two parts will decrease with increasing bias voltage.     

Critical current measurement in superconducting rings using an automatic inductive technique

A measurement technique was developed to identify the critical current of superconducting rings. It is based on the detection of the voltage on a secondary coil when the current induced in the superconductor by a primary one go beyond to the critical value. The technique uses a DC power supply to control the AC current circulating by the primary circuit. Such circuit mainly consists on an AC power supply which gives a constant AC voltage, a primary inducting coil and a control coil with iron core. The AC current circulating by this circuit is modified with the change in the impedance of the control coil due to the fact of the DC current supplied by the power supply in parallel with it.