CCD-ICP-AES内标法同时测定化肥中12种有害元素

研究了采用CCD-ICP-AES同时测定化肥中As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mo、Ni、Pb、Sb、Se和Zn等12种有害元素的方法.采用微波消解法处理样品,加入Y作为内标,消除了化肥基体对测定结果的干扰效应.方法对化肥中各元素的测定回收率在81.6%～120%之间,测定精密度在0.7%～13.8%之间.用该法测定了两种国家标准物质.     

氯化铵除锑-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定锑矿石中的金

正锑矿主要以辉锑矿存在,经常与金、银、钨、汞、铁、镍等元素伴生,对于部分有价值的金属,工业上要求综合利用[1]。准确测定锑矿石中金的含量,可以为矿石的综合评价和冶炼提供有力的参考。目前,锑矿石中金的常规分析方法有原子吸收光谱法[2-3]、氢醌还原滴定法[4]和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法[5]等。这些方法测定锑矿石中金的含量时易造成结果偏低,主要原因是在试样分解制备过程中,锑容易水解,水解后的锑化合物容易吸附     

氢化物-原子吸收法测定铅、锌、锡原矿和精矿及黄铁矿、铁矿石中微量锑

有色金属矿物及其精矿中微量锑的测定,一般采用孔雀绿-苯萃取光度法,此法灵敏度高、精密度好,但干扰元素多,分离手续繁,而且苯对人体有害。近年来有应用硼氢化钠还原发生氢化物-原子吸收法测定水质、土壤、农作物、岩石和硅酸盐中锑的报导。本法研究了氢化物-原子吸收法测定铅、锌、锡原矿和精矿以及黄铁矿、铁矿石中微量锑的诸条件,考察了上述矿物中常见的35种共存元素的影响。采用碘化钠预还原,以克服锑价态不同可能产生的影响。方法简便、快速、灵敏度、     

X射线荧光光谱法测定钨单矿物及钨矿中的钨、锰、铁和铌

钨单矿物及钨矿中钨及其伴生元素的分析历来都采用化学法。Harris等指出:钨的比色法可靠性较差,而重量法手续冗长,成本亦高。他们在比较了各种分析手段的基础上,选定X射线荧光光谱法进行测定。笔者采用熔样法,加入适量的钡和钽作重吸收剂,并以钽作钨的内标,无须借助于数学法校正基体效应,成功地进行了钨单矿物、钨精矿及钨中矿中钨、锰、铁和铌的多元素同时测定。方法简便、快速且成本低,其准确度和精密度均可与化学法相比。     

HNO3—KClO3—NH4Cl分解（NaPO3）6掩蔽碘量法测定矿石中铜

测矿石中铜,矿样的溶解和干扰元素的消除,常以硝酸氧化、硫酸冒烟及用氟化物掩蔽干扰.而硫酸烟雾和氟化物对环境和操作人员健康都会带来不良影响.本文采用HNO_3-KClO_3饱和液溶解矿样后,加NH_4Cl蒸干破坏氮的氧化物,用六偏磷酸钠代替氟化物掩蔽大量铁、钙、镁、铝等干扰元素,以碘量法测定矿石中铜.此法简单快速、精密度高.对于一般矿石及选冶中间产品中铜的测定,均能得到满意结果.平均回收率大于99% ,相对标准偏差小于1.5%,既保留碘氟法的优点.又减少对环境的污染.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定硫化物矿石中的铜铅锌

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法同时测定硫化物矿石中Cu、Pb、Zn三种元素的方法,取代了传统的四酸(HCl+HNO3+HClO4+HF)溶样法,采用简单的盐酸和硝酸溶解矿石,大大缩短了分析时间。选择干扰少且灵敏度高的谱线作为待测元素的分析谱线,采用左右两点扣背景的方法校正光谱干扰和基体匹配方法消除物理干扰,用GBW07162和GBW07163等不同种类的国家一级标准物质进行精密度和准确度实验,测定结果的相对标准偏差都在10%以内,测定结果都在标准值的误差范围内,符合地质矿产开发的要求。     

ICP-OES内标法同时测定纺织品中砷、锑、铅等9种可提取元素

建立了ICP-OES内标法同时测定纺织品中砷、锑、铅、镉、铬、钴、铜、镍、汞等9种有害元素的检测方法.采用钇(Y)作为内标添加物,有效补偿了酸性汗液中钠元素造成的背景干扰.结果表明:砷、锑、铅、镉、铬、钴、铜、镍、汞等9种元素的谱线强度与其浓度在(0.03～0.30)～10 mg/L范围内均具有良好的线性关系,检出限分...     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜阳极泥中锑

铜阳极泥是铜电解精炼时落于电解槽底的泥状细粒物质,为不溶性残渣,其成分复杂,常含有铜、硒、银、金、铅、碲、锑、铋、砷等多种元素,是提取银、金、铂族等有价金属的重要原料。铜阳极泥中锑的含量较高,常用硫酸铈滴定法测定锑量,由于共存元素多,体系复杂,且碲等元素干扰严重,终点不明显,检测结果重现性较差;若将锑与干扰元素分离,     

1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚-碘化钾萃取比色测定微量锑

据文献记载,1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(简称PAN)已用于多种金属的光度测定,但迄今为止,尚未见用于锑的测定。 PAN与锑不能直接反应生成有色络合物。但在强酸介质中,三价锑与碘化钾及PAN能生成红色三元络合物。因为反应迅速、灵敏度高、选择性好、用有机溶剂萃取时有色络合物极稳定,可用于锑的光度测定。本文研究了萃取比色测定锑的适宜条件:如萃取酸度,试剂的用量以及干扰元素等。当用于测定矿石中微量锑时,结果良好。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定纯铜及铝青铜中微量锑

用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定了铜及铝青铜中微量锑。通过试验确定了石墨炉分析条件,试验了各种无机酸以及铜合金中共存元素的干扰,并制定了分析方法。该法取0.2克试样以10毫升硝酸(1+1)溶解,稀至50毫升按设定程序进行测定。本法灵敏度高,可以用于直接测定铜合金中0.0005%以上的微量锑,精密度、准确度均好,可用于标准物质分析和日常分析。     

碘酸钾滴定法测定铜阳极泥分银渣中的锡

建立了碘酸钾滴定法测定铜阳极泥分银渣中锡的含量。通过硝酸溶解,过滤除铜,还原铁粉置换分离锑、铋、砷等元素,消除了铜阳极泥分银渣中的铜、锑、砷等杂质元素对锡测定的干扰。方法加标回收率在99.7%~100%。精密度实验结果表明,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)小于1.1%。操作过程简单,能满足生产的需要。     

The production of methylated organoantimony compounds by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis

Cultures of the fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis were grown in antimony-rich media. Although volatile compounds of other elements were readily detected in the culture headspace, volatile antimony compounds were formed irreproducibly and at only ultratrace levels. In order to monitor the media for nonvolatile methylantimony compounds, a method of sample preparation was developed, based on solid-phase extraction. This enabled the separation of large quantities of soluble inorganic antimony species from trace amounts of organoantimony compounds before speciation by HG–GC–AAS. By this methodology methylated antimony compounds were detected at concentrations of 0.8– 7.1 µg Sbl⁻¹ in all media in which S. brevicaulis was grown in the presence of antimony(III) compounds. These methylantimony species were not detected in any of the nonliving or medium-only controls. Methylated compounds were not detected where S. brevicaulis was grown in the presence of antimony(V) compounds. This is the first study to show that antimony(III) compounds are biomethylated by S. brevicaulis under aerobic-only growth conditions. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determination of Trace Elements in Super Alloy by ICP-MS

 A method is described for determination of 14 trace elements in super alloy certified reference material. Inconel 718 by ICP-MS. The interferences were investigated in detail. By using appropriate settings of the operational parameters and correcting interferences the elements without interference free isotopes were also analyzed. Non-spectral interference to the analytes was studied. No matrix separation or any other sample pretreatment but acid dissolution was made. 14 trace elements (B, Sc, Ga, Ge, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Hf, Ag, Ce, Tl, Pb and Bi) were analyzed by matrix matched standard solution calibration and using Rh as internal standard. Good agreement was achieved between the found levels and the certified values for most of the elements. The RSD (n = 4) of the determination values of Ce was lower than 20%, and RSD of the other 13 elements was lower than 10%. Received July 21, 2000. Revision May 29, 2001.     

Determination of Trace Elements in Arsenic and Antimony Minerals by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and k0-Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis After Removal of As and Sb

The content of trace elements in arsenic and antimony minerals from the Allchar mine, Macedonia, was determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) and k₀-instrumental neutron activation analysis (k₀-INAA) after removal of arsenic and antimony. Their direct determination by ETAAS or k₀-INAA in arsenic (realgar and orpiment) and antimony (stibnite) minerals is limited by strong matrix interferences from As and Sb. Successful elimination of both elements was realized by the extraction of their iodide complexes into toluene. It was found that the optimal conditions were triple extraction of arsenic into toluene from 6mol·L^–1 HCl with addition of KI. Triple extraction of antimony was most successful in the system 4.5mol·L^–1 H₂SO₄ and KI into toluene. In both cases, trace elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) were then detected in the aqueous phase by ETAAS. The proposed procedures with ETAAS were checked by the method of standard additions and Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn determined in realgar, orpiment and stibnite. Using k₀-INAA the trace elements Ba, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hg, Sc, Tb, Th, U and Zn in realgar and orpiment were determined before and after As and Sb removal from the same aliquot of sample. The removal of both elements with KI into toluene was higher than 99.8% and no losses of trace elements were observed.     

Contents of arsenic, mercury and other trace elements in Napoleon's hair determined by INAA using the k0-method

Two samples of Napoleon's hair were received for determination of arsenic, mercury and other trace elements by INAA. Before sample irradiation, the hairs were washed following the IAEA washing procedure. Two standard reference materials of GBW09101 (human hair) and NIST/SRM1572 (citrus leaves) were analyzed along with Napoleon's hair for quality control. Standardization was conducted by applying the k ₀-method implemented in the program MULTINAA. The contents of arsenic and mercury as well as three additional elements chromium, antimony and zinc in Napoleon's hair are reported. Compared to the present normal levels, all of the determined elements in Napoleon's hair, except the mercury, are found to be irregular.     

Slurry Sampling Electrothermal Vaporization Combined with ICP-AES for Direct Analysis of Environmental Samples

In this article, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) slurry was used as a chemical modifier for direct determination of trace elements in environmental samples by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ETV-ICP-AES) with slurry sampling. The vaporization behaviors of the analytes in slurry and solution were comparatively studied in the presence of PTFE. The main influence factors for this method were examined. Under the optimum operating conditions, the precision of this method was better than 7% with the detection limits varying from 1.7 ng mL^?1 (Cu) to 203 ng mL^?1 (Zn). The proposed method has been applied to the direct determination of the trace elements in camphor tree leaves and standard reference material (the combined sample of branch and leaf of shrub, GBW 07603) with satisfactory results.     

Determination of trace concentrations of antimony by the introduction of stibine into an inductively-coupled plasma for atomic emission spectrometry

A simple, rapid and sensitive method is described for the determination of trace concentrations of antimony by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry with hydride generation. Hydrochloric acid (1 M) is the best medium for stibine generation, but antimony(III) is also effectively reduced to stibine in 1 M malic acid or 0.5 M tartaric acid, whereas antimony(V) gives no significant signal in either of these acids. This permits the differential determination of Sb(III) and Sb(V). Most of the inter-element interference effects can be minimized by thiourea, bur standard additions are recommended for accurate determinations. Thiourea is also effective in prereducing Sb(V) to Sb(III). The detection limit is 0.19 ng Sb ml^?1 and the calibration graph is linear up to 100 μg ml^?1. The r.s.d, at 1 and 100 ng Sb ml^?1 are 3.8 and 2.1%, respectively. The method is applied to copper metal and to speciation of antimony in waste water.     

Simultaneous square wave anodic stripping voltammetric determination of Cr, Pb, Sn, Sb, Cu, Zn in presence of reciprocal interference: application to meal matrices

An analytical procedure for simultaneously determining chromium(VI), lead(II), tin(II), antimony(III), copper(II) and zinc(II) by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) in matrices involved in foods and food chain as wholemeal, wheat and maize meal is described.The digestion of each matrix was carried out using a concentrated HCl–HNO₃–H₂SO₄ acidic attack mixture. Dibasic ammonium citrate buffer solution pH 6.5 was employed as the supporting electrolyte. The voltammetric measurements were carried out using, as working electrode, a stationary hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) and a platinum electrode and an AgAgClKCl_sat electrode as auxiliary and reference electrodes, respectively. The analytical procedure was verified by the analysis of the standard reference materials Wholemeal BCR-CRM 189, Wheat Flour NIST-SRM 1567a and Rice Flour NIST-SRM 1568a.For all the elements in the certified matrix, the precision as repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation (s_r) was of the order of 3–5%. The accuracy, expressed as relative error (e) was generally of the order of 3–6%, while the detection limits were lower than 0.123 μg/g.In the presence of reciprocal interference, the standard addition method considerably improved the resolution of the voltammetric technique.Once set up on the standard reference materials, the analytical procedure was transferred and applied to commercial meals sampled on market for sale. A critical comparison with spectroscopic measurements is also discussed.     

Selective determination of trace arsenic and antimony species in natural waters by gas chromatography with a photoionization detector

Traces amounts of arsenic and antimony in water samples were determined by gas chromatography with a photoionization detector after liquidnitrogen cold trapping of their hydrides. The sample solution was treated with sodium hydroborate (NaBH₄) under weak-acid conditions for arsenic(III) and antimony(III) determination, and under strong-acid conditions for arsenic(III+V) and antimony(III+V) determination. Large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water vapor obscured determination of arsine and stibine. Better separation from interference could be achieved by removing CO₂ and water vapor in two tubes containing sodium hydroxide pellets and calcium chloride, respectively. The detection limits of this method were 1.8 ng dm^?3 for arsenic and 9.4 ng dm^?3 for antimony in the case of 100-cm³ sample volumes. Therefore, it is suitable for determination of trace arsenic and antimony in natural waters.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定血液中30种微量元素

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法定量测定血液中微量元素的方法.采用微波消解进行样品前处理,在硝酸-双氧水混合体系中消解后稀释,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定全血中铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)、银(Ag)、钡(Ba)、锡(Sn)、镍(Ni)、钴(Co)、钒(V)、锑(Sb)、铊(Tl)、汞(Hg)、锰(Mn)、钼(Mo)、硒(Se)、铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)、钍(Th)、钛(Ti)、铝(Al)、砷(As)、铁(Fe)、钙(Ca)、镓(Ga)、锶(Sr)、锂(Li)、镁(Mg)、铍(Be)、钠(Na)和钾(K)元素的含量.对样品前处理过程和仪器工作参数进行了优化,通过内标校正法降低基体效应.结果表明,上述元素相关系数R^(2)均大于0.9998,检测精密度为0.142%~12.856%.方法简单、准确、快速,可精确测定全血中多种微量元素的含量,为全血中元素含量的测定提供了高效可靠的分析手段.