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1.
计算了球形均匀D-3He先进燃料靶惯性约束聚变(ICF)的燃耗和增益。讨论了这种堆系统的能量平
衡。设计了一种新型的由毛细管阵列组成具有抗辐射损伤、可自动更新的液态金属锂自由表面多孔湿壁,用它取
出聚变能。同时与D-T热核燃料靶系统的燃耗和增益及它们不同的堆工程特性作了比较。 相似文献
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叙述了低温等温情况下,重力和界面张力平衡的激光惯性约束聚变靶丸内表面液氢层分布的Young-Laplace(YL)方程.为了得到靶丸壳内连续液氢层分布的有效解,考虑了液体与固体(衬底)分子间的London-van der Waals力以及该力的迟滞影响.计算结果表明,只有在靶丸内部引力为零或者固体液体分子间的London常量为无穷大时,才能得到等温环境中有均匀厚度的连续液氢层.
关键词:
温度 相似文献
4.
S. Yu. Gus’kov N. V. Zmitrenko V. E. Sherman 《Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics》2013,116(4):673-679
Variants of a target with a solid thermonuclear fuel in the form of deuterium-tritium hydrides of light metals for an inertial fusion have been proposed. The laser-pulse-induced compression of non-cryogenic targets, as well as ignition and combustion of such targets, has been examined. The numerical calculations show that, despite a decrease in the caloric content of the fuel and an increase in the energy losses on intrinsic radiation in the target containing deuterium-tritium hydrides of light metals as compared to the target containing deuterium-tritium ice, the non-cryogenic target can ensure the fusion gain sufficient for its use in the energy cycle of a thermonuclear power plant based on the inertial plasma confinement method. 相似文献
5.
惯性约束聚变(ICF)冷冻靶中氘氘(D2)、氘氚(DT)等燃料冰层在靶丸中的分布由靶丸所处的温度场决定。在氘氘冷冻靶中,垂直温度梯度引起的气-液界面张力梯度可以抵消重力作用,使氘氘液体在靶丸内均匀分布;然后在氘氘的三相点附近缓慢降温,可以实现燃料冰层的均化。在氘氘冷冻靶均化实验系统上,采用温度梯度结合制冷速率与制冷过程控制的方法,实现了1mm直径、30μm壁厚的辉光放电聚合物(GDP)靶丸中氘氘冰层的均化,对背光阴影图像中亮环位置进行分析表明:氘氘冰层的平均厚度为185.56μm,均匀度为80.2%,模数-功率谱曲线中模数2~100对应的内表面粗糙度为2.26μm。 相似文献
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G. M. Marshall J. L. Beveridge J. M. Bailey G. A. Beer P. E. Knowles G. R. Mason A. Olin J. H. Brewer B. M. Forster T. M. Huber B. Pippitt R. Jacot-Guillarmod L. Schellenberg P. Kammel J. Zmeskal A. R. Kunselman C. J. Martoff C. Petitjean 《Hyperfine Interactions》1993,82(1-4):529-538
A set of experiments is reviewed which makes use of the emission of muonic deuterium from the surface of a layer of solid hydrogen. The behaviour of muons in a solid target system has been studied via detection of muon decay electrons, muonic X-rays, and fusion products (neutrons and charged particles). The emission of muonic deuterium is understood to result from the Ramsauer-Townsend scattering minimum. The energy distribution of the emitted atoms ranges from tenths of eV to about 10 eV, and can be controlled to some extent. A proposal is described to use muonic tritium emission to measure the energy dependence of muonic molecular formation. 相似文献
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A kinetic study of phase transformation of n-octane has been performed using a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell. The results show that pressure has a negative effect on the solid–liquid reaction rate. The increase of pressure can accelerate the liquid–solid transformation rate. Upon the liquid–solid transformation, the light transmittance showed a decreased trend with time in the early stage, which was caused by the formation of a large quantity of crystal nuclei. In the later stage, the light transmittance almost remained the same, thus indicating a growth stage of crystal nuclei. The activation volume yields a value of 2.16×10?5 and –1.35×10?5 m3/mol for the solid–liquid and liquid–solid transformations. Based on the obtained activation energy, the solid–liquid transformation is dominated by the interfacial reaction and diffusion, and the liquid–solid transformation is controlled by diffusion. This technique is an effective and powerful tool for the transformation kinetics study of n-octane. 相似文献
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Porcelli TA Adamczak A Bailey JM Beer GA Douglas JL Faifman MP Fujiwara MC Huber TM Kammel P Kim SK Knowles PE Kunselman AR Maier M Markushin VE Marshall GM Mason GR Mulhauser F Olin A Petitjean C Zmeskal J;TRIUMF Muonic Hydrogen Collaboration 《Physical review letters》2001,86(17):3763-3766
Measurements of muon-catalyzed dt fusion ( d(mu)t-->4He + n + mu(-)) in solid HD have been performed. The theory describing the energy dependent resonant molecular formation rate for the reaction (mu)t + HD-->[(d(mu)t)pee](*) is compared to experimental results in a pure solid HD target. Constraints on the rates are inferred through the use of a Monte Carlo model developed specifically for the experiment. From the time-of-flight analysis of fusion events in 16 and 37 microg x cm(-2) targets, an average formation rate consistent with 0.897+/-(0.046)(stat)+/-(0.166)(syst) times the theoretical prediction was obtained. 相似文献
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张志超 张宁涛 鲁辰桂 蒲天磊 张金龙 陈涵 段利敏 高丙水 李阔昂 李宇田 千奕 茹龙辉 唐晓东 王新雨 徐晓栋 赵红赟 蔡紫葳 姬彬斐 李奇特 许金艳 林炜平 《原子核物理评论》2020,37(3):636-642
发生在中子星壳层内的丰中子熔合反应对中子星演化以及X射线超级爆等现象均会产生影响。受限于放射性束流强度和反应机制的复杂性,实验数据极其缺乏,难以有效约束理论模型。基于活性靶技术的时间投影室(Time Projection Chamber,TPC)将工作气体作为反应靶,具备近4$\pi$ 立体角接受度和三维径迹重建能力,能够实现对反应事件的全记录,显著提高了探测效率,大幅降低了熔合反应截面测量对束流强度的要求。我们研制了240路信号读出的TPC,并使用放射性束流16N对探测器进行了测试,探索了该实验方法的可行性和有效性。为了得到更加精确的反应产物径迹,对反应事件做出更好的筛选,进一步发展了1 024路信号读出TPC,并开展了12C+12C库仑位垒附近熔合反应截面测量实验,初步实验结果与已有实验数据符合较好。 相似文献
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A. Del Rosso M. Augsburger V.F. Boreiko V.M. Bystritsky M. Filipowicz O. Huot R. Jacot-Guillarmod P.E. Knowles F. Mulhauser V.N. Pavlov C. Petitjean N.P. Popov V.G. Sandukovsky L.A. Schaller H. Schneuwly V.A. Stolupin Y.-A. Thalmann S. Tresch J. Woźniak 《Hyperfine Interactions》1999,118(1-4):177-182
Many atomic and molecular processes may occur after a muon has been stopped in a mixture of hydrogen and helium isotopes.
In particular, the muonic molecule μd3He can be formed. This molecule either decays or undergoes muon catalyzed fusion. Theory predicts a fusion rate much lower
than the decay rate; moreover, the various theoretical predictions differ from each other by several orders of magnitude.
With the experiment presented here we intend to measure the effective fusion rate via the detection of the 14.7 MeV fusion
proton. A new target and gas mixing system, designed at JINR, were used in a ten-day test run at PSI. The fusion protons and
products from other transfer and background reactions were measured with several different detectors (plastic scintillators,
BGO, Germanium, neutron, and Silicon detectors).
The formation rate of the μd
3He molecule and an upper limit for the effective fusion rate have been measured and are presented here.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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V.V. Anisimov E. Cavalleri F.I. Karmanov A.Yu. Konobeyev L.N. Latysheva L.I. Ponomarev I.A. Pshenichnov V.I. Slobodtchouk M. Vecchi 《Hyperfine Interactions》1999,119(1-4):329-339
Results of a design study for an advanced scheme of a μCF based 14 MeV intense neutron source for test material irradiation
including the liquid lithium primary target and a low temperature liquid deuterium-tritium (D–T) mixture as a secondary target
are presented. According to this scheme negative pions are produced inside a 150-cm-long 0.75-cm-radius lithium target. Pions
and muons resulting from the pion decay in flight are collected in the backward direction and stopped in the D–T mixture.
The fusion chamber has the shape of a 10-cm-radius sphere surrounded by two 0.03-cm-thickness titanium shells. Assuming 100
fusions per muon in this scheme one can produce 14-MeV neutrons with a source strength up to 1017 n/s. A neutron flux of up to 1014 n/cm2/s can be achieved in a test volume of about 2.5 l and on the surface of about 350 cm2. The results of the thermophysical and thermomechanical analysis show that the technological limits are not exceeded. This
source has the advantage of producing the original 14 MeV fusion spectrum without tails, isotropically into a 4π solid angle,
contrary to the d-Li stripping neutron source.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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V. S. Borisov Yu. V. Agrafonov L. A. Shcherbachenko Ya. V. Ezhova S. S. Baryshnikov O. B. Rubtsova 《Physics of the Solid State》2011,53(1):53-58
A theoretical model has been proposed which makes it possible to introduce the correction into the complex permittivity of
electrically active condensed systems that contain a polar liquid matrix and low-dimensional solid particles with a developed
electrically active surface. It has been established that there is an interfacial electrical interaction between surface charges
of the solid component and polar molecules of the liquid matrix. The processes occurring during this interaction lead to the
appearance of an intrinsic internal electric field in the system under investigation. The contribution from surface effects
to the formation of the polarized state of the polar liquid medium has been investigated in terms of the proposed model. The
possibility of controlling the processes of local change in the structure of the polar liquid component under the effect of
the internal electric field by varying the electrically active specific surface area of the solid phase and the intrinsic
dipole moment of molecules of the liquid matrix has been analyzed in the studied systems. The conditions providing for the
appearance of a controlled potential gradient of the internal electric field have been determined for the dispersed systems
under consideration. The parameter that makes it possible to evaluate the contribution from the interfacial electrical contact
interaction to the dielectric response of the liquid component and the entire system has been introduced for the first time. 相似文献
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Hiroshi Takahashi 《Hyperfine Interactions》2001,138(1-4):365-371
A high-intensity neutron source that is highly correlated spatially and with time and will be used for neutron scattering
experiments can be obtained by dt m catalyzed fusion by enhancing the formation rate of dtμ molecules using a high-intensity
pulsed laser to dtμ gas. This paper considers the use of dtμ fusion for fast ignition of inertial confinement fusion, and
the possibility of ensuring energy balance in energy production. dt fusion can be quickly ignited by depositing dtμ fusion
energy into a smaller space than is done in other methods, such as Z-pinch or heavy-ion fusion. Space propulsion can be obtained
with a light fuel mass rather than by a fission repulsion system using the muons produced by annihilation of the anti-protons
stored in liquid superfluid of condensed He. Using an extremely highly compressed target can create a source of high luminosity
muons for muon–muon collider- and neutrino-oscillation experiments. This approach can eliminate the need for a super-conducting
solenoidal for capturing the beam of pions and muons generated in a large target, and then these pions and muons can be manipulated
by a laser beam instead of by employing RF manipulation.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Youwei Tian Xun Wang Huanhuan Liu Hongtao Huang Xue Qin Vinod Senecha 《Optical and Quantum Electronics》2012,44(8-9):393-401
The comparative efficiency and beam characteristics of high-energy ions generated from the interaction of a petawatt laser pulse with thin foil target and a small solid-density plasma bunch target have been studied by particle-in-cell simulation under identical conditions. It is shown that thin foil and small solid dense target of micrometer size can be efficiently accelerated when irradiated by a laser pulse of intensity >1021?W/cm2. Using direct beam measurements, we find that small solid dense target acceleration produces higher energy particles with smaller divergence and a higher efficiency compared to thin foil target acceleration. The merits of small solid target acceleration can be exploited for potential applications such as its role as ignitor for fast ignition in inertial confinement fusion. 相似文献
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Y. Franghiadakis C. Fotakis P. Tzanetakis 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1999,68(4):391-397
2 . The measurements reveal components with different charge-to-mass ratio and distinct components with the same charge/mass
ratio. The most probable kinetic energy has values of several tens of eV for singly charged ions, and is larger by a factor
exceeding 2 for doubly charged ions. The role of target material and state, solid or liquid, laser photon energy and fluence
has been investigated and is discussed in comparison to the findings of previous investigations. An estimate of the electrostatic
plasma potential in PLA, based on electron loss rate arguments, is presented to account for the high ion energies observed.
Received: 9 March 1998 / Accepted: 27 November 1998 / Published online: 24 February 1999 相似文献
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针对复杂情况下海上舰船目标单波段特征识别能力不足的问题,研究可见光、中波红外和长波红外三波段特征图像融合技术,重点解决图像融合方法中存在的算法耗时和融合策略选择的问题,提出了一种新的基于区域协方差矩阵的多波段特征级融合方法,针对可见光图像和红外图像分别设计11维和5维特征向量,协方差矩阵可以将多个特征进行融合,既保证了不同目标之间的区别性,同时又减小计算量。该方法首先利用显著性检测,快速定位图像中的目标区域,然后,针对不同波段图像设计的特征向量定义协方差阵的距离计算公式并进行匹配,通过对图像的一次遍历操作获得积分图像,在协方差计算时达到快速计算的目的,最后利用k-阶最近邻算法对多种舰船目标进行分类识别。利用实拍的3 400余张三波段舰船目标图像作为测试数据。实验主要分为两部分,首先对比单波段和三波段融合识别的识别率,验证所提出的融合方法具有更广的应用范围;然后,在计算效率上对比多种传统的像素级方法,验证采用的特征级融合在计算时间上的优势。实验结果表明,该方法可达到95.1%的识别率,单帧计算耗时约为0.5 s,在实时性和检测率方面都有明显提高。 相似文献