自动对靶喷雾靶标红外探测研究

农林作物一般非连续种植,喷在农林作物靶标之间的药液造成巨大浪费和严重环境污染,因此探讨利用红外线探测技术实现靶标的自动探测, 对靶精准喷施意义重大。红外线可有效防止可见光的干扰,响应速度快,可实现无接触探测,由此建立的红外光电探测系统可靠性好、成本低。红外发光管发射出红外光照射到被探测物体上,反射的红外线被光电探测器接收,触发控制信号,实现自动对靶施药。系统中不同探测器组采用不同编码的调制脉冲红外信号,可消除组间光路干扰及其他光信号的干扰。实验结果表明所建立的红外靶标自动探测装置可对农林作物靶标进行自动探测,光波波长为850 nm,探测距离为0.1～6 m可调,靶标最小识别间距小于0.3 m。     

Deuterium High-Pressure Target

The design of deuterium high-pressure target of 76 cm³ volume developed to study muon catalyzed fusion in diffusion-pure deuterium over an 80–800 K temperature range at up to 150 MPa pressure is presented. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于双调制的反伪装目标探测系统研究

为了实现对被伪装网覆盖的被测目标进行有效探测,提高目标识别系统的反伪装能力,设计了基于电光和磁光双调制的目标识别系统。系统由起偏器、电光调制电路、磁光调制电路、检偏器、光电探测器等组成。推导了基于电光调制与磁光调制组合形成的调制函数,并在矢量分析的基础上,计算了电光调制参数δ与磁光调制参数θ对回波光强函数的影响。实验以边长1 m的正方形钢板为测试目标,与两种常用伪装网配合在不同背景环境中进行反伪装目标探测。对不同偏振角条件下的回波光强响应电压进行了测试与分析。结果显示,目标与伪装网均存在明显的响应峰值,但由于目标位置及角度不同峰峰值位置有所不同,而背景不存在较强的响应值。故在整个磁光调制周期内,可以获得响应电压极值信号,从而识别伪装目标。对不同波长条件下的回波光强响应电压进行测试可知,光源波长的改变对回波峰峰值与背景噪声具有一定的影响,从而可以通过适当的调节光源波长实现提高目标图像信噪比的目的。总之,该系统在目标有伪装网覆盖的条件下仍能较好地区分目标及背景,具有很好地反伪能力。     

多目标跟踪中目标数量准确识别算法

由于场景中存在目标遮挡与重叠的影响,以及检测时产生的分割错误,同一个目标往往被识别为若干运动区域,或者多个目标被识别为同一个运动区域,从而导致目标数量识别错误。为了解决这一问题,提出了一种结合融合与分离操作的理论来分析视频的方法,将多目标跟踪的问题转化成为一个找寻后验极值的问题。采用图论的方法表示观测结果,利用图像序列中目标运动轨迹和外观相似度的信息,将多目标跟踪的问题归结为找寻图中多个最优路径的问题。该方法采用了滑动窗口框架以便统计固定数目帧的信息。实验结果表明该方法能够应对实际中发生的上述现象,达到了准确识别多目标数量的目的。     

HIRFL-CSR实验环内靶系统

兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环 (HIRFL CSR)的内靶系统 ,是用于为实验环内的物理实验提供厚度为 10 11— 10 13 atoms/cm2 的团簇靶和极化靶 .采用超声喷气技术获得团簇粒子束 ,采用Stern Gerlach方法获得极化氢束和极化氘束. The structure and the design of the HIRFL-CSR internal target system is reported. The HIRFL-CSR internal target can operate in two modes: cluster target mode and polarized target mode. The cluster target may provide the gas target of H 2, N 2, noble gases and small molecular gases with a density of ≥10 13 atoms/cm 2, and the polarized target may provide polarized H and D beams with a density of about 2×10 11 atoms/cm 2. The target polarization is expected to be...     

Target recovery in complex networks

The invulnerability of complex networks is an important issue which has been widely analyzed in different fields. A lot of works have been done to measure and improve the stability of complex networks when being attacked. Recently, how to recover networks after attack was intensively studied. The existing methods are mainly designed to recover the overall functionality of networks, yet in many real cases the recovery of important nodes should be given priority, to which we refer target recovery. For example, when the cold wave paralyses the railway networks, target recovery means to repair those stations or railways such that the transport capacity of densely-populated cities can be recovered as fast as possible. In this paper, we first compare the impact of attacks on the whole network and target nodes respectively, and then study the efficiency of traditional recovery methods that are proposed based on global centrality metrics. Furthermore, based on target centrality metrics, we introduce a local betweenness recovery method and we find it has better performance than the traditional methods. We finally propose a hybrid recovery method which includes local betweenness metric and local closeness metric. The performance of the hybrid method is shown to be similar to that of the greedy algorithm.     

兼容型低目标特征涂层

掺锡氧化铟（ITO）薄膜同时具备在近红外波段的低反射和红外波段的高反射特性,其介电常数可由Drude自由电子模型描述。SiO薄膜在特定的红外波长处有很强的吸收。将二者结合,可实现特定的光谱选择性。本文对SiO/ITO膜系的光谱选择性进行了研究,讨论了膜系结构对反射光谱的影响。通过用特征矩阵计算反射光谱,发现适当调整膜系的组合方式及选择膜层参量,用SiO/ITO膜系可以做成兼容型红外低目标特征涂层。     

应用角点匹配实现目标跟踪

角点特征是图像的一个重要局部特征,因其具有计算量小、匹配简单以及旋转、平移、缩放不变的性质,而在图像配准与匹配、目标识别、运动分析、目标跟踪等应用领域都起着非常重要的作用。本文提出了一种新的基于角点特征的向量匹配方法,该方法利用Harris算子检测出目标角点,通过角点的矩特征形成目标的特征向量,最后通过对序列图像的目标特征向量进行匹配来实现目标跟踪。此算法在一般情况下能匹配80%以上角点,在遮挡情况下仍能正确匹配70%左右,处理速度达到20 frames/s,满足了实时要求。实验结果证明此方法可有效地抵御目标的变形和遮挡情况。     

红外运动小目标的检测

通过分析天空背景下红外运动小目标、噪音以及背景的特征,提出一种检测方法·首先利用向量小波变换对运动图像进行预处理;其次采用图像差分进行目标的粗检测,提取出候选目标;最后可根据运动目标和噪音的特征对候选目标进行识别,检测出真实的运动小目标·实验证明,该方法可有效检测天空背景下红外运动小目标·     

弱小目标空间坐标测量中的目标检测识别方法

针对弱小目标空间坐标测量系统中的目标检测与识别,提出了一系列提高系统捕获率的方法.该方法根据图像与目标特性,采用改善背景图像质量、判别目标成像特性和设置成像时间窗口来获得目标识别和交汇数据,最后对识别交汇结果进行反演来提高系统弱小目标检测识别能力从而最终获得较高捕获率.试验表明这些方法对于提高系统捕获率是有效的.     

Target effect on laser breakdown plasma

The influence of the evaporation of a little amount of the target material on the air breakdown is sometimes mainly due to an initial change in density. The estimations are in agreement with the performed experiments on Li, K, Sr targets with CO₂-TEA laser.     

一种快速的近岸红外目标检测

近岸红外目标检测由于背景复杂和实时性的要求,是当前研究的一个难点。基于上下文的视觉注意机制是解决这一难题的有效途径。首先根据近岸红外目标存在于海面这一先验知识,利用灰度、纹理特征及位置关系,分割出海面;其次利用基于相位谱的视觉注意机制定位显著区域;最后综合海面和显著区域位置,便可检测出近岸红外目标。实验证明,这种算法高效、准确,能够满足目标检测阶段的实时性要求。     

空间目标红外双波段成像测温

作为空间目标与地基望远镜红外成像终端间不确知参量之一的地球热辐射,会降低传统双波段比色测温法正向求解准确度.为了提高目标温度估计的准确度,建立了基于红外探测器测量电子数的评价函数,得到了求解最大似然函数的温度反向求解模型;推导了双波段比色测温法的温度正向求解模型,进行了两种测温方法的仿真实验与比较分析.结果表明:目标温度反演准确度与成像探测器信噪比、地球热辐射估算准确度以及波段之间的发射率差异有着紧密的关系;当信噪比较低时,双波段比色测温法会陷入无解区域;当信噪比较高时,双波段比色测温法与最大似然函数法反演温度准确度相当;最大似然函数法采用有约束与有限内存的拟牛顿优化算法可有效避免目标函数陷入局部最小值;最大似然函数法具有很强的抗噪音干扰能力,能扩大目标温度求解的范围,并具有较高的准确度;在保证信噪比的情况下,增加成像波段数目可以提高温度反演准确度.     

靶镜光学质量检测技术的研究

提出了一种利用扫描型哈特曼检测装置检验靶镜光学质量的技术.该装置对传统哈特曼检验装置的光阑进行了改进,通过扫描型哈特曼光阑的旋转扫描,可对被检靶镜全口径范围内连续采样.利用该扫描型哈特曼检测装置对一块口径为270 mm的非球面靶镜的能量集中度和波像差进行了检验,其结果与激光数字波面干涉仪的测量结果相吻合,其中能量集中度的相对测量误差为7.7%,波像差的相对测量误差为10.2%,验证了该检测技术的有效性.     

HIRFL-CSR团簇靶的优化

为HIRFL-CSR团簇内靶设计加工了新的供气系统, 拆换了原有的喷嘴, 对氢气和氩气进行了新的实验, 获得了氢气和氩气的稳定团簇束, 解决了困扰团簇靶稳定运行的喷嘴堵塞问题. 获得的氢团簇束密度为1.75×10¹³ atoms/cm³, 好于德国GSI内靶对氢束所达到的1×10¹³atoms/cm³. 研究了团簇束的衰减, 测量了氢束和氩束的有效靶厚, 研究了团簇靶系统对这两种工作气体的长期运行稳定性. 对氢和氩两种工作气体, 各级气压呈现了良好的稳定性, 说明在实验的时间范围内, 团簇靶运行稳定.     

Target independence of the EMC-SMC effect

An approach to deep inelastic scattering is described in which the matrix elements arising from the operator product expansion are factorised into composite operator propagators and proper vertex functions. In the case of polarised μp scattering, the composite operator propagator is identified with the square root of the QCD topological susceptibility √x′(0) , while the corresponding proper vertex is a renormalisation group invariant. We estimate x′(0) using QCD spectral sum rules and find that it is significantly suppressed relative to the OZI expectation. Assuming OZI is a good approximation for the proper vertex, our predictions, f₀¹ d x g₁^p (x; Q²= 10 GeV²) = 0.143 ± 0.005 and G_A⁰ = ΔΣ = 0.353 ± 0.052, are in excellent agreement with the new SMC data. This result, together with one confirming the validity of the OZI rule in the η′ radiative decay, supports our earlier conjecture that the suppression in the flavour singlet component of the first moment of gp observed by the EMC-SMC Collaboration is a target-independent feature of QCD related to the U(1) anomaly and is not a property of the proton structure. As a corollary, we extract the magnitude of higher twist effects from the neutron and Bjorken sum rules.     

ADS中子源散裂靶物理研究

运用蒙卡程序DCM CEM对ADS标准散裂中子靶进行了计算研究.计算了在0.1~1.6GeV的质子轰击下,标准Pb靶发生散裂反应产生的泄漏中子产额及分布、中子能谱以及靶内能量沉积分布.计算结果与文献理论数据、实验数据进行了比较.     

Target mass effects in polarized electroproduction

We examine the target mass effects in spin-dependent deep inelastic electroproduction within the framework of Wilson's operator product expansion. Simple analytic expressions for the Nachtmann moments of polarized structure functions g₁ and g₂ are obtained and their Q² evolutions are considered in QCD. The Bjorken and Burkhardt-Cottingham sum rules including target mass effects are derived and the QCD $\text{g}{}^2$ corrections are discussed.