活性炭表面固载十二硅钨酸的表征

活性炭表面固载十二硅钨酸的表征王新平，叶兴凯，吴越（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所，长春１３００２２）关键词硅钨酸，杂多酸，活性炭，负载型催化剂，表征由于杂多酸的优异催化性能，近年来其固载化的研究深受人们的关注［１］．活性炭是固载杂多酸较好的载体之一［...     

杂多酸的固载化及其催化合成醋酸脂肪醇酯

本文研究了活性炭对磷钼钨杂多酸的固载化方法 ,结果发现使用蒸发法进行固载 ,当活性炭与磷钼钨杂多酸的质量比为 1∶0 75时 ,所得固载型杂多酸的催化效果最好。利用所制备的活性炭固载杂多酸型催化剂探讨了醋酸与各种一元脂肪醇的酯化反应 ,发现该催化剂对醋酸脂肪醇酯的合成均具有较好的催化效果 ,并且重复使用 4次 ,催化活性仍较高     

合成乳酸正丁酯的主要催化剂述评

综述聚氯乙烯—三氯化铁树脂、强酸性阳离子交换树脂、氨基磺酸、甲基磺酸、维生素C、稀土化合物、硅胶固载硫酸钛、硫酸铁铵、硫酸氢钠、磁性固体超强酸、酸改性高岭土、杂多酸(盐)等数种不同催化剂催化合成乳酸正丁酯的实验结果.结果表明,强酸型阳离子交换树脂、硫酸氢钠、磁性固体超强酸、硅胶固载硫酸钛、活性炭固载杂多酸五种催化剂催化合成乳酸正丁酯的酯收率较高,具有实际使用价值.     

杂多酸的固载化─关于制备负载型酸催化剂的一般原理

杂多酸同时具有酸和氧化－还原的催化特性，有着很广泛的应用前景．这类化合物在一系列精细合成中取代硫酸作为催化剂以满足环保的要求，显示出了很大的潜力．杂多酸固载化后，不仅能在液相氧化和酸催化反应中把催化剂从反应介质中很方便地分离出来，而且还为这类均相催化反应的多相化，甚至利用催化蒸馏新工艺等创造了应有的条件，可以使生产工艺大大简化，获得更广泛的应用．本文以很好表征过的多种孔性材料，包括氧化物，如Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３、ＳｉＯ_２、ＴｉＯ_２、硅藻土、膨润土和来源不同的活性炭为载体，考察了负载杂多酸催化剂的催化活性．在大量前期工作的基础上，通过总结载体对固载杂多酸催化活性的影响等，探讨载体的内在性质在杂多酸固载、吸附和催化反应中的作用本质，为由吸附法制备各种负载型固体酸催化剂在液相中的应用提供可资参考的模型．     

活性炭表面含氧基团的生成及对NO的还原作用

活性炭表面含氧基团的生成及对ＮＯ的还原作用＊高志明杨向光吴越＊＊（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所，长春１３００２２）关键词活性炭，一氧化氮，氧化铜，还原，氧化近几年，随着环保研究的开展，活性炭被用于同时脱硫脱硝反应［１］．活性炭的表面化学性质就成为需要...     

杂多酸催化合成丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯

杂多酸（盐）作为性能优良的酸性、氧化性或二者兼具的双功能催化剂应用在许多有机合成反应中［１］，其中有些反应已成功实现了工业化［２］，因此近年来有关杂多酸（盐）催化反应的应用研究倍受关注．丙烯酸２乙基己酯（简称ＨＡ）是重要的高分子单体，与其它单体进...     

层柱催化剂Co2-Al-XW11Z的合成及氧化催化性能

过渡金属取代型Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构杂多金属氧酸盐（ＨＰＯＭ），由于它具有较高的稳定性和催化氧化活性，被誉为“无机金属卟啉”［１］．将这些ＨＰＯＭ阴离子嵌入类水滑石层间，不仅可提供一种ＨＰＯＭ的固载化手段，而且以层空间作为反应场，使反应物分子能够选择性地进...     

含钼四元杂多磷钨酸盐的电化学研究

含钼四元杂多磷钨酸盐的电化学研究张恒彬，齐兴义，郑军伟，李树家（吉林大学化学系，长春，１３００２３）关键词磷钨杂多酸，氧化还原，电催化，循环伏安Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构钼或钨的杂多酸有良好的氧化还原性质和电催化作用［１～３］．其中钼或钨被其它过渡金属元素取代...     

基于杂多酸的固体高质子导体*

杂多酸固体高质子导体在燃料电池、传感器和电显色装置等方面具有潜在的应用前景。本文概述了杂多酸的质子导电性,归纳了其质子导电性的一些规律,以表格形式列举了各类杂多酸的电导率。将不同质量分数的杂多酸固载在各类固体基质上,可以对杂多酸质子导电材料改性以便于工业中实际应用。这些杂化材料兼有杂多酸的高质子导电性以及基质的稳定性与机械延展性。本文综述了近几年来新型杂多酸,杂多酸-无机基质复合材料,杂多酸-有机基质复合材料,杂多酸-多元基复合材料的质子电导率、稳定性、结构形态等等方面的研究进展,详细介绍了杂多酸在质子交换膜燃料电池中的应用,并对杂多酸固体高质子导体的应用前景进行了展望。     

杂多酸在活性炭上的固载化：III.活性炭在酸性介质中对钨硅杂多酸（SiW12…

在氢离子浓度均为３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的硫酸，盐酸，磷酸，醋酸水溶液中和冰醋酸中研究了具有Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构的硅钨杂多酸（ＳｉＷ１２）在不同来源活性炭上的吸附作用，各活性炭对ＳｉＷ１２吸附等温线的形式是不相同的，吸附剂载体的微孔结构以及杂多酸的溶剂化起着重要的，工且在无机酸介质中，杂多酸的吸附量比在水溶液中成规律地增加，且与酸强度正比关系，在有机酸介质中，吸附作用比较复杂，根据所得结果，提出了在酸性中杂多酸在     

Equilibrium adsorption of molybdosilicic acid solutions on carbon and silica: basic studies for the preparation of ecofriendly acidic catalysts

Molybdosilicic acid solutions acidified with HCl were impregnated on carbon and silica by the equilibrium adsorption technique. From the equilibrium adsorption isotherms performed at 20 degrees C, it was established that the heteropolyacid amount adsorbed on carbon is higher than that on silica. Differences in shape and initial slope of the isotherm were observed. The interaction of the molybdosilicate anion was higher with carbon surface groups than with silanol groups. The physicochemical characterization of the solids has shown that the molybdosilicic acid presents an undegraded Keggin structure in the supported samples up to 250 degrees C. The surface acidity, mainly related to heteropolyacid adsorbed amount, was higher for samples on carbon. However, the silica-supported acid showed a bulk acidity higher than that on carbon, due to its lower interaction degree.     

Synthesis and physicochemical properties of Zr-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves and Pt/H3PW12O40/Zr-MCM-41 catalysts

For the first time, modifications of the surface and framework of Si-MCM-41 by depositing a heteropolyacid on the surface and by introducing foreign Zr⁴⁺ ions into the framework are investigated. The Zr-modified Si-MCM-41 mesoporous materials (hereafter referred as WSZn, n=Si/Zr=25, 15, 8, 4) were synthesized through a surfactant-templated preparation approach, using low-cost fumed silica as the Si precursor. After impregnation with 25 wt% of H₃PW₁₂O₄₀, the surface Brönsted acidity of the Pt/H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/WSZn catalysts was greatly enhanced by 2-10 times relative to the bare WSZn support. Two kinds of supported heteropolyacids were formed: (i) bulk-like heteropolyacid crystals with unchanged Keggin structures, and (ii) highly dispersed heteropolyacid with distorted Keggin units. The formation of various kinds of heteropolyacid structures is closely related to the interaction between the heteropolyanions and the hydroxyl groups in the host support.     

A New Method to Prepare Transition Metal Salts of Bulk and Supported Heteropolyacids. Application to the Catalysis of the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Isobutyric Acid

Transition metal salts of heteropolyacids have been prepared taking into account the strong acidic and cation exchanging properties of the solid heteropolyacids. The exchange between protons and the transition metal cation is carried out by stirring a suspension of the hydrated heteropolyacid in a solution of the metal acetylacetonate complex in toluene. The exchange occurs on the surface of the solid particles and diffusion of protons and metal cations into the hydrated lattice leads to the substitution of all the protons. The method can be utilized in order to prepare supported vanadyl and copper molybdophosphates from supported heteropolyacids and they have been studied in the catalysis of the oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutyric acid. The effect of vanadyl counter-ions on the catalytic behavior is the same as observed with bulk catalysts but, on the contrary, copper supported molybdophosphate shows an acid catalytic activity not observed with bulk catalysts.     

负载型杂多酸催化下N2O5对甲苯的选择性硝化

用负载型杂多酸为催化剂,N2O5为硝化剂的新型硝化体系,对甲苯的硝化反应进行研究. 分别考察了杂多酸类型、载体种类、杂多酸负载量及催化剂循环使用次数等因素对硝化反应的影响. 结果证明,负载型杂多酸能显著提高N2O5的硝化能力;催化剂回收后可直接重复使用,甲苯硝化反应得率为34%,对位选择性达到58.9%,表明N2O5是一种具有应用前景的硝化试剂.     

Alkylation of phenol with camphene in the presence of heteropolyacids supported on metal oxides

Alkylation of phenol with camphene in the presence of supported heteropolyacids is studied. The main reaction products are found to be phenyl isobornyl ether, 2-isobornylphenol and 2-isocamphylphenol, the ratio between them being determined by the nature of heteropolyacid and carrier (ZrO₂ or TiO₂).     

Comparison of H3PW12O40 and H4SiW12O40 heteropolyacids supported on silica by H MAS NMR

The H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ and H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀ heteropolyacids supported on silica were studied by ¹H MAS NMR as a function of both the coverage and the dehydroxylation temperature. The signal at ca. 8 ppm attributed to the highly acidic protons of the anhydrous form of the heteropolyacid was never observed in the case of the phosphotungstic polyanion supported on silica while it was clearly present in the case of the silicotungstic species. These results explain the different activities of the two supported heteropolyacids in acid reactions involving strong acid sites. To cite this article: A. Thomas et al., C. R. Chimie 8 (2005).     

活性炭负载杂多酸催化剂的研究进展

介绍了以活性炭为载体的负载型杂多酸催化剂的研究进展,包括制备方法、影响负载量的因素、负载催化剂的性质、吸附模型和脱附作用。总结了杂多酸在活性炭上的吸附形态研究以及杂多酸与活性炭表面含氧基团的化学键合作用的研究成果,展望了该催化剂未来的研究方向。     

Esterification of phthalic anhydride with 1-butanol and 2-ethylhexanol catalyzed by heteropolyacids

Esterification of phthalic anhydride with 2-ethylhexanol and 1-butanol and ester decomposition of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) in presence of Keggin; H₃PW₁₂O₄₀, H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀, H₄SiMo₁₂O₄₀, Wells–Dawson; H₆P₂W₁₈O₆₂, H₆P₂W₁₇MoO₆₂ and Preyssler; H₁₄[NaP₅W₂₉MoO₁₁₀], H₁₄[NaP₅W₃₀O₁₁₀], type heteropolyacids have been investigated. The heteropolyacids with Preyssler and Wells–Dawson structures and their molybdenum substituted derivatives show higher activity in esterification and ester decomposition reactions than Keggin type heteropolyacids. A complete conversion of phthalic anhydride to dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate are achieved in 2 h in presence of molybdenum substituted Preyssler heteropolyacid. In the decomposition of dioctyl phthalate in the presence of Preyssler heteropolyacid, 2-ethylhexene is formed in quantitative yield.     

Heterocyclic amine salts of Keggin heteropolyacids used as catalyst for the selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides

A range of sulfides can be selectively oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxides in good yields using catalytic quantities of heterocyclic amine salts (quinoline, cinchonine, and cinchonidine) of Keggin heteropolyacids with different green oxidants. The cinchonine heteropolyacid catalyst is easily recoverable and reusable without loss of its catalytic activity, and an enantiomeric excess can be obtained.     

Immobilization of Keggin and Preyssler tungsten heteropolyacids on various functionalized silica

The Keggin and Preyssler tungsten heteropolyacids, H3PW12O40 and H15P5W30O110, have been immobilized on the inner surface of mesoporous MCM-41, fume silica and silica-gel by means of chemical bonding to aminosilane groups. The materials were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, low-angle XRD and BET surface area analysis. The tendencies of heteropolyacids adsorption in solution on functionalized silicas have been investigated by UV-vis. Among the functionalized silica materials, MCM-41 showed the largest amine to silica and the least heteropolyacid to silica ratios. The BET surface area revealed that in all three cases the surface area decreased after grafting amine group and anchoring of the HPAs clusters. Low-angle XRD analysis showed that by introducing HPA into functionalized MCM-41 the intensity of the main reflection decreased significantly.