极化电场对可激发介质中螺旋波的控制

螺旋波在不同的物理、化学和生物系统中普遍存在.周期外场,比如极化电场,尤其是具有旋转对称性的圆极化电场可对螺旋波动力学产生重要影响.本文综述了极化电场对可激发介质中螺旋波的控制,包括共振漂移、同步、手征对称性破缺、多臂螺旋波的稳定、次激发介质中的螺旋波、三维回卷波湍流态的控制、心脏组织中螺旋波的去钉扎、心脏组织中螺旋波湍流态的控制等.     

Destruction of Spiral Wave Using External Electric Field Modulated by Logistic Map

Evolution of spiral wave generated from the excitable media within the Barkley model is investigated. The external gradient electric field modulated by the logistic map is imposed on the media （along x- and y-axis）. Drift and break up of spiral wave are observed when the amplitude of the electric field is modulated by the chaotic signal from the logistic map, and the whole system could become homogeneous finally and the relevant results are compared when the gradient electric field is modulated by the Lorenz or Rossler chaotic signal.     

Suppression of spiral waves using intermittent local electric shock

In this paper, an intermittent local electric shock scheme is proposed to suppress stable spiral waves in the Barkley model by a weak electric shock (about 0.4 to 0.7) imposed on a random selected n×n grids (n=1-5, compared with the original 256×256 lattice) and monitored synchronically the evolutions of the activator on the grids as the sampled signal of the activator steps out a given threshold (i.e., the electric shock works on the n×n grids if the activator u\leq0.4 or u \geq 0.8). The numerical simulations show that a breakup of spiral is observed in the media state evolution to finally obtain homogeneous states if the electric shock with appropriate intensity is imposed.     

螺旋线型微秒级高压长脉冲产生器数值模拟

 探索了采用CST软件和PSpice软件进行加速器场分布数值模拟的方法,利用该方法可方便地获取设备内部动态场分布图及动态电压变化规律。针对螺旋线型μs级高压长脉冲产生器系统建立了数值模拟模型,给出了详细的模拟步骤及结果。分析表明,利用场分布模拟方法获取的电压变化规律与电路模拟方法获取的结果是一致的。基于CST模拟方法,可以给出螺旋线及主开关等电气结构的瞬态电场分布,场强增强点主要出现在螺旋带的外沿及金属电极连接处,在介质支撑内部也有较高的场强分布。     

荧光光谱法研究低频脉冲电场对胰岛素分子的作用

胰岛素作为一种胞间信号分子,对于生命信息的传递起着极为重要的作用。探讨低频脉冲电场对胰岛素分子的作用,对于从细胞信号系统的角度来解释生物电磁效应有着十分重要的意义。在实验中,对照组和场暴露组之间荧光峰值强度的差别表明了低频脉冲电场改变了胰岛素分子的构象,低频脉冲电场可能通过破坏胰岛素分子氢键和重新形成某些氢键来改变它的构象。本文结果表明胞间信号分子也是低频电磁场作用的一个重要靶体。     

Evolution of spiral wave and pattern formation in a vortical polarized electric field

In this paper, the evolution of the pattern transition induced by the vortical electric field （VEF） is investigated. Firstly, a scheme is suggested to generate the VEF by changing the spatial magnetic field. Secondly, the VEF is imposed on the whole medium, and the evolutions of the spiral wave and the spatiotemporal chaos are investigated by using the numerical simulation. The result confirms that the drift and the breakup of the spiral wave and the new net-like pattern are observed when different polarized fields are imposed on the whole medium respectively. Finally, the pattern transition induced by the polarized field is discussed theoretically.     

Spiral Wave in Small-World Networks of Hodgkin--Huxley Neurons

The effect of small-world connection and noise on the formation and transitionof spiral wave in the networks of Hodgkin-Huxley neurons are investigated in detail. Some interesting results are found in our numerical studies. i) The quiescent neurons are activated to propagate electric signal to others by generating and developing spiral wave from spiral seed in small area. ii) A statistical factor is defined to describe the collective properties and phase transition induced by the topology of networks and noise. iii) Stable rotating spiral wave can be generated and keeps robust when the rewiring probability is below certain threshold, otherwise, spiral wave can not be developed from the spiral seed and spiral wave breakup occurs for a stable rotating spiral wave. iv) Gaussian white noise is introduced on the membrane of neuronsto study the noise-induced phase transition on spiral wave in small-world networks of neurons. It is confirmed that Gaussian white noise plays active role in supporting and developing spiral wave in the networks of neurons, and appearance of smaller factor of synchronization indicates high possibility to induce spiral wave.     

Precise measurement of a weak radio frequency electric field using a resonant atomic probe

We present a precise measurement of a weak radio frequency electric field with a frequency of ■3 GHz employing a resonant atomic probe that is constituted with a Rydberg cascade three-level atom, including a cesium ground state |6S(1/2)〉,an excited state |6P(3/2)〉, and Rydberg state |nD(5/2)〉. Two radio frequency(RF) electric fields, noted as local and signal fields, couple the nearby Rydberg transition. The two-photon resonant Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency(Rydberg-EIT) is employed to directly read out the weak signal field having hundreds of k Hz difference between the local and signal fields that is encoded in the resonant microwave-dressed Rydberg atoms. The minimum detectable signal fields of ESmin= 1.36 ± 0.04 mV/m for 2.18 GHz coupling |68D(5/2)〉→ |69P(3/2)〉 transition and 1.33 ± 0.02 mV/m for 1.32 GHz coupling |80D(5/2)〉→ |81P(3/2)〉 transition are obtained, respectively. The bandwidth dependence is also investigated by varying the signal field frequency and corresponding -3 dB bandwidth of 3 MHz is attained. This method can be employed to perform a rapid and precise measurement of the weak electric field, which is important for the atom-based microwave metrology.     

Solitons of electric polarization in multiferroics

Complete analysis of the properties of breathers in spiral multiferroic structures in the sine-Gordon model has been presented. The methods of the excitation and detection of the breathers in the external electric and magnetic fields have been discussed.     

A new electrostatic field measurement method: The coherent-notch field mill

Conventional electric field mill designs are not able to measure quasi-static atmospheric electric fields in the vicinity of high-voltage power systems. The electric fields generated by such power systems produce severe perturbations to the quasi-static background electric field. Filtering of these perturbations by the field mill circuitry seems to be easy because of their periodically alternating character. However, the operation of a field mill involves an effective signal filtering method, as presented in this paper. Because field mill operation gives rise to amplitude modulation of the incident electric field under measurement, a new technique based on coherent demodulation and notch filtering is proposed. Simulation and experimental results validate the excellent performance of the proposed method for measuring sudden step functions in electric field in presence of a severely perturbed ambient.     

热疗用环形平面换能器声场特性的研究

引入负声源，导出了环形平面换能器声场的简洁表示式，计算了单个圆环、多个同心圆环同时激励及环阵相控聚焦声源产生的声场，分析了环的宽度、环数及聚焦点位置等因素对声场特征的影响。提出根据各阵元在声场中某点产生的声压的相位来确定各阵元电激励信号的延时，此方法较根据各阵元到该点的平均声程确定各阵元电激励信号的延时，能更难确地在该点实现聚焦。     

The non-linear response of NbSe3 to pulsed electric fields

The non-linear response of NbSe₃ to pulsed electric fields has been measured using a bridge circuit which subtracts the ohmic contribution to the voltage from the total signal. The current-induced metastable states of the charge-density wave (CDW) reported by Gill are confirmed. The periodic voltage induced by dc electric fields is clearly resolved and in some cases may be synchronized with the applied pulses. The periodic voltage comprises a large fraction of the non-linear response, growing to 100% near threshold.     

Harmonic mixing in a cosine potential for arbitrary damping

Harmonic mixing of two alternating electric fields due to a Brownian charged particle in a nonlinear one-dimensional potential of cosine shape is investigated. The dynamics of the system are described by a time dependent Fokker-Planck equation. The appropriate distribution function is obtained by a matrix continued fraction expansion method, which is treated numerically. The dc signal due to mixing is computed for strong thermal fluctuations in all relevant parameter ranges of the pinning potential strength, damping and frequency. The dc signal without fluctuations is discussed separately. Resonance effects are shown in the electric dc field and the additional phase shift, caused by intrinsic relaxation processes.     

强电场作用下反铁电锆钛酸铅的介电行为研究

采用电滞回线方法和偏置直流电场中叠加小交变电场方法研究了锆钛酸铅反铁电陶瓷材料在强电场作用下的介电行为.测量结果显示，锆钛酸铅反铁电材料的介电常数随外加电场强度呈非线性变化，在反铁电 铁电转变的电场区间形成介电峰.表征极化强度随电场强度变化率的微分介电常数εd峰值出现在反铁电 铁电转换电场强度处，最高达到41000.随着偏置电场增加反铁电向铁电体转变过程中，小信号介电常数εc减小；在电场降低铁电回复成反铁电过程中，小信号介电常数εc增大，小信号介电常数εc峰先于微分介电常数εd峰出现.根据电场作用下反铁电 关键词： 锆钛酸铅反铁电陶瓷 介电行为 强电场条件     

Optically biased photoreflectance spectroscopy of a GaAs epitaxial layer and an AlGaAs/GaAs quantum well

We propose optically biased photoreflectance (OBPR) spectroscopy, which is performed by continuous illumination of a secondary monochromatic light on a sample with conventional photoreflectance (PR), as a useful tool to investigate the internal electric fields dependence of the PR signals associated with band to band and quantum level transitions. Line shape of the PR signal has a strong dependence on the internal electric field. In OBPR, if a secondary incident light is absorbed, the internal electric field is suppressed by the photo-generated electron–hole pairs. On the other hand, if the secondary light is not absorbed, the internal electric field is not affected. Through the OBPR investigation of a GaAs epitaxial layer and an AlGaAs/GaAs quantum well, we are able to obtain an absorption like spectrum by performing a wavelength scan of a secondary monochromatic light. The results of OBPR measurements at each PR peak position show the contribution of the electric fields modification by the photo-generated carriers in each layers to the PR signals that are related to band gap and quantum level transitions.     

用运动控制器来终止心律失常

采用Luo-Rudy相Ⅰ心脏模型对通过局部电击使细胞复极化来消除心脏中的螺旋波和时空混沌进行数值模拟。提出利用控制器局部电击螺旋波波头周围的心肌细胞来抑制螺旋波的旋转,使螺旋波漂移出边界,进而控制螺旋波和时空混沌。数值模拟表明：适当选择控制的格点数和膜电位控制阈值,螺旋波和时空混沌都可以被抑制。最少的控制格点数为9个,最短的单螺旋波控制时间小于150 ms,最短的时空混沌控制时间小于500 ms。     

Circularly polarized unidirectional emission via a coupled plasmonic spiral antenna

In this Letter, we study the emission properties of an electric dipole emitter coupled to a plasmonic spiral structure. The plasmonic spiral structure functions as an optical antenna, coupling the electric dipole emission into circularly polarized unidirectional emission in the far field. Increasing number of turns of the spiral leads to narrower angular width of the emission pattern in the far field. For a spiral antenna with six turns, antenna directivity of 23.5 dB with a directional emission into a narrow angular cone of 4.3° can be achieved. The emitted photons carry spin that is essentially determined by the handedness of the spiral antenna. By reversing the spiral, one can switch the polarization of the emission field between left-hand and right-hand circular polarizations. The spiral antenna may be used as a nanoscale circular polarization source in single molecule sensing, single-photo sources, and integrated photonic circuits.     

时变反应扩散系统中螺旋波和湍流的控制

研究了一类参数时变的反应扩散系统中螺旋波和湍流对外电场的响应问题.在数值模拟中,以一类改进的Fitzhugh-Nagumo模型为研究对象(在恰当参数值下可分别描述激发介质和振荡介质),考虑随机和不确定因素(如内外噪声、气压、温度梯度分布和介质形变等)所引起的系统参数涨落对斑图演化的影响,在模拟中选取的参数涨落范围确保系统可以观测到稳定旋转的螺旋波、漫游的螺旋波和湍流,经历一定的暂态过程后,对介质施加极化电场,研究螺旋波和湍流在外电场中的演化.数值计算结果表明：在系统参数发生涨落和外电场强度比较小情况下,主 关键词： 螺旋波 湍流 时变系统 Fitzhugh-Nagumo模型     

Dynamics of Spectral Composition of Fluorescence of Cold Atoms in External Electric and Magnetic Fields

A consistent quantum-mechanical approach is used to calculate a fluorescence signal from a cold atomic ensemble excited by pulsed radiation and exposed to a DC electric or magnetic field. The short time Fourier transform is used to analyze the spectral composition of this signal and to investigate its changes over time after the end of excitation. It is demonstrated that external fields substantially change both the shape of the spectrum and its dynamics. The discovered effects are explained as being the result of action of these fields on the spectrum of states of the two-atomic quasi-molecular clusters that randomly form in disordered ensembles.     

镶嵌于玻璃中的CdSe_(1-x)S_x量子点的电调制光谱测量

采用直流偏置的交流调制电场测量了玻璃中各向同性的CdSe1 xSx 量子点的电调制光谱 ,介绍了各向同性材料电调制光谱的测量方法 ,分析了与一般电调制光谱测量方法不同的原因。采用偏置后的交流调制电场 ,可以检测到与电场同频率 ( 1f)而位相差 90°的CdSe1 xSx 量子点的电吸收信号 ,该信号比采用二倍频检测 ( 2 f)的信号大一个数量级 ,比通常采用正弦波调制电场的信号大 3个数量级。采用直流偏置调制电场有利于各向同性材料的电光性能的测量