Precise measurement of a weak radio frequency electric field using a resonant atomic probe

We present a precise measurement of a weak radio frequency electric field with a frequency of ■3 GHz employing a resonant atomic probe that is constituted with a Rydberg cascade three-level atom, including a cesium ground state |6S(1/2)〉,an excited state |6P(3/2)〉, and Rydberg state |nD(5/2)〉. Two radio frequency(RF) electric fields, noted as local and signal fields, couple the nearby Rydberg transition. The two-photon resonant Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency(Rydberg-EIT) is employed to directly read out the weak signal field having hundreds of k Hz difference between the local and signal fields that is encoded in the resonant microwave-dressed Rydberg atoms. The minimum detectable signal fields of ESmin= 1.36 ± 0.04 mV/m for 2.18 GHz coupling |68D(5/2)〉→ |69P(3/2)〉 transition and 1.33 ± 0.02 mV/m for 1.32 GHz coupling |80D(5/2)〉→ |81P(3/2)〉 transition are obtained, respectively. The bandwidth dependence is also investigated by varying the signal field frequency and corresponding -3 dB bandwidth of 3 MHz is attained. This method can be employed to perform a rapid and precise measurement of the weak electric field, which is important for the atom-based microwave metrology.     

基于Rydberg原子的高灵敏微波探测与通信

利用Rydberg原子作为微波传感器实现了微弱场的测量与通信.在铯原子蒸气池中,相向传输的探测光(852 nm)和耦合光(510 nm)与铯原子相互作用形成阶梯型三能级电磁感应透明光谱,用于实现Rydberg原子的光学探测.频率约为2.19 GHz的强微波场作为本地场(E_L),共振耦合相邻的两个Rydberg能级|68D_5/2>和|69P_3/2>,与具有一定失谐δf的待测微弱信号场(E_s)同时作用于Rydberg原子.Rydberg原子作为微波混频器可直接读出两束微波的差频信号,实现待测信号场的高灵敏探测,对应的最小测量值为E₀=1.7μV/cm,频率分辨率小于1 Hz.在此基础上,对微弱信号场进行编码,实验上很好地还原了加载到微波弱场上的基带信号,测量的传输带宽达200 MHz,实现了微弱场条件下的通信.     

超冷(36D5/2+6S1/2)里德伯分子的制备及其电偶极矩的测量

里德伯-基态分子由一个里德伯原子和一个基态原子组成,束缚机制是里德伯电子与基态原子的低能电子散射相互作用.理论上,通过低能电子散射Fermi赝势模型,数值计算了铯(36D_5/2+6S_1/2)里德伯-基态分子的绝热势能曲线,提取了里德伯分子的束缚能和平衡核间距等光谱参数.实验上,利用双光子光缔合技术成功制备了散射三重态(^T∑,Triplet)和散射单重态-三重态混合(^S,T∑,Mixed)形成的里德伯-基态分子,获得了里德伯分子的光缔合光谱,测量的势阱深度与理论计算结果相吻合.另外,以散射三重态为例,分析了里德伯分子的光缔合光谱在外加电场中的展宽现象,获得其平均永久电偶极矩|d|为(12.10±1.65) Debye ((4.76±0.65)ea₀),与理论计算结果保持一致.该研究为实验上制备D态里德伯-基态分子提供了可行的实验方案,对理解里德伯分子的光谱特性具有重要意义.     

超冷铯(60D5/2)2 Rydberg分子的双色光缔合光谱

本文主要从理论和实验上研究超冷铯（60D_5/2）₂ Rydberg分子的双色光缔合光谱.数值计算了铯60D_5/2 Rydberg原子对态的长程电多极相互作用和（60D_5/2）₂ Rydberg分子的绝热势能曲线,获得了（60D_5/2）₂ Rydberg分子的势阱深度和平衡间距.实验上利用双色光缔合超冷铯原子的方法制备了（60D_5/2）₂ Rydberg分子.其中,第一色激光（pulse-A）双光子共振激发种子Rydberg原子A;第二色激光（pulse-B,失谐于分子的束缚能）共振激发第二个Rydberg原子B,原子A与B由分子势阱束缚形成超冷（60D_5/2）₂ Rydberg分子.由脉冲场电离探测技术获得Rydberg分子的光缔合光谱,测量的Rydberg分子的势阱深度与理论计算结果相一致.