钙－芦丁极谱络合吸附波的研究

在０．０１ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＯＨ底液中（ｐＨ＝１１．７），用单扫示波极谱法可获得钙－芦丁络合吸附波，检出限为８．０×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ．测得电活性络合物组成为Ｃａ（Ⅱ）∶Ｒｔ＝１∶２，条件稳定常数为β＝４．８×１０１０．电极表面反应速率常数为ｋｓ＝１．２７ｓ－１．     

毛细管区带电泳法测定复方芦丁片中芦丁和维生素C的含量

考察了缓冲溶液的pH、背景电解质浓度及分离电压对芦丁、维生素C及苯甲酸分离的影响，建立了以苯甲酸为内标，毛细管区带电泳法快速测定复方芦丁片中芦丁和维生素C含量的新方法。以3g/L硼砂－4g/L硼酸(pH8.18）为运行缓冲液，苯甲酸为内标，在分离电压为25kV，检测波长为254nm的电泳条件下，芦丁、维生素C和内标可在5min实现分离。芦丁的线性方程为：y=2．65x＋0．095（r＝0．9994），线性范围为0．025mg/mL－0．4mg/mL，维生素C的线性方程为：y＝3．1343x＋0．565（r＝0．9991），线性范围0．125mg/mL－1．0mg/mL。方法可用于复方芦丁片的质量控制。     

钙—芦丁极谱络合吸附波的研究

在０．０１ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＯＨ底液中，用单扫示波极谱法可获得钙－芦丁络合吸附波，检出限为８．０＊１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ．电极表面反应速率常数为ｋｓ＝ｄ１．２７ｓ＾－１。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方芦丁片中芦丁和维生素C的含量

采用反相高效液相离子对色谱法,以对氨基苯甲酸为内标,测定了复方芦丁片中芦丁和维生素Ｃ的含量。色谱柱为μ－ＢｏｎｄａｐａｋＣ_（１８）,流动相为甲醇－水（５０：５０）配制的樟脑磺酸溶液（０．００２５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）,检测波长为２５４ｎｍ。并做了线性范围和回收率测定。     

羟乙芦丁在玻碳电极上的阳极微分脉冲伏安法测定

本文对羟乙芦丁在玻碳电极上的阳极微分脉冲安行为进行了研究，发现在Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４溶液中（ｐＨ＝８．９５）于＋０．６４Ｖ（ｖｓ．Ａｇ／ＡｇＣｌ）左右产生一个良好的阳极氧化伏安峰，浓度在５～６０ｍｇ／Ｌ之间与峰电流呈线性关系，不需分离直接测定了片剂中的羟乙芦丁含量。电极反应为扩散速率控制的不可逆可程。     

铁氰化钾化学发光体系测定芦丁

基于在ＮａＯＨ碱性介质中,Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）３－６可以直接氧化芦丁产生强的化学发光这一现象,并结合流动注射分析技术,提出了一种直接化学发光测定芦丁的新方法。该方法测定芦丁的线性范围为１×１０－４～　１×１０－６　ｇ／ｍＬ,检出限为３．４×１０－７　ｇ／ｍＬ（３σ）。对５×１０－６　ｇ／ｍＬ芦丁溶液连续１１次测量的相对标准偏差为３．７％。该方法已成功地用于药片中芦丁含量的测定。     

铋-芦丁极谱络合吸附波的研究

在pH4．6Hac-NaAc缓冲溶液中,用单扫示波极谱法可获得灵敏的Bi（Ⅲ）-芦丁（Rt）络会吸附波。在50×10-8～7．0×10-6mol/L范围内铋浓度与峰高呈线性关系,检测限为3．0×10-8mol/L。测定了硫酸锰试剂中铋的含量。测得电活性络合物组成为Bi（Ⅲ）：Rt=1：2,条件形成常数β=3．9×109。测得电极反应转移系数α=0．42,表面电极反应速率常数ks=15.9s-1。     

镓（III）—芦丁极谱络合吸附波的研究

在（ＣＨ２）６Ｎ－ＨＣｌ缓冲底液中，获得了Ｇａ（ＩＩＩ）－芦丁的络合物吸附催化前波，检出限达１．０×１０＾－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。用其测定了以ＳｉＯ２，Ａｌ２Ｏ３为基体的催化剂中的镓。研究了其电极过程机理。     

毛细管电泳-柱端安培检测测定莲子心中荷叶碱、芦丁和金丝桃甙的含量

采用毛细管电泳-柱端安培检测测定莲子心中荷叶碱、芦丁和金丝桃甙的含量．研究了检测电位、运行缓冲液浓度和pH值,分离电压和进样时间对分离和检测的影响．以微碳圆盘电极（Ф=0.5ram）为工作电极,检测电位为＋0．95V（vs．Ag／AgCl）,pH为7．25的50mmol／L Na2B4O7和100mmol／L NaH2PO4缓冲液为运行液,当分离电压为15kV时,3种分析物在15min内完全分离．荷叶碱、芦丁和金丝桃甙的检出限（S／N=3）分别为0．02μg／mL、0．05μg／mL和0．04μg／mL．该方法已成功地应用于莲子心中上述3种活性成分的测定．     

芦丁、丹皮酚固体表面延迟荧光分析法

建立了以滤纸为基质的中草药有效成分芦丁、丹皮酚的固体表面延迟荧光分析法（roomtemperaturedelayedfluorimetry,RTDF）。对影响延迟荧光强度的各种因素进行了详细的研究,实验表明,芦丁的线性范围为5×10~(－6)~1×10~(-4)mol/L,检出限为0．52ng／斑,丹皮酚的线性范围为1×10~(－6)~1×10~(-3)mol/L,检出限为0．08ng/斑。     

Rutin and Quercetin Decrease Cholesterol in HepG2 Cells but Not Plasma Cholesterol in Hamsters by Oral Administration

Rutin (R) and quercetin (Q) are two widespread dietary flavonoids. Previous studies regarding the plasma cholesterol-lowering activity of R and Q generated inconsistent results. The present study was therefore carried out to investigate the effects of R and Q on cholesterol metabolism in both HepG2 cells and hypercholesterolemia hamsters. Results from HepG2 cell experiments demonstrate that both R and Q decreased cholesterol at doses of 5 and 10 µM. R and Q up-regulated both the mRNA and protein expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), and liver X receptor alpha (LXRα). The immunofluorescence study revealed that R and Q increased the LDLR expression, while only Q improved LDL-C uptake in HepG2 cells. Results from hypercholesterolemia hamsters fed diets containing R (5.5 g/kg diet) and Q (2.5 g/kg diet) for 8 weeks demonstrate that both R and Q had no effect on plasma total cholesterol. In the liver, only Q reduced cholesterol significantly. The discrepancy between the in vitro and in vivo studies was probably due to a poor bioavailability of flavonoids in the intestine. It was therefore concluded that R and Q were effective in reducing cholesterol in HepG2 cells in vitro, whereas in vivo, the oral administration of the two flavonoids had little effect on plasma cholesterol in hamsters.     

Interactions of cholesterol with cyclodextrins in aqueous solution

The interaction of cholesterol with several cyclodextrins (CDs) was investigated in water using solubility method. It was found that heptakis (2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-CD (DOM-beta-CD) forms two types of soluble complex, with molar ratios of 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 (cholesterol : DOM-beta-CD), and neither a soluble nor insoluble complex is formed between cholesterol and alpha-CD, beta-CD, and gamma-CD, although a minor soluble complex formation was observed between cholesterol and 2-hydroxylpropyl-beta-CD. The thermodynamic parameters for 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complex formation of cholesterol with DOM-beta-CD obtained from the changes in K with temperature are as follows: DeltaG degrees (1 : 1)=-11.6 kJ/mol at 25 degrees C (K(1 : 1)=1.09x10(2) M(-1)); DeltaH degrees (1 : 1)=-3.38 kJ/mol; TDeltaS degrees (1 : 1)=8.25 kJ/mol; DeltaG degrees (1 : 2)=-27.1 kJ/mol at 25 degrees C (K(1 : 2)=5.68x10(4) M(-1)); DeltaH degrees (1 : 2)=-3.96 kJ/mol; and TDeltaS degrees (1 : 2)=23.2 kJ/mol. The formation of the 1 : 2 complex occurred much more easily than that of the 1 : 1 complex. The driving force for 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complex formation was considered to be mainly hydrophobic interaction. Also, based on the measurements of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and studies with Corey-Pauling-Koltun atomic models, the probable structutures of the 1 : 2 complex were estimated.     

Synthesis,biological activity and toxicity of chromium(III) metformin complex as potential insulin-mimetic agent in C57BL/6 mice

As an oral hypoglycemic agent, metformin (Met) has become a best-selling inexpensive drug worldwide. In this thesis, [Cr(metformin)₃] (CrMet) complex was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis (EA), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), UV-visible (UV-vis), and molar conductivity. Meanwhile, the molecule structure of CrMet complex was optimized using Gaussian 09. Considering the therapeutic effect of Met and Met/Cr(III) complex on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the biological activities of CrMet in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were evaluated in detail from the aspects of fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FINS), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels. These results indicated that CrMet had beneficial function on blood glucose (BG) and lipid metabolism for diabetes. Additionally, the results of cytotoxicity and toxicity experiments showed that CrMet had no damage to cells and relatively high safety in mice. It maybe a potential candidate as a therapeutic agent in T2DM.     

Spectroscopic Study on the Interaction of Al^3＋ with Flavonoids and BSA

The interaction of Chinese herbal medicine component flavonoids(morin and rutin)with trivalent aluminiumion and the complex of aluminium ion and Bovine Serum Albumin in Hank's artificial simulate body fluid wasstudied using UV-Vis absorption spectra.The result showed that morin and rutin could conjugate with Al~(3 ) inHank's artificial simulate body fluid.It was found that morin and rutin could competed with the complex of alu-minium ion and Bovine Serum Albumin for aluminium ion.The mechanism of flavonoids and Bovine Serum Al-bumin compete aluminium ion was discussed,and the constant of rutin complex with aluminium ion was calculated.     

Red Quinoa Bran Extract Prevented Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Increasing Antioxidative System and Repressing Fatty Acid Synthesis Factors in Mice Fed Alcohol Liquid Diet

Alcohol is metabolized in liver. Chronic alcohol abuse results in alcohol-induced fatty liver and liver injury. Red quinoa (Chenopodium formosanum) was a traditional staple food for Taiwanese aborigines. Red quinoa bran (RQB) included strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory polyphenolic compounds, but it was usually regarded as the agricultural waste. Therefore, this study is to investigate the effect of water and ethanol extraction products of RQB on the prevention of liquid alcoholic diet-induced acute liver injury in mice. The mice were given whole grain powder of red quinoa (RQ-P), RQB ethanol extract (RQB-E), RQB water extract (RQB-W), and rutin orally for 6 weeks, respectively. The results indicated that RQB-E, RQB-W, and rutin decreased alcoholic diet-induced activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and hepatic triglyceride. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of liver tissues showed that RQB-E and RQB-W reduced lipid droplet accumulation and liver injury. However, ethanol extraction process can gain high rutin and antioxidative agents contents from red quinoa, that showed strong effects in preventing alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver injury via increasing superoxide dismutase/catalase antioxidative system and repressing the expressions of fatty acid synthesis enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase.     

Molecular imprinting of β-cyclodextrin/cholesterol template into a silica polymer for cholesterol separation

The molecular assembly formed by the inclusion complex of cholesterol in β-cyclodextrin (β-CD:chol) was used as a template for the molecular imprinting of a sol–gel polymer (MIP/β-CD:chol), produced with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as precursor. The MIP/β-CD:chol and pure silica matrix (PSM) were tested for the efficiency of cholesterol removal from solutions at different cholesterol concentrations (1–10 mg/mL). The adsorption tests were run at 25°C using 1% (w/v) solid/liquid suspensions during 24 h. The MIP/β-CD:chol data on cholesterol adsorption was fitted by the Langmüir isotherm model, giving a maximum adsorption capacity of 76.5 mg cholesterol/g-adsorbent. The PSM data did conform to the Langmüir model. The maximum cholesterol adsorption achieved with the PSM was higher, 251 mg/g, probably due to multilayer adsorption. The hydrophobic silica matrix, imprinted with the inclusion complex of β-CD and a target molecule, has the potential of being used as an adsorbent for other organic molecules.     

Validation of a one-step extraction/methylation method for determination of fatty acids and cholesterol in marine tissues

A simple and fast direct extraction/methylation with methanolic hydrogen chloride was validated for determination of fatty acids (FA) in marine tissues. Three parameters: reaction time, temperature and presence of non-polar solvent, were studied by an experimental 2(3) full factorial design. The method was validated for five different types of samples; cod liver (high lipid content >60%, mainly triacylglycerol), cod muscle (low lipid content, approximately 1%, mainly phospholipids), cod plasma (lipid content, approximately 2%, mainly lipoprotein complex, high water amount), cod testis (lipid content approximately 3%, high levels of cholesterol), and herring muscle (lipid content approximately 7%). The one-step procedure for extraction/methylation of wet tissues was compared with the traditional procedure of extraction of the lipids by the Folch method (chloroform/methanol, 2:1, v/v), followed by methylation. The two methods gave similar FA profiles. The one-step extraction/methylation procedure gave a higher recovery of the total FA than the traditional procedure. Problems with carry-over peaks of cholesterol from previous samples were avoided by application of extra long GC temperature programs. The cholesterol decomposed to some degree under the preceding methanolysis step, giving several peaks in the chromatograms. The decomposition peaks were identified by mass spectrometry as cholestdienes originating from dehydration of cholesterol, a metylether of cholesterol and a cholesteryl chloride. These cholesterol artefacts can be used for quantitative determination of cholesterol in the samples. Standard samples of cholesterol were determined with high accuracy, (R(2)>0.99), and cholesterol in cod plasma was compared with good agreement (R(2)=0.97) to an enzymatic method.     

基于Au纳米通道膜分离测定芦丁

采用化学沉积法将Au沉积到聚碳酸酯滤膜(PC-Mem)上, 制备了直径10 nm左右的Au纳米通道膜(Au-Mem). 实验考察了芦丁在纳米通道膜上的透过特性, 在电场作用下, 芦丁与铝形成的荷电配离子在电场力驱动下透过修饰了对巯基苯胺(PATP)的Au纳米通道膜, 实现了芦丁的分离与测定. 成功地对复方芦丁片中的芦丁分子进行了分离与测定, 回收率为96.3%～99.3%.     

Molecular dynamics simulations of bilayers containing mixtures of sphingomyelin with cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine with cholesterol

We performed six molecular dynamics simulations: three on hydrated bilayers containing pure phospholipids and three on hydrated bilayers containing mixtures of these phospholipids with cholesterol. The phospholipids in our simulations were SSM (sphingomyelin containing a saturated 18:0 acyl chain), OSM (sphingomyelin with an unsaturated 18:1 acyl chain), and POPC (palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine containing one saturated and one unsaturated chain). Data from our simulations were used to study systematically the effect of cholesterol on phospholipids that differed in their headgroup and tail composition. In addition to the structural analysis, we performed an energetic analysis and observed that energies of interaction between cholesterol and neighboring SM molecules are similar to the energies of interaction between cholesterol and POPC. We also observed that the interaction energy between cholesterol and neighboring lipids cannot be used for the determination of which lipids are involved in the creation of a complex.     

A Fiber Optic Biosensor Based on Hydrogel-Immobilized Enzyme Complex for Continuous Determination of Cholesterol and Glucose

A multiparameter fiber optic biosensor for continuous determination of cholesterol and glucose was developed. This sensor was based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)-immobilized glucose oxidase (GOx) complex (PIGC) and immobilized cholesterol oxidase (COD). The immobilized COD catalysis to the oxidation of cholesterol and PIGC catalysis to the oxidation of glucose could be performed at different temperatures. Therefore, the sensor could detect cholesterol and glucose continuously by changing temperature. The optimal detection conditions for glucose were achieved with pH 6.5, 30 °C, and 10 mg GOx (in 100-mg carrier), and those for cholesterol were achieved with pH 7.5, 33 °C, and 25 mg COD (in 250-mg carrier). The sensor has the cholesterol detection range of 20–250 mg/dL and the glucose detection range of 50–700 mg/dL. This biosensor has outstanding repeatability and selectivity, and the detection results of the practical samples are satisfactory.