持续推进人才培养基地建设实现化学创新人才高质量培养

吉林大学化学学科自建立伊始,以创新型化学及相关交叉学科人才为根本目标,历经1993年开始的国家理科基础科学研究和教学人才培养基地建设、2009年开始的“基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划”实施、2020年的“基础学科拔尖学生培养计划2.0基地”建设与基础学科招生改革试点(强基计划)的实施,通过近30年化学基地的持续建设,形成了具有吉大特色的以“厚基础、强能力、会创新”的化学创新人才培养模式。围绕基地持续建设过程中如何针对学科发展以及学生知识结构的变化,不断推进拔尖班、强基班的教学管理模式与课程体系建设,打造高水平师资队伍、加大优质课程建设、探索国家化培养模式等进行介绍。     

分层次、多元化创新实验教学平台的构建——兰州大学化学创新实验教学中心“十二五”发展规划探讨

有效整合优质资源,打造基础训练、科研训练、就业实践3层次的实验教学实践平台,构建教学科研协同、校企联合培养的教学新模式,培养学生科研创新能力、就业创业能力,建设兰州大学化学创新实验教学中心。     

以建设《高分子化学》优秀课程为契机,加强专业建设

通过优秀课程建设,能够带动专业建设工作和教师队伍的培养工作,使教学质量再上一个新台阶.本文以建设<高分子化学>精品课程为模板,介绍了<高分子化学>优秀课程的建设过程,通过积极与工厂进行产、学、研密切合作,在生产实习教学环节实施、教师工程实践能力培养、学生工程实践能力和实验动手能力培养等方面形成了特色,在学科体系建设、理...     

化学课程结构的横向衔接性与创新思维

化学课程结构的横向衔接性包括化学教科书内容的横向衔接性和化学课程设置类型的横向衔接性。从化学教科书内容的横向衔接性分析,化学学科在培养学生的创新思维、提高学生的实践能力上发挥着重要的作用;从化学课程类型的横向衔接性分析,化学学科有利于增强学生探索未知世界的兴趣和能力等。在义务教育阶段的理科综合不能普及的情况下,化学课程结构的横向衔接性对于培养学生的创新思维和实践能力具有独特的作用。     

基于香港高中化学学科校本评核的教、学、评活动设计*

化学实验评价对于培养学生的创新意识和化学学科实践能力具有重要意义,尝试借鉴香港高中化学学科校本评核方法设计“教、学、评”活动促进学生化学学习和实验能力发展。介绍了香港高中化学学科校本评核框架及准则,以人教版《化学1》(2003年课标本)“铁盐和亚铁盐”为例,结合2017年课标设计实验评价量表,通过实验活动串联教学任务,以期实现教、学、评目标。通过评价反馈,促使更加科学、全面地评估学生的实验能力表现,为教师的化学教学实践提供改进依据。     

创新创业教育背景下无机化学实验教学的改革思路

当下是一个竞争的时代。老旧的教学模式难以充分培养具备团结协作、拼搏精神的人才,而创新创业能力的缺乏将严重降低学生的竞争力,最终影响学生的就业。无机化学实验课程作为化学及相关学科的本科生在大学期间所学习的第一门基础性实验课程,在培养学生化学基础知识、科学素养及实践能力等各方面发挥重要作用。为了培养适合新时期社会所需的具有创新创业实践能力的人才,以提升学生高质量就业情况,本文探讨了如何将创新创业教育融入到现有无机化学实验教学体系中去,以达到培养具备创新创业能力人才的目标。本文在总结了目前传统的无机化学实验教学的弊端,提出将创新创业教育融入到无机化学基础实验课程中去的变革方法,即对教材内容去芜存菁,并打造多元教学环节,以及建设全方位的考核机制。     

化学专业本科生创新能力培养的探索与实践

化学是一门实践性很强的学科,因此,在化学专业人才培养的教育中实施大学生科研训练计划尤为重要,是培养学生创新精神与实践能力、提高学生综合素质的重要环节。本文介绍了浙江大学化学专业本科生科研训练计划实施的实践和取得的成效。     

新时代下化学教学论学科的新使命与新挑战——兼评《化学教学论》教材

在我国科技创新发展需求及新时代基础教育强师计划的背景下,探讨了化学教学论学科面临的新使命:为培养师范生的创新意识和创新能力提供强有力的支撑,为基础化学教育培养学生的创新意识和创新能力提供强有力的引领和指导。分析了达成新使命所面临的新挑战:增进对化学学科内容的理解,提升化学专业对话的能力;融通化学教育、教育心理学、科学哲学等领域,明晰化学教育的理论基础;深度反思与融通国内外化学教育研究成果,明晰化学教学论学科的学术性及独特优势;融通化学教育研究与化学课堂教学实践,弥合二者之间的隔阂;加强化学教育研究成果与化学教师教育课程的整合;进一步提升化学教学论学科的外部认同等。     

开放办学背景下化学类通识教育对大学生创新意识与批判思维培养的探索

在开放办学的背景下,以提高学生能力为导向,对化学类通识课程进行改革。采用开放教学方式,通过网络课程建设、组织学生进行社会实践,探究其中的化学问题,将理论教学与实践教学有机结合,培养学生对化学的兴趣和求知欲,让学生做学习的主人;通过探讨和解决具体问题,培养学生的创新实践能力和综合素质,以期融培养学生的化学素养与人文精神于一体,实现化学类通识教育与大学生创新意识及批判思维培养的有机结合。     

本科生创新实践能力的全过程培养探索——以北京科技大学化学与化学工程系为例

为了培养学生的创新实践能力,制订具有创新实践能力培养特色的本科生培养计划;搭建多种形式的创新实践平台;利用本科生导师制根据学生特点进行个性化培养;鼓励科研成果进课堂、进教材,发挥科研反哺教学的作用;建设一支具有创新实践能力和创新实践指导能力的师资队伍;采用在传授知识的同时培养学生创新意识和实践能力的教学方法;建立了能够考查学生创造性地分析问题、解决问题能力的考核模式。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.