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材料粒子的微胶囊化可提高材料的某些耐性['j.群青颜料色泽鲜艳,但不耐酸,对群g粒子进行微胶囊化可改善其耐酸性.但由于相应粒子表面形貌不同,难以辩别与描述.本方使民计算机图像处理['屿模式识别技术['j,并用表面分形维数量化表征粒子的表面形貌['j.1实验部分以群青粒子为芯材、以Na。SIO。与NH。CI水解产物硅胶为膜材,进行粒子的微胶囊化.将改变乳化剂浓度、搅拌速率两系列微胶囊化样品及原样采用JFY-ABI型测色计进行耐酸性色差(凸E)测试.粒子的表面形貌在X-650型扫描电子显微镜(配图像分析仪)下,经过数S化… 相似文献
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Pickering乳滴模板法制备有机/无机杂化的核壳微球越来越引起人们的关注,主要因为该方法制备出的微球具有以无机粒子为壳层的超粒子结构(supracolloidal structure),能够赋予微球独特的功能.胶体粒子在乳滴表面自组装形成有序的球面胶体壳,得到稳定Pickering乳液,固定乳滴表面的胶体粒子来制备核壳结构的微球或者以胶体粒子为壳层的微胶囊(colloidosome).本文综述了我们课题组以Pickering乳滴模板法制备超粒子结构有机/无机杂化微胶囊包括实心微球方面的工作.我们选择具有不同性能、种类的胶体粒子以及具有不同性质和功能的核材料,采用Pickering乳滴模板法,对吸附在乳滴表面的胶体粒子用不同的固定方法制备具有不同结构和性能的微球和微胶囊,利用基于多重Pickering乳液的聚合技术制备双纳米复合的超粒子结构多核聚合物微球. 相似文献
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Raman spectroscopic studies of four specimens from an important angel wall painting in need of conservation work in a medieval
church have provided some information about the pigments and pigment compositions which will influence possible future preservation
and restoration strategies. Excitation of the Raman spectra at 1,064 nm in macroscopic mode and at 785 nm in microscopic mode
revealed that the white pigment on the angel's wings was a mixture of barytes with calcite and lead white in minor composition.
Although the specimens provided were not directly associated with coloured regions of the painting, yellow and blue microcrystals
were found and they were identified as chrome yellow and lazurite, respectively. Red and brown particles were identified as
cinnabar/vermilion and haematite. Several green particles were also found but could not be identified. The green and blue
crystals could be related to neighbouring coloured regions of the artwork and the yellow colour could be identified as a background
to the angel figure. Particles of carbon were found to be dispersed throughout the specimens and can be ascribed to soot from
candles, heating stoves or oil lamps providing lighting in the church. No evidence for biological deterioration was found
from the spectra. The unusual pigment palette is strongly suggestive of a later date of painting than was originally believed
but there is a possibility that an earlier rendition exists underneath. Following a review of the spectroscopic data, a more
extensive sampling protocol is recommended, from which some stratigraphic evidence could identify the underlying plaster and
possible artwork. 相似文献
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Castro K Pérez-Alonso M Rodríguez-Laso MD Madariaga JM 《Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy》2004,60(12):2919-2924
Raman micro-probe spectroscopy has been applied to the analysis of a non catalogued hand-crafted wallpaper during its restoration process. The analysis has been totally non-destructive without the necessity of taking any sample. The artwork showed a great chromatic palette having been detected the presence of calcium carbonate, Prussian blue, ultramarine blue, gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O), minium (Pb3O4), vermilion (HgS), chrome orange (CaCO3), chrome yellow (PbCrO4), barium sulphate and carbon black (C). From the spectroscopic analysis the date of its manufacturing has been set between 1828 and 1830, introduction of chrome yellow and orange, as well as artificial ultramarine blue, and 1840, when continuous industrial wallpapers were extensively manufactured in Europe. 相似文献
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Castro K Vandenabeele P Rodríguez-Laso MD Moens L Madariaga JM 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2004,379(4):674-683
Raman micro-spectroscopy was chosen for analysis and identification of the pigments present in four nineteenth-century hand-coloured lithographs, as this technique has several advantages over others for this purpose. The possibility of performing completely non-destructive analysis without any sampling is probably one of its most favourable qualities for art analysis. Raman spectroscopy can also be used to determine some pigments that cannot be detected using FTIR, such as vermilion, carbon blacks, cadmium pigments, etc. Among others, Prussian blue, ultramarine blue, carbon black, chrome yellow, yellow ochre, red lead, red iron oxide, burnt Sienna, indigo blue, chrome orange, phthalocyanine green, and some other organic pigments, were determined in the specimens. The results obtained have led to doubts about the age of the lithographs. 相似文献
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Rosi F Burnstock A Van den Berg KJ Miliani C Brunetti BG Sgamellotti A 《Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy》2009,71(5):1655-1662
The palette used in two paintings by Paul Cézanne, L'étang des soeurs dated c. 1875 and La route tournante, made in the last year of his life (1902), were analyzed using non-invasive spectroscopic methods. X-ray fluorescence combined with principal components analysis (PCA) and supported by reflectance near- and mid-FTIR was shown to be a powerful analytical tool to draw conclusions about the chemical identification of inorganic materials in paintings. Pigments and fillers such us Thénard's blue, Prussian blue, red ochre, kaolin, vermilion, lead white, zinc white and barium sulphate, were identified. Evidence for three different pigments, namely a copper arsenite pigment, chrome green (a mixture of chrome yellow and Prussian blue) and viridian has been obtained by the PCA analysis of elemental compositions of green hues. 相似文献
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New applications of micro-Raman spectroscopy are presented here for the investigation of colouring agents in a wax model of plant and of corrosion products on metal artworks. A late 1700 wax model of Camellia japonica L. was studied in order to characterise the nature of white, red and green colours of petals and leaves. White and red colours of petals were identified as pigments of baryte and a mixture of cinnabar and carmine lake, respectively. Fragments taken from leaves with different green hues were also studied; only yellow grains were isolated in this case which were identified as orpiment and yellow chrome. The applicability of micro-Raman spectroscopy to the study of corrosion products on metal objects is presented here for iron archaeological artefacts and for lead samples taken from the cupolas of the Consolata Sancturay in Turin. Analysis of blackish and reddish corrosion patinas entirely covering the archaeological iron objects led to the identification of magnetite and maghemite, goethite and lepidocrocite, respectively. As to lead fragments, the main corrosion product was lead sulphate, and minor amounts of lead carbonate, nitrate and oxide (litharge) were also found. 相似文献
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An electrochemical method was developed for production of lead chrome pigment from Cr(VI)-containing spent solutions of electroplating shops and lead battery scrap. 相似文献
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《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》2017,52(6):347-352
In the past, chrome yellow (lead chromate, PbCrO4), a bright orange‐red substance, has been widely used as an inorganic pigment in the production of paints, coatings, and plastics. Herein, we demonstrate that laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI‐MS) is a powerful tool for the detection of lead chromate in solid residues. In fact, lead chromate in trace amounts is easily detectable by LDI‐MS even from residues left as latent prints. For example, a latent print obtained by stamping the exposed laterally cut surface of a pencil over 50 years old on an acetonitrile‐moistened paper, was successfully imaged for both lead and chromate using a Synapt G2 HDMS mass spectrometer. After rastering the print with a 355 nm laser beam and recording positive‐ and negative‐ion mass spectra over the range m/z 50–1200, we generated false‐color ‘heat maps’ (single‐ion images) for 208Pb+• (m/z 207.98) and Cr2O6−• (m/z 199.85). The heat maps matched closely with the faint visual image of the pencil imprint. Moreover, our results confirmed that lead chromate was used in the pigment coatings of old pencils. Evidently, LDI‐MS imaging is an efficient procedure to survey for the presence of lead and chromate in minerals and other materials. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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提出了电感耦合等离子体原子原子发射光谱测定铬矿中的铅、锌、镍、钛、磷含量的方法,选择各元素的分析谱线,采用正交试验的方法确定仪器的工作参数,方法的检出限0.22 ~1.50ug·L-1 ,方法的回收率在89%~112%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)小于1.45%,方法用于铬矿杂元素的分析结果与现有的国标检验方法测定值一致。填补无铬矿中铅、锌、钛元素检测方法的空白。 相似文献
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Josep A. Picas Miquel Punset M. Teresa Baile Enric Martín Antonio Forn 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2011,43(10):1346-1353
Hard chrome plating has been used in several different applications in industries that require abrasive sliding wear resistance, such as hydraulic pistons, shafts or bearings. However, the increasing environmental and worker safety pressures on electrolytic hard chrome are leading companies to adopt alternatives. The improvements of the high‐velocity‐oxy‐fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process allow the chromium coating replacement with a comparable or superior surface treatment and are more environmentally friendly. This HVOF process, as a flexible dry‐coating technology, avoids high‐volume waste streams and enables a flexible choice of coating material for each application. The cobalt–chromium‐cemented tungsten carbides are some of the easiest materials to spray and the WC‐10Co‐4Cr coatings have demonstrated superior performance over hard chrome with regard to mechanical and tribological properties. In this work, this coating has been deposited with a Sulzer Metco WokaJet‐400 kerosene fuel spray gun, and the spray conditions have been optimized in order to ensure the best properties of the coatings. The mechanical and tribological properties have been evaluated in coatings sprayed with four deposition conditions that involve different gas flow rates. The most wear‐resistant coating is obtained with those HVOF parameters that prevent decarburization of WC particles and, at the same time, allow an adequate agglomerate melting giving a good intersplat adhesion. The results indicate that HVOF‐sprayed WC‐CoCr coatings are a reliable alternative to electrolytic hard chrome (EHC) in the aeronautical industry to coat landing gear components. In particular, in the dry wear tests, the WC‐CoCr coatings outperform hard chrome coatings in wear resistance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Evidence for Degradation of the Chrome Yellows in Van Gogh’s Sunflowers: A Study Using Noninvasive In Situ Methods and Synchrotron‐Radiation‐Based X‐ray Techniques 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Letizia Monico Prof. Koen Janssens Dr. Ella Hendriks Frederik Vanmeert Dr. Geert Van der Snickt Dr. Marine Cotte Dr. Gerald Falkenberg Prof. Brunetto Giovanni Brunetti Dr. Costanza Miliani 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(47):13923-13927
This paper presents firm evidence for the chemical alteration of chrome yellow pigments in Van Gogh’s Sunflowers (Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam). Noninvasive in situ spectroscopic analysis at several spots on the painting, combined with synchrotron‐radiation‐based X‐ray investigations of two microsamples, revealed the presence of different types of chrome yellow used by Van Gogh, including the lightfast PbCrO4 and the sulfur‐rich PbCr1?xSxO4 (x≈0.5) variety that is known for its high propensity to undergo photoinduced reduction. The products of this degradation process, i.e., CrIII compounds, were found at the interface between the paint and the varnish. Selected locations of the painting with the highest risk of color modification by chemical deterioration of chrome yellow are identified, thus calling for careful monitoring in the future. 相似文献