Corkscrew运动影响束流发射度的数值分析

在直线加速器中，始终存在束流质心轴、束流传输管道几何轴、束流聚焦传输磁场磁轴等三轴不一致问题。当束轴与磁轴存在夹角，而且束流脉冲（平顶）期间存在能量差别时，将引起束心的Corkscrew运动。斜入射的束流在轴向磁场中传输时，由于束流脉冲（平顶）期间不可避免的能量差别，导致不同时刻的束片质心螺旋运动的相位不同，在束流到达同一个位置时，不同时刻束片的质心在同一个考察点具有不同的横向位置。束心Corkscrew运动会造成很多不良后果。针对束心Corkscrew运动造成束流积分发射度的增长情况开展数值模拟研究，为采取相应的抑制措施提供参考和依据。     

强流直线感应加速器中束流质心横向运动初步计算

 “神龙一号”强流脉冲加速器由72个直线感应加速腔和18个用于测试和真空泵接口的多功能腔组成。直线感应加速器的研制建造中磁轴对中偏差和聚焦磁场的自然偏差所引起的束流质心偏移轨道中心是不可避免的，由于束脉冲期间存在能散，使束流产生Corkscrew运动,导致束流品质变坏。而束脉冲期间的能散只能减小到一定水平，因此必需采取一定的措施抑制Corkscrew幅度的增长。在加速器的安装阶段，脉冲悬丝技术被应用于准直加速段聚焦磁场，并在磁轴准直测试的同时对磁场固有倾斜偏差进行初步校正。根据脉冲悬丝测试所得实验数据，采用传输矩阵法对加速段束质心轨迹进行了初步估计，计算中考虑了各加速腔聚焦磁场的倾斜和偏移误差。给出了计算结果和分析。     

强流脉冲束在螺旋管透镜中的非线性传输计算

为计算强流脉冲束在螺旋管透镜6维相空间中的非线性传输,用Visual Fortran 6.5语言设计了一个计算程序,计算由漂浮空间、螺旋管透镜等元件组成的束流光学系统。程序在计算非强流脉冲束流的线性传输时,粒子的轨迹通过矩阵的直接相乘计算得出;程序在计算强流脉冲束流的非线性传输时,需要考虑束流中的空间电荷效应对束流传输的影响,在束流运动过程中,空间电荷场也在不断地变化,而且粒子运动的轨迹与空间电荷势又是相互依赖的,因此需要求得一个自洽的解,先把元件分成若干均等的区间,把电流分成若干等份,后采用束流电流迭代与元件区间迭代的计算方法。程序运行结束时,横向和纵向相图以及束流光学系统的束流包络线可以在微机屏幕上直观地显示出来。     

磁铁边缘场对注入束流的影响

在兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环工程(HIRFL–CSR)实验环的注入设计过程中,通过对束流在侧面边缘场作用下运动的反向数值跟踪,得到注入束流通过二极磁铁和四极透镜边缘场的传输矩阵,并同理想场对束流的作用进行了比较.通过改变注入束流中心轨道及对磁铁的重新设计,将磁铁边缘场对注入束流的影响减小到可以控制的范围.     

强流束在二极磁场中传输的模拟计算

为了研究空间电荷力对束流在二极磁场中传输的影响,从理论上用矩阵法分析非强流脉冲束流与强流脉冲束流在二极磁场中的传输矩阵,编写了束流在二极磁场等元件中传输的计算程序。用Powell优化方法计算非强流束传输实现给定的光学条件,用迭代方法计算强流束传输获得自洽解。在不同束流流强条件下,运用该程序与其他程序进行了模拟计算,并对模拟结果进行了比较分析。模拟结果表明:束流流强越大,束流包络曲线横向发散越显著,空间电荷效应越强。     

通过响应矩阵计算横向振荡的振幅函数和相位

 响应矩阵反映了束流位置监测器（BPM）位置处观察到的束流在校正铁磁场空间中的运行规律。根据电子储存环理论模型,采用迭代方法从实测响应矩阵计算束流横向振荡的振幅函数和相位。计算结果的精度主要受响应矩阵测量误差、BPM测量误差和校正铁电源刻度误差影响。计算响应矩阵的误差代表了迭代所采用的工作点的正确度,实际的工作点对应于计算响应矩阵的最小均方差,以此可推导实际的工作点。     

消毒灭菌用电子直线加速器物理设计

介绍了杀灭邮件中携带炭疽菌用2MeV电子直线加速器的物理设计过程, 其中包括加速结构设计和束流动力学的计算:加速结构基本参数、纵向相运动、能量增长情况以及束流能谱、聚焦线圈设计和束流横向聚焦计算等.该加速装置经过测试各项指标已达到设计要求.     

双圆筒加速透镜中强流束传输的模拟

用矩阵法分析非强流束流与强流束流在双圆筒加速透镜中的传输,编写束流在双圆筒加速透镜等元件中传输的计算程序DCALENS.采用优化方法实现给定的光学条件,用迭代方法计算强流束传输获得自洽解.在不同束流流强条件下,用DCALENS程序进行模拟计算,并对模拟结果进行比较分析.结果表明:束流流强越大,束流包络曲线横向发散越显著,空间电荷力越强;束流流强大于2 A时,束流包络曲线发散明显.     

束流四维横向相空间密度函数的测量原理

 Radon变换与参数可调的输运元件结合,可以为束流诊断提供一种与束流模型无关的新方法。此方法与计算机图象处理技术的结合至少可以使测定束流横向发射度的精度提高一个量级,而且可以得到足够分辨率的束流四维横向相空间分布。该方法为加速器,特别是高亮度强流加速器的研制提供了一种有力的监测工具。为研究束流传输、验证束流动力学理论提供了更为可靠的判据。     

强散射过程中基于奇异值分解的光学传输矩阵优化方法

通过测量散射介质的传输矩阵能够控制光在此介质中的传输,但目前没有通过优化传输矩阵(即搜索介质本征传输矩阵)来提高光传输效率的研究.通过测量介质的传输矩阵进行奇异值分解与背景滤波,初步优化了传输矩阵后,提出通过遗传算法再次优化传输矩阵,实现了进一步优化传输矩阵,提高了聚焦效率和信噪比.所提方法为可见光在生物组织中的成像提供了一种新的思路和方法.     

厄米-高斯光束的M2因子矩阵

提出了厄米-高斯光场的M²因子矩阵.引入束半宽平方的交叉项、M²因子的交叉项,理论推导出了在同一坐标系下光场旋转一定角度后的M²因子矩阵,数值模拟了与M²因子矩阵有关的各参数随光场旋转角度变化的规律,给出了光场的M²因子矢量点随光场旋转角度变化的轨迹曲线.计算结果与理论推导结果相符,证实了利用M²因子矩阵可以将旋转前后的二维厄米-高斯光场用旋转矩阵统一起来.该方法可推广到对一般的二维高阶高斯光束的光束质量的理论分析上,具有普适性,对光束质量的实际测量有重要的理论指导意义. 关键词： M²因子矩阵')" href="#">M²因子矩阵 厄米-高斯光束 非对称激光束 矩阵光学     

一阶光学系统分数傅里叶变换的相空间分析

在维格纳相空间中,通过将一阶光学系统的传输矩阵分解为坐标旋转、比例缩放和啁啾矩阵的组合,得到了一阶光学系统在空域的分数傅里叶表示.结果表明:任意一阶光学系统均可表示为经过比例缩放和二次相位调制的分数傅里叶变换.通过将输入输出光场在相空间中作π/2角旋转,得到了一阶光学系统在频域的传输矩阵和衍射积分公式,进而得到了一阶光学系统在频域的分数傅里叶表示.比较空域和频域一阶光学系统的相空间变换矩阵,说明2个系统本质上属同一变换在不同基坐标下的表示,并推导出了光学系统在空域和频域具有相同分数傅里叶变换的条件.     

A Novel Implementation Technique of Conical Scan Radar Using A Programmable Phased Array

In radar, planar phased array antenna plays vital role in electronic scanning in the azimuth and elevation direction to the horizon. In most operations using planar phased array both the coordinates of azimuth and elevation, are steered electronically. In this paper a conceptual schematic of a phased array antenna with programmable time delay units has been presented. It is shown that by suitably exploiting the time delay matrix one can have electronic beam rotation around the target axis as required in conical scan. Thus both the elevation and azimuth motors in conical scan system are replaced by electronic scanning. Heuristically, we have selected eight consecutive points for beam rotation in a polygon shape and can also be extended almost circular shape by increasing number of array elements and phase shifter (delays) in the delay matrix. The array requires dual control of phase gradient and individual phase values. The whole array is controlled by micro-controller. This presents exciting possibilities in radar operation.     

Beam alignment with the axis of a rotation stage for laser fabrication of microcircular structures

An optical technique to align laser beam with the axis of a rotating stage is proposed for laser fabrication of circular microstructures. The laser beam is first aligned parallel to the rotation axis and subsequently adjusted to coincide with the axis. An optical arrangement consisting of two quadrant photodiodes for the x- and y-directions and a specially designed beam splitter is utilized for the alignment. Mathematical modeling of the alignment system is carried out to estimate alignment errors caused by misalignment of mirror surfaces in the beam path. It is shown that parallelness of the laser beam to the rotation axis is a key factor to reduce alignment errors. The proposed method was applied to a microstereolithography system and proved that the laser beam can be aligned within a distance of about 25 μm from the rotation axis.     

Observation of the transfer of the local angular momentum density of a multiringed light beam to an optically trapped particle

We observe the spinning and orbital motion of a microscopic particle trapped within a multiringed light beam that arises from the transfer of the spin and orbital components of the light's angular momentum. The two rotation rates are measured as a function of the distance between the particle and the axis of the trapping beam. The radial dependence of these observations is found to be in close agreement with the accepted theory.     

A modified transfer matrix method for the study of the bending vibration band structure in phononic crystal Euler beams

We introduce a modified transfer matrix (MTM) method for the calculation of the bending vibration band structure of one-dimensional phononic crystal (PC) Euler beams. A particular combination of hyperbolic functions and triangular functions is introduced to transform the state parameters of the transfer matrix (TM) method into four initial parameters, which have the explicit meanings of the displacement, rotation angle, bending moment and shear force at one beam end. The method is used to calculate the band structures of two PC Euler beams constructed from aluminum–Lucite and 100 kinds of materials. The effectiveness and high efficiency of the MTM method are demonstrated by the results. Several advantages make it a proper choice for the calculation of the bending vibration band structure of PC Euler beams.     

Mueller matrix-based optimization of reflective type twisted nematic liquid crystal SLM at oblique incidences

Mueller matrix measurements were used to characterize the polarization properties of liquid crystal-based reflective type twisted nematic (TN) special light modulator (SLM) at oblique incidence of the laser beam. The experimentally obtained Mueller matrices were used to obtain the combination of polarization optics required to optimize it for phase only modulation. The results indicate that minimum intensity modulation is obtained with the use of a polarizer followed by a quarter wave plate (QWP) in polarization state generator (PSG) arm and a QWP followed by an analyzer in polarization state analyzer arm (PSA). Polarization parameters such as retardance, rotation and depolarization were calculated from the experimentally obtained Mueller matrices using polar decomposition method at different angle of incidences of the laser beam and the results has been discussed. The similarity between retardance and depolarization curve as a function of address voltage of TNSLM indicated that depolarization is mainly associated with errors in retardance values. Further, spectral Mueller matrix measurements were used to obtain intensity modulation response in the range of wavelengths 450-700 nm for broadband applications.     

左手材料平板对傍轴高斯光束聚焦特性分析

在傍轴近似下,推导出了左手材料平板聚焦系统的传输矩阵,并利用ABCD定律得到了高斯光束在左手材料中和经过平板透镜聚焦后的传输公式。高斯光束在左手材料内部和像空间的传输公式的研究表明:像高斯光束和物高斯光束束腰大小一致,即左手材料平板透镜实际上对高斯光束没有聚焦作用。研究同时表明左手材料平板对高斯光束的聚焦与几何光学成像规律完全一致,而不存在一般透镜聚焦时的焦移效应。     

Transfer matrices of dipoles with bending radius variation

With the increasing demand of high brightness in light source, the uniform dipole can not meet the needs of low emittance, and thus the dipole with bending radius variation is introduced in this paper. The transfer matrix of a non-uniform dipole whose bending radius is linearly changed is chosen as an example and a very simple calculation formula of non-uniform dipole transfer matrices is given. The transfer matrices of some common profile non-uniform dipoles are also listed. The comparison of these transfer matrices and the matrices calculated with slices method verifies the numerical accuracy of this formula. This method can make the non-uniform beam dynamic problem simpler, very helpful for emittance research and lattice design with non-uniform dipoles.     

The steady state out-of-plane response of an internally damped ring supported by springs in some bays

The steady state out-of-plane response of an internally damped ring supported by springs in some bays to a sinusoidally varying point force or moment is determined by use of the transfer matrix technique. For this purpose, the equations of out-of-plane vibration of a uniform circular ring based upon the Timoshenko beam theory are written as a coupled set of first order differential equations by using the transfer matrix of the ring. The matrix is obtained analytically and the steady state response of the ring is determined by the product of the matrices in free bays and those in supported bays. In this case, the elastic moduli of the ring and springs with internal damping are assumed to be complex quantities. The method is applied to rings supported against deflection and torsion in some bays of the same length located at equal angular intervals; the driving point impedance, transfer impedance and the distributions of the deflection, angular rotation, force and moment are calculated numerically, and the effects of the number, the stiffness and the length of supporting springs on them are studied.