SAPO-5及AlPO_4-5分子筛表面羟基及酸性的红外光谱研究

本文用红外光谱法以重水和吡啶为探针分子考察了AlPO_4-5,SAPO-5和HZSM-5分子筛上的表面羟基和酸性质。结果表明,在SAPO-5上3745cm~(-1),3677cm~(-1),3630cm~(-1)和3520cm~(-1)附近出现四个羟基谱带,并且都是酸性羟基,而AIPO_4-5仅在3677cm~(-1)和3630cm~(-1)处存在两个非常微弱的羟基峰。吡啶吸附的红外光谱实验结果进一步表明SAPO-5上同时存在B酸和L酸中心。从氨的程序升温脱附谱明显看出HZSM-5沸石上存在有强酸和中强酸两类酸中心,而AlPO_4-5和SAPO-5上只有中强酸这一类酸中心,其总酸量和酸强度的大小次序为:HZSM-5>SAPO-5>AlPO_4-5。     

离子交换超稳Y型(USY)分子筛的红外光谱研究

用红外光谱法考察了HY,CaHY,LaHY及相应的经超稳化处理的USY,CaUSY,LaUSY分子筛。也对比了HY,USY及其进一步用NH_4~+交换的USYH分子筛。USY的3700cm~(-1)特征谱带强度不仅与Na~+含量有关,也与其它阳离子如Ca~(2+),La~(3+)的含量有关。从OH基伸缩振动区的谱带看到,La有稳定结构羟基和抑制脱铝的作用。观察了各超稳化分子筛的各个OH基谱带及它们在不同吡啶脱附温度下的变化。HY,USY刚USYH的酸量及其强度有很大差别,它们的B酸强度不同,USYH的L酸强度出乎预料地高。正癸烷裂化活性与B酸有较好对应关系。讨论了超稳化处理、阳离子性质、后NH_4~+交换等因素对分子筛的酸性、稳定性和酸中心可接近性的影响。     

高分散钌和载体相互作用的红外光谱研究

利用原位红外光谱方法研究了CO在浸渍制得的1%Ru/X(D_(Ru):40—60)上的化学吸附(X为SiO_2,Al_2O_3,SiO_2-Al_2O_3,HY分子筛)。发现室温吸附 CO时,当载体由 SiO_2→Al_2O_3→SiO_2-Al_2O_3→HY时,吸附态 CO谱带蓝移,高频谱带相对强度增加,吸附温度改变时,相当于 Ru~(δ )(CO)_4的多重吸附态(～2155cm~(-1),～2100cm~(-1)…)在Ru/HY,Ru/SiO_2-Al_2O_3及Ru/Al_2O_3上出现的温度分别为室温、150℃及350℃.在Ru/SiO_2上任何温度下都不出现,认为载体的酸性对高分散Ru和载体间的相互作用有明显影响。     

LaHY表面与NaOH的作用及酸性表面性质研究

用正丁胺滴定和吡啶—红外光谱法,研究了LaHY表面上酸性中心与NaOH的作用机理及酸性表面性质。NaOH与LaHY表面上酸性中心作用的计量比与正丁胺滴定时不同。中和同样数量的酸性中心所消耗NaOH的当量数比正丁胺多,其差值与Lewis酸的含量有关。假定NaOH与LaHY表面上酸性中心作用的机理为:一当量Bronsted酸与一当量NaOH作用,而一当量Lewis酸消耗两当量NaOH,则可借助正丁胺滴定和NaOH中和法测定Bronsted酸和Lewis酸的含量。红外光谱测定的结果支持这一观点。 研究结果还表明,LaHY表面的酸性分布是不均匀的,异丙苯裂解反应是在不同强度的酸性中心上进行的。不同强度的酸性中心对总活性的贡献不同,而贡献的大小又与反应温度有关。     

苯在NaHY沸石上的吸附热及红外光谱研究

本文用气相色谱法在250-300 ℃的范围内, 测定了苯在不同Na:H比的NaHY的初始吸附热. 结果发现 ,随着Na含量的减少, 苯在NaHY上的吸附热作阶梯式的下降, 即由NaY上的62.4 kJ·mol~(-1)经过60.3 kJ.mol~(-1)降至HY上的54.6 kJ mol~(-1). 红外光谱的研究结果表明, 苯在NaY上吸附产生的1848和1984 cm~(-1)一对吸收带,在HY上吸附产生的1832和1975cm~(-1)一对吸收带,可以分别表征苯和NaHY中的Na~+以及H~+的作用. 根据上述结果讨论了苯在NaHY上吸附位的性质、吸附作用的强弱以及Na~+离子的定位状况。     

红外光谱定量法研究醇在正烷烃中的氢键缔合

测定了正十六醇-正己烷烃溶液(0.01～0.20 mol·L~(-1))在不同浓度下的红外光谱, 并用付里叶自去卷积-曲线拟合法(Fourier Self-decon-volution and curve-fitting)对谱图进行了解析。结果将醇羟基峰归属为: (1)单体羟基峰(3646.6 m~(-1))、(2)链状缔合体末端游离羟基峰(3633.8 cm~(-1))、(3)环状二聚体羟基峰(3535.1 cm~(-1))、(4)链式二聚体缔合羟基峰(3474c m~(-1))和(5)链状多聚体组合羟基峰(3337 cm~(-1))五种类型, 并得出它们随浓度的分布规律。     

Hβ沸石及其稀土改性后红外光谱研究

用红外光谱(IR)研究了Hβ沸石和稀土(La、Ce、Nd)氧化物改性的Hβ沸石,同时测定了苯-异丙醇烷基化反应后的Hβ沸石和La-Hβ沸石的红外光谱。考察了吸附吡啶后不同温度脱附时1545cm~(-1)吸收峰(Bronsted酸)和1454cm~(-1)吸收峰(Lewis酸)强度的变化。实验发现,在波数为3615cm~(-1)和3740cm~(-1)处有两个表示OH基振动的谱峰,前者与Bronsted酸相对应,酸性较强。稀土氧化物改性降低了B酸量,增加了L酸量,而且在波数为1603cm~(-1)和1445cm~(-1)处出现两个新的吸收峰。本文讨论了苯-异丙醇烷基化反应活性、稳定性与沸石表面酸性质的关系。     

ZSM-5沸石上Brnsted酸的红外光谱测定法及改性ZSM-5沸石的表面酸性研究

研究各种 ZSM-5沸石样品的红外光谱发现:在1875和2000cm~(-1)附近有两个强红外吸收谱带,两个谱带吸光度的比值是个特征值。本文提出了以2000cm~(-1)谱带为“内标”,用相对吸光度的办法处理 ZSM-5沸石的红外光谱,测定了各种改性ZSM-5 样品的 Br(?)nsted 酸,并同电位滴定法所测得的 Br(?)nsted 酸浓度和异丙苯裂解活性分别关联,都有较好的对应关系。文中以实验为依据讨论了1875和2000cm~(-1)谱带的归属,并根据 Beer-Lambert 定律,推导出了相对吸光度与浓度的关系,从而确立了 ZSM-5沸石上红外光谱定量处理方法的理论基础。     

ZSM-5沸石上Brönsted酸的红外光谱测定法及改性ZSM-5沸石的表面酸性研究

研究各种 ZSM-5沸石样品的红外光谱发现: 在1875和2000 cm~(-1)附近有两个强红外吸收谱带, 两个谱带吸光度的比值是个特征值。本文提出了以2000 cm~(-1)谱带为“内标”, 用相对吸光度的办法处理ZSM-5沸石的红外光谱, 测定了各种改性ZSM-5样品的Brönsted酸, 并同电位滴定法所测得的Brönsted 酸浓度和异丙苯裂解活性分别关联, 都有较好的对应关系。文中以实验为依据讨论了1875和2000 cm~(-1)谱带的归属, 并根据Beer-Lambert定律, 推导出了相对吸光度与浓度的关系, 从而确立了ZSM-5沸石上红外光谱定量处理方法的理论基础。     

镧离子在Y型分子筛中的定位和移动性的红外光谱研究

利用镧离子与吡啶互相作用在红外光谱中出现的1445cm~(-1)特征吸收带,考察了镧离子在LaHY分子筛中随着交换度增加时的定位状况。在同样的活化和真空脱气的条件下,低镧交换度的LaHY,其镧离子定位在小笼中;当镧交换度超过69％以后,镧离子出现在大笼中。La(98)HY的X光衍射结果与红外光谱测定的结果一致。改变真空脱气温度时,发现镧离子在Y型分子筛中移动。在室温下交换而定位在大笼中的水合镧离子,随着脱气温度的提高,逐渐转移到小笼中。高交换度的LaHY,在更高的脱气温度下,一部分镧离子又回到大笼中;再经吸水和脱水,镧离子又可返回小笼中。这说明镧离子在Y型分子筛中是可移动的,而且其移动性与脱水过程有关。     

新型重整催化剂的研究—Pt／BaKL型沸石中钡的作用

本文采用XRD,NH_3-TPD,IR以及TEM等方法考察了Pt/BaKL沸石中Ba~(2+)的作用。NH_3-TPD结果表明,交换Ba~(2+)后的L型沸石的酸性,由于阳离子的作用仅在弱酸范围内有些改变,但与载铂的沸石的催化活性无明显的对应关系。IR及XRD谱线表明,BaKL沸石中Ba~(2+)在最佳交换度(26.3%)时,随预培烧温度的提高,使Ba~(2+)处于沸石孔道中B、C、D位置,接近于最佳分布,此时IR谱线上1421cm~(-1)处有一新峰。当沸石负载铂后,因铂与Ba~(2+)的相互作用,新峰消失,导致铂粒在沸石上分布更加均匀;铂粒在1.5—3.0nm之间占有最大比例,使得Pt/BaKL沸石呈现芳构化活性及选择性高于Pt/KL沸石,分别为～98%和～95%。     

Trimethylamine as a probe molecule to differentiate acid sites in Y-FAU zeolite: FTIR study

In heterogeneous catalysis acidity has a very important influence on activity and selectivity: correct determination of acidic properties is a base to improve industrial processes. The aim of this work was to study trimethylamine (TMA) as a probe molecule able to distinguish between the different Br?nsted acid sites in zeolitic frameworks. Our work mainly focused on faujasite-type zeolites because the HY zeolite is one of the most used acidic catalysts in industrial processes. In this paper, typical IR bands assigned to TMA-protonated species (formed in supercages) are detected in the HY zeolite. TMA interacting by hydrogen bonding with the acid sites located in the sodalite units is also observed. The wavenumbers of some typical IR bands assigned to TMA-protonated species appear to depend on the acidic strength, and a complementary study with ZSM-5 and X-FAU samples confirms this proposition.     

OH GROUPS AND ACIDIC PROPERTIES OF SAPO-5 AND AIPO_4-5 WITH IR

The hydroxyl groups and their acidic properties of AlPO_4-5, SAPO-5 and HZSM-5 havebeen examined by means of IR spectroscopy using the adsorption of D_2O and pyridine asa probe. Four hydroxyl groups characterized by the bands near 3745, 3677, 3630 and 3520cm~(-1) are clearly observed and they are acidic on the sample of SAPO-5. Only two very weakbands at 3677 and 3630 cm~(-1) on AlPO_4-5 could be found. The experiments further indicatethat both of Bronsted and Lewis acid sites are present on the SAPO-5. From NH_3-TPD itis found that the HZSM-5 contains two types of acid sites, medium and strong, while theSAPO-5 contains only one type of medium acid sites. The order of a total amount ofacidity and acid strength is HZSM-5>SAPO-5>AlPO_4-5.     

不同尺度和分散状态的钯纳米粒子红外光学性能研究

运用CO分子探针红外光谱研究不同尺度和分散状态的钯纳米粒子的红外光学性能.结果表明,粒子尺度为6.6nm分散的球型钯纳米粒子(Pdn)和粒子尺度为100～150nm分散的立方体型钯纳米粒子(Pdncube)均给出两个不同吸附方式的桥式CO红外谱峰,其吸收峰位置约在1970cm-1和1910cm-1.将Pdn引入到电极表面后,通过界面电化学诱导使之形成团聚体(Pdnag),其红外光学性能发生显著变化,表现为随着界面电化学诱导时间的增加,其1970cm-1处的谱峰方向从正常转为异常.本研究进一步证明红外谱峰方向的倒反是由于粒子间的相互作用引起的.     

SAPO－34分子筛表面酸性质的研究

以水热合成法制备了三个具有不同硅磷铝组成的硅磷酸铝分子筛ＳＡＰＯ－３４样品，采用红外光谱（ＩＲ）和氨法程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）两种方法考察了它们的表面酸性质。红外谱图中的３６００ｃｍ－１和３６２１ｃｍ－１谱峰归属于处于ＳＡＰＯ－３４分子筛结构中不同位置的两种桥联羟基（Ｓｉ－ＯＨ－Ａｌ）的振动。ＮＨ３－ＩＲ测定结果显示，这两种羟基具有较强的Ｂ酸特性，并且是分子筛酸性的主要来源；而分子筛具有的Ｌ酸中心的酸性较弱。比较三个样品的ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ、ＮＨ_３－ＩＲ和骨架组成后发现，ＳＡＰＯ－３４的酸性受其骨架硅含量的强烈影响：当Ｓｉ／Ａｌ摩尔比小于１时，酸性随硅含量增高而变弱；当Ｓｉ／Ａｌ摩尔比大于１时，酸性将随硅含量增高而变强。     

Infrared spectroscopic investigation of CO adsorption on SBA-15- and KIT-6-supported nickel phosphide hydrotreating catalysts

The infrared (IR) spectra of CO adsorbed on 10, 20, and 30 wt % nickel phosphide-containing reduced SBA-15 and KIT-6 mesoporous silica-supported catalysts have been studied at 300-473 K. On the catalysts containing a stoichiometric amount of phosphorus with 20 wt % loading, the most intense IR absorption band was observed at 2097-2099 cm(-1), which was assigned to CO terminally bonded to coordinatively unsaturated Ni(delta+) (0 < delta < 1) sites. The frequency of this band was 15 cm(-1), higher than that in the spectrum of a reduced Ni2P/SiO2 catalyst, indicating a modified Ni-P charge distribution. This band shifted to lower wavenumbers, and its intensity decreased, while the relative intensity of another band at 2191-2194 cm(-1) assigned to CO terminally bonded to P increased going to catalytically less active, excess-P-containing SBA-15-supported catalysts. CO also adsorbed as a bridged carbonyl (1910 cm(-1)) and as Ni(CO)4 (2050 cm(-1)) species, and the formation of surface carbonates was also identified. The nature of the surface acidity was studied by temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD). Weak and strong acid sites were revealed, and the high excess-P-containing catalyst released the highest amount of ammonia, indicating that a high concentration of strong acidity can be disadvantageous for reaching high hydrotreating catalytic activity. The modified Ni-P charge distribution, the mode of CO adsorption on surface nickel phosphide sites, as well as the acidity can be directly connected to the catalytic activity of these mesoporous silica-supported catalysts.     

Influence of V content on the nature and strength of acidic sites in VSibeta zeolite evidenced by IR spectroscopy

VSibeta zeolites prepared by a two-step postsynthesis method have been characterized by physical techniques. A significant reduction of intensity of the IR band near 3515 cm(-1) after impregnation of dealuminated beta zeolite with aqueous NH4VO3 indicates that V ions specifically react with hydrogen-bonded SiO-H groups of vacant T sites. IR bands at 3618 and 3645 cm(-1) are assigned to SiO-H groups interacting with V and to VO-H groups, respectively. In VSibeta, diffuse reflectance UV-visible data show that below 1.9 wt % V is present as lattice tetrahedral species and at higher content as extra-lattice octahedral species (mononuclear and polynuclear). VSibeta samples are EPR-silent at 298 or 77 K suggesting that there are no paramagnetic VIV ions. IR studies show that V-OH groups are less acidic than Si-OH-Al groups of parent HAlbeta zeolite. IR results of CO adsorption evidence three kinds of Lewis acidic sites, related to lattice mononuclear and extra-lattice mononuclear and polynuclear V species. Quantitative IR studies of ammonia and pyridine adsorption reveal that only about half of V introduced into zeolite is able to form either Br?nsted or Lewis acidic sites.     

Ammonia IRMS-TPD measurements and DFT calculation on acidic hydroxyl groups in CHA-type zeolites

Br?nsted acidity of H-chabazite (CHA) zeolites (Si : Al(2) = 4.2) was investigated by means of ammonia infrared-mass spectrometry/temperature-programmed desorption (IRMS-TPD) methods and density functional calculations. Four IR bands were observed at 3644, 3616, 3575 and 3538 cm(-1), and they were ascribable to the acidic OH groups on four nonequivalent oxygen sites in the CHA structure. The absorption band at 3538 cm(-1) was attributed to the O(4)H in the 6-membered ring (MR), and ammonia adsorption energy (DeltaU) of this OH group was the lowest among the 4 kinds of OH groups. The other 3 bands were assigned to the acidic OH groups in 8MR. It was observed that the DeltaU in 8 and 6MR were 131 (+/-3) and 101 kJ mol(-1), respectively. On the other hand, the density functional theory (DFT) calculations within periodic boundary conditions yielded the adsorption energies on these OH groups in 8 and 6MR to be ca. 130 and 110 kJ mol(-1), respectively, in good agreement with the experimentally-observed values.     

溴化稀土冠醚配合物LnBr3(18-C-6)·nH2O的振动光谱与结构

本文合成了溴化稀土冠醚配合物, 测定了3500—100 cm~(-1)的付里叶红外和激光喇曼光谱, 并由振动光谱推断LnBr_3(18-C-6)·nH_2O的可能分子结构。