离子色谱分离法提纯异麦芽低聚糖

异麦芽低聚糖(IMO)具有显著的生理功能、低热量、安全无毒和结构稳定等特性,广泛应用于食品工业.本文尝试用强酸性苯乙烯系阳离子交换树脂对异麦芽低聚糖浆分离纯化,尽可能去除糖浆中的葡萄糖等成分,减少四糖以上成分,富集异麦芽低聚糖,提高产品的功能性.     

葡萄糖氧化酶-过氧化氢酶复合体系提纯异麦芽低聚糖

异麦芽低聚糖（IMO）具有低甜度、低热量、抗龋齿以及双歧因子特性等许多优异的生理功能。近年来,在医药保健、功能性食品和饲料添加剂等行业得到了广泛的应用。目前采用酶法生产的异麦芽低聚糖产品中异麦芽低聚糖的质量分数仅为50％左右,其中葡萄糖和麦芽糖的含量将近一半,     

测定异麦芽低聚糖组分的高效液相色谱法

采用高效液相色谱法，以Zorbax C18为固定相，水为流动相，示差折光仪为检测器，外标法进行定量分析，一次进样可同时测定葡萄糖、异麦芽糖、异麦芽三糖和4－α－葡糖基麦芽糖、异麦芽四糖等。测定了用双酶协同作用制取异麦芽低聚糖工艺产品中的成分，二次确认试验所得结果良好，相对标准偏差为0.28%-1.7%(n=5)，线性相关系数为0.9996-1.000，低聚糖的最小检测量在微克级。     

流动注射化学发光分析法测定三类磺胺类药物

研究发现可溶性锰(Ⅳ)氧化磺胺类药物(磺胺甲基异口恶唑、磺胺嘧啶和磺胺脒)可以产生弱的化学发光,甲醛对这一化学发光反应有较强的增敏作用,据此建立了一种测定磺胺类药物的流动注射化学发光分析法。该方法对3种磺胺类药物磺胺甲基异口恶唑、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺脒的检出限分别为2×10-8、3×10-8、2×10-8g/mL;线性范围分别为6.0×10-8~1.0×10-5、1.0×10-7~8.0×10-6、4.0×10-8~8.0×10-6g/mL。对6.0×10-6g/mL磺胺甲基异口恶唑、4.0×10-6g/mL磺胺嘧啶和4.0×10-6g/mL磺胺脒的相对标准偏差分别为1.1%、1.2%和2.2%(n=11)。此法已用于复方新诺明片剂中磺胺甲基异口恶唑的测定,结果与药典方法测定值一致。并对化学发光反应的机理进行了探讨。     

高效液相色谱法在双酶协同作用酶解淀粉制取麦芽低聚糖工艺研究中的应用

介绍了高效液相色谱在双酶协同作用酶解制取麦芽低聚糖工艺研究中的应用。以C18柱为分离柱,水作流动相,利用折光检测器来检测麦芽低聚糖产品中的7种糖,同时评估了补加酶量与麦芽低聚糖中麦芽三糖至六糖含量的关系,并测定了二次确认实验中麦芽低聚糖产品中各糖的含量。     

毛细管电泳法测定甘草中的甘草素和异甘草素

采用高效毛细管电泳分离并测定了甘草草药和复方甘草合剂中的甘草素和异甘草素的含量。研究了实验参数对分离、检测的影响,得到了优化的实验条件。在50mmol／L硼砂缓冲溶液(pH＝9.0)中,甘草素和异甘草素在7min内得到良好的分离。甘草素和异甘草素分别在1.0×10-4～5.0×10-7g／mL、5.0×10-4～1.0×10-6g／mL范围内与电泳峰高呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为5.0×10-8和2.0×10-7g／mL,已成功地应用于实际样品的测定。     

五种含氨基和吡啶基功能性聚合物对Ir(Ⅳ)、Ru(Ⅳ)的吸附行为

五种含氨基及吡啶基功能性聚合物:2,6-二氨基吡啶树脂(DAPR),2-氨基甲基吡啶树脂(2-AMPR),2-氨基吡啶树脂(2-APR),3-氨基吡啶树脂(3-APR),4-氨基吡啶树脂(4-APR)对Ir(Ⅳ)和Ru(Ⅳ)的最佳吸附酸度均为0.1mol HCl/L、对Ir(Ⅳ)的吸附容量分别为1200、786、480、500和381mgIr(Ⅳ)/g树脂,其吸附摩尔比(离子/功能基)分别为2.11,1.20,0.67,0.81,0.59。对Ru(Ⅳ)的吸附容量分别为146,249,177,140,188mgRu(Ⅳ)/g树脂,其吸附摩尔比分别为0.49,0.72,0.47,0.43,0.56。树脂对Ir(Ⅳ)的表现吸附活化能分别为27.7±1.4,33.9±0.5,37.0±1.0,37.1±2.9,39.7±4.5kJ/mol。25℃时对Ir(Ⅳ)吸附的分配系数Kd分别为37.5×10~3,14.8×10~3,8.2×10~328.4×10~3,40.1×10~3 mL/g,吸附热焓(除2-AMPR外)均为零。这五种树脂对Tr(Ⅳ)的吸附摩尔比均大于相应的Ru(Ⅳ)。树脂吸附Ir(Ⅳ)前后的红外谱图表明有氨基吡啶功能基特征峰的消失和Ir-Cl键吸收峰在290或310cm~(-1)处产生。     

铜、镍、钴、锌与螯合树脂及弱酸性离子交换树脂的络合物的生成常数

本文改进了前人用于测定低分子量配体及可溶性聚电解质配体络合物的生成常数的电位滴定法,以使适用于作为固体络合剂的螯合离子交换树脂和羧酸型弱酸性离子交换树脂的络合物。测得具有亚胺二乙酸功能基的大孔螫合树脂D751和具有羧酸功能基的大孔丙烯酸系树脂D725与Cu、Ni、Co、Zn的络合物的二级积累生成常数B_2。D751树脂的B_2介于5×10~(-4)至4×10~(-7)之间,D725树脂的B_2介于7×10~(-9)至4×10~(-10)之间。     

微波协同大孔树脂催化合成肉桂酸酯的扩大实验研究(Ⅰ)

研究了微波协同大孔树脂催化合成肉桂酸正丙酯和异丁酯的扩大实验。结果表明,合成肉桂酸正丙酯的优化工艺条件为：肉桂酸7．4g,正丙醇19mL,CAT-600大孔树脂6．8g,微波功率400W,反应时间为25min,酯化率92．89％;合成肉桂酸异丁酯的优化工艺条件为：肉桂酸10g,异丁醇45mL,NKC-9大孔树脂14g,微波功率600W,反应时间为35min,酯化率90．18％。     

流动注射化学发光离子交换法研究Ⅰ.化学发光阴离子交换树脂的研制及应用

本文研制了一种新型的由强碱性阴离子交换树脂(OH形式),转换成N-(β-羧基丙酰基)异鲁米诺(简称CPIL)化学发光形式的阴离子交换树脂.试液中的阴离子将树脂上的发光剂阴离子(CPIL)交换出来与H_2O_2-Fe(CN)_6~(3-)反应,产生化学发光,化学发光的强度与试液中的阴离子浓度成正比.由此建立的流动注射化学发光离子交换测定技术,应用于Cl~-,Br~-,NO_2~-,NO_3~-,SO_4~(2-)等阴离子的测定,对不同的阴离子检测限为8.0×10~(-7)mol·dm~(-3)～1.4×10~(-6)mol·dm~(-3),线性范围可达两个数量级(1×10~(-6)mol·dm~(-3)～1×10~(-4)mol·dm~(-3)).     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.