多金核二氧化铈空心球用于硝基苯酚催化加氢

催化剂的微观结构在催化还原反应、有机物氧化反应及有机物转化反应中起着关键作用。本文利用无模板方法合成了多金核中空二氧化铈微球催化剂。将制备好的二氧化铈中空微球浸渍到一定浓度的氯金酸溶液中,然后多次洗涤除去表面吸附的氯金酸离子,最后通过硼氢化钠还原制成中空氧化铈微球包覆的多金核的核壳结构催化剂。将该核壳结构材料用于硝基苯酚加氢反应与金纳米粒子及氧化铈微球相比,多金核中空二氧化铈核壳结构表现出优越的活性和稳定性。通过这种浸渍洗涤再还原的简单方法合成的多金核二氧化铈催化剂有望应用于生物医药和能源环境等领域。     

聚酰胺酸盐稳定的金纳米催化剂用于羧酸的绿色合成

使用一锅法成功制备了水溶性聚酰胺酸盐稳定的金纳米催化剂(AuNPs-PAAS),将该催化剂用于伯醇的催化氧化.利用紫外-可见分光光度计,X射线衍射仪(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM)等表征方法对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,金纳米粒子在聚酰胺酸溶液中处于均匀分散状态,金纳米尺寸约为5 nm.将制备的纳米金催化剂用于伯醇的氧化,评价了其在伯醇氧化成羧酸反应中的催化性能,结果显示,在空气为氧化剂,水为溶剂的条件下,AuNPs-PAAS对伯醇的催化氧化为高效的准均相催化过程,高选择性得到羧酸产物,通过调节溶液的pH值,可以很容易的实现产物与反应体系分离和催化剂的回收和循环利用.     

钴氧化物负载的纳米金催化剂的制备及其性能研究

采用共沉淀法和金属有机配合物固载法，分别制备了钴氧化物负载的纳米金催化剂．考察了该催化剂对CO低温氧化反应的催化活性及其制备方法和制备条件，如焙烧温度和时间、金的负载量、活性组分前体、沉淀剂的滴加顺序等因素对催化性能的影响．结果表明：严格控制制备条件．上述两种方法制备的3％Au／Co3O4催化剂，对CO氧化反应都具有很高的催化活性，可分别于-22℃和-5℃将空气中1％的CO完全转化为CO2．：XRD和TEM测试结果显示．催化剂上的金颗粒大小在10nm范围内，载体为适度结晶的四氧化三钴．     

氢钼青铜对铂催化氧还原反应的促进作用

采用循环伏安法在玻碳电极上和硫酸溶液中电沉积制备出铂催化剂(Pt)及铂-氢钼青铜复合催化剂(Pt-HxMoO3), 用旋转圆盘电极研究并比较了它们对硫酸溶液中氧还原反应的催化活性. 研究结果表明, HxMoO3能明显地提高Pt对氧还原反应的电催化活性. 通过对静态电极上氧还原的峰电流与扫描速度的关系以及旋转圆盘电极上氧还原电流与旋转速度的关系的分析发现, HxMoO3提高了铂电极氧还原反应电荷传递步骤的传递系数, 因此加快了氧还原的动力学过程.     

NP型催化剂在制造活性炭中的作用机理

ＮＰ型催化剂在制造活性炭过程中,主要是发挥了氧化和催化的协同作用。红外分析表明,在ＮＰ催化剂的作用下,炭化过程中煤分子的芳香结构遭到破坏,形成三维无序的“乱层结构”,芳香环断裂并被氧化生成官能团,成为活化反应的活性点。钾化合物的存在,使得活化反应造孔的方向性加强,成孔速度加快。助催化剂Ｐ的存在,则强化了这些作用。使用ＮＰ催化剂,活性炭中孔径为０－４ ～０－６ｎｍ 的孔容占总孔容的８５％ ～９０ ％ 。此外,该催化剂还能转化煤中矿物质成为酸易溶物,使总脱灰率达到６６ ％ 以上,从而为通过酸洗制备超低灰煤基活性炭奠定了基础     

双核金属酞菁类化合物催化脱硫机理研究Ⅵ──电子转移机制和催化脱硫机理

提出了双核金属酞菁类化合物催化Ｈ_２Ｓ液相氧化反应的催化电池电子转移机制，即借助于催化剂分子自身歧化所形成的催化电池Ｍ（Ⅰ）Ｐｃ－ＰｃＭ（Ⅲ）实现底物（ＨＳ~－）与分子氧间的电子转移，其反应过程为阴极反应：Ｏ_２＋Ｍ（Ⅰ）Ｐｃ→Ｏ_２~－＋Ｍ（Ⅱ）Ｐｃ，阳极反应：ＨＳ－＋Ｍ（Ⅲ）Ｐｃ→ＨＳ·＋Ｍ（Ⅱ）Ｐｃ。这一电子转移过程也是决定整个反应的控制步骤，从而导致催化反应按自由基历程进行。     

室温CO催化氧化反应动力学的研究

本文采用无梯度反应器,考察了纳米金催化剂以及其它商品化的催化CO氧化催化剂,在不同CO浓度下催化CO氧化反应的转化率和反应速率,证明在CO初始浓度从ppm到pct数量级范围内,纳米金催化剂具有最好的催化CO室温转化的能力.     

PEMFC电极中表面扩散现象的初步研究

制作双催化层结构的PEMFC电极.该双催化层由含有Nafion的内催化层、无Nafion的外催化层组成.循环伏安测试表明,未与Nafion直接接触的外催化层Pt/C催化剂也参与发生在"Pt/Nafion"界面氢原子的吸脱附反应和Pt表面含氧粒子的电化学氧化还原.当电势扫描速率较低时,未与Nafion直接接触的外层Pt/C催化剂,其对氢脱附电流的贡献和直接与Nafion接触的内催化层的Pt/C催化剂大致相当.以双催化层电极作PEMFC阴极,单电池(PEMFC)极化曲线测试表明,其阴极外催化层能明显地提高该单电池在活化极化区的输出性能.进一步证明了PEMFC阴极外催化层不与Nafion直接接触的Pt/C催化剂可通过其表面吸附含氧粒子的表面扩散参与发生在"Pt/Nafion"界面氧的电化学还原反应.上述实验为设计PEMFC电极提供了一定的新思路.     

用丙炔基羧酸酯合成芳环合并的2-酰基环己烯酮

以容易获得的丙炔基羧酸酯为原料，通过两个连续的反应—金催化和三氟甲基磺酸钪催化的环化反应，可以获得富电芳环合并的2．酰基环己烯酮．在这方法中，第一步反应是均相金催化的3，3．重排和随后的酰基迁移，这些烯酮不需要处理和纯化，可以直接被路易斯酸活化并进行环化，得到双环或多环的产物．在报道的十个例子中，收率在35％～88％的范围内．其中有些偏低的收率是因为反应不完全．试图优化所用的金催化剂没有获得成功．     

金催化制备氯乙烯单体进展

本文综述了Au用于乙炔氢氯化反应的研究历史、最新研究进展及商业化进程。讨论了使用不同前驱体和添加第二金属助剂等方法对催化剂性能的改进,探讨了活性金物种的性质。尽管HgCl2会导致环境污染等问题,但全球大量聚氯乙烯(PVC)的生产仍采用HgCl2作为催化剂。由于中国计划未来几年内将不再使用Hg生产PVC,因此急需探索替代催化剂。数十年来人们普遍认为Au是该过程的最佳替代催化剂,这主要是因为与其他金属相比,金催化剂的选择性更高。     

Leaching of Celestite in Sodium Hydroxide Solutions and Kinetic Modelling

In this study, the dissolution kinetics of celestite in solutions of sodium hydroxide was investigated by batch process. The results showed that the parameters which had the greatest effect on the dissolution of celestite in sodium hydroxide solutions were reaction temperature, the concentration of sodium hydroxide and stirring speed. It was determined that the dissolution rate increased with increased stirring speed, sodium hydroxide concentration, reaction time and temperature and decreased with increasing particle size and solid-liquid ratio. The leaching process fitted the shrinking core model with diffusion through the product layer model as the rate-determining step. The activation energy of the dissolution of celestite was calculated as 62.24?kJ/mol. A semi-empirical kinetic model was obtained for dissolution of celestite in sodium hydroxide solution.     

Leaching of El-Missikat low-grade fluoritized uranium ore by sulfuric acid: mechanism and kinetic

A well-characterized low-grade fluoritized uranium samples from new occurrence in Gabal El-Missikat prospect, Eastern Desert, Egypt was subjected to sulfuric acid leaching. The effects of leaching parameters on uranium dissolution mechanism were investigated. The shrinking core model was used to model leaching reactions. The kinetics equations indicates that the reactions appear to be controlled by layer diffusion process. The activation energy for uranium dissolution was evaluated. Low activation energy value (2.54 kJ mol⁻¹) confirm the diffusion layer mechanism. The presence of fluoride ions in the solution increases the dissolution of uranium. The optimum process operating parameters were: sulfuric acid concentration: 1.5 M, solid–liquid ratio: 1:3, contact time 8 h; agitation speed rate 200 rpm; and ore particle size − 75 µm at temperature 60 °C, in the absence of an external oxidant. Under these experimental conditions, the extraction efficiency of uranium was about 91%.

     

Reaction kinetics of malachite in ammonium carbamate solution

The dissolution of malachite particles in ammonium carbamate (AC) solutions was investigated in a batch reactor, using the parameters of temperature, AC concentration, particle size, and stirring speed. The shrinking core model was evaluated for the dissolution rate increased by decreasing particle size and increasing the temperature and AC concentration. No important effect was observed for variations in stirring speed. Dissolution curves were evaluated in order to test shrinking core models for fluid-solid systems. The dissolution rate was determined as being controlled by surface chemical reaction. The activation energy of the leaching process was determined as 46.04 kJ mol^?1.     

Dissolution kinetics of cerussite in an alternative leaching reagent for lead

The dissolution kinetics of cerussite was investigated using methanesulphonic acid (MSA) as an alternative leaching reagent. The effects of particle size, stirring speed, acid concentration, and reaction temperature on the lead dissolution rate were determined. The dissolution process followed the kinetic law of the shrinking-core model, and a corresponding mixed control model was found suitable for representing the rate-controlling step. The mixed kinetic model comprised two stages: surface chemical reaction (283 K to 303 K) and diffusion through the product layer (303 K to 323 K). The activation energies of these sequential stages were 43.20 kJ mol^?1 and 17.20 kJ mol^?1, respectively. The corresponding dissolution kinetic equations are also presented to describe the dissolution reaction. The results indicated that methanesulphonic acid could be used as an effective leaching reagent for extracting lead from cerussite minerals.     

Encapsulation of N-heterocyclic carbene–gold (I) catalysts within magnetic core/shell silica gels: A reusable alkyne hydration catalyst

In this study, N-heterocyclic carbene–Au(I) complex, chloro[1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]gold (I), was successfully encapsulated within mesopores of a magnetic core/shell (γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂) silica gel through post-pore-size reduction by silylation reactions The post-reduction of the pore size not only minimizes the catalyst leaching during the alkyne hydration reactions but also eliminates any need for covalent modification of the catalyst or support surface. The resulting catalyst exhibits high activity in hydration reactions of various alkynes even under low catalytic loadings. The catalyst can be easily recycled from the reaction mixture using a magnet and can be reused in alkyne hydration reactions up to six times with only 52. wt% Au leaching.     

粗硼砂的氯化铵溶液浸提动力学

研究了反应温度、溶液浓度、固液比、固体粒径大小和搅拌速度对氯化铵溶液浸提粗硼砂(十水四硼酸钠,Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O)动力学的影响。结果表明反应速率随反应温度、溶液浓度的增加和固体粒径、固液比的减小而增加,但搅拌速度对溶解速率无显著影响。根据均相和多相动反应力学模型研究了粗硼砂的溶解过程。结果表明溶解速率遵从假一级均相反应模型。粗硼砂在氯化铵溶液中溶解的活化能为82.73 kJ·mol^-1。     

Tea‐Bag‐Like Polymer Nanoreactors Filled with Gold Nanoparticles

Gold‐containing polymer nanotubes, which showed both catalytic activity and resistance to leaching, were prepared by the “tubes by fiber templates” (TUFT) process. For this purpose, electrospun polymer nonwovens with incorporated poly(L ‐lactide)‐stabilized gold nanoparticles were coated with poly(p‐xylylene) by the chemical vapor deposition process, and then the inner fiber templates were removed. The resulting polymer tubes carried encapsulated gold nanoparticles which were shown to be immobilized and featured pronounced catalytic activity towards the hydrolytic oxidation of dimethylphenylsilane and the alcoholysis of dimethylphenylsilane with n‐butanol. The macroscopic nonwovens could be used as tea‐bag‐like catalyst systems and showed excellent reusability.     

含砷金矿的磁场强化生物预氧化

生物氧化;浸金工艺;含砷金矿的磁场强化生物预氧化     

Aerobic oxidation of alcohols in the liquid phase with nanoporous gold catalysts

Aerobic oxidation of alcohols in the liquid phase proceeded smoothly in the presence of nanoporous gold catalyst. The catalyst is reusable multiple times without leaching and loss of the catalytic activity. The reaction was applied successfully to a flow system. Adsorptions of O(2) and 1-phenylethanol into the AuNPore were confirmed by TDS analysis.     

蒸馏分离-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定氰化样品中砷的含量

砷是黄金选冶过程中常见的元素之一,选冶过程中砷的存在在一定的程度上影响了黄金等贵金属的氰化浸出效果。选冶样品中砷含量的准确分析可以为黄金选冶提供可靠地数据,并且采用一定的方法避免选冶过程中砷存在的影响。本方法通过饱和溴水-硝酸-硝硫混酸强氧化剂处理含氰样品,一方面分解氰化物,另一方面将各种形式的砷氧化为五价离子;再通过加入溴化钠催化剂,用硫酸亚铁将五价砷还原为三价砷,在108℃条件下,通过蒸馏方式将三价砷蒸馏出来,利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪测定砷的含量。通过实验得出本方法的检测限为0.0019%;方法的精密度RSD<2%;方法的准确度-加标回收实验范围为99.8%-100.9%;通过与溴酸盐滴定法之间对比,说明了结果的准确性是可靠地。