改进的基于二维主分量分析的掌纹识别

主分量分析(PCA)是一种在众多生物特征识别中获得成功应用的特征提取技术,是一种基于二阶统计的在最小均方误差意义上的最优维数据压缩技术,它所提取的各特征分量之间是互不相关的。传统的PCA变换是对图像向量的分析,但向量维数一般都很高。二维主分量分析方法是最近兴起的针对图像矩阵的主分量分析方法,与一维主分量分析相比能更精确的计算原始数据的协方差矩阵。将其应用于掌纹识别,并在主分量的选取上加以改进,选取了更适合于分类的主分量。实验结果表明,该方法不仅有更高的识别率,而且维数更低。     

基于多尺度Radon变换的图像检索

根据Radon变换的统计特性构造了不变量,提出一种新的基于多尺度Radon变换的图像形状检索方法.对检索图像作小波变换,根据小波模极大原理得到边缘图像,对边缘图像构造Radon变换中心矩,在中心矩的基础上根据Radon的统计原理构造出尺度不变矩.由于矩阵的奇异值具有旋转不变性,因此针对不变矩向量矩阵求奇异值,该奇异值特征向量具有平移、尺度和旋转不变性.将该Radon变换的不变量作为形状特征,并进行高斯归一化,按照欧氏距离计算不同图像间的形状相似度.试验结果表明,该方法对高斯噪音具有较强的鲁棒性,与其它方法相比具有较好的检索效果.     

Facial expression recognition based on two-stage features extraction

Facial expression recognition plays an important role in a variety of real-world applications such as human–computer interaction, robot control, smart meeting, and visual surveillance. One critical step for facial expression recognition is to accurately extract emotional features. In this article, a facial expression recognition approach based on two-stage local facial textures extraction is proposed. At the first stage, we use the threshold local binary pattern to transform a facial image into a feature image. We then extract the most discriminate features from the feature image by using the block-based center-symmetric local binary pattern. Finally, these features are classified by the support vector machine. Experimental results are provided to illustrate the proposed approach is an effective method, compared to other similar methods.     

Face recognition based on PCA image reconstruction and LDA

Face recognition has become a research hotspot in the field of pattern recognition and artificial intelligence. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) are two traditional methods in pattern recognition. In this paper, we propose a novel method based on PCA image reconstruction and LDA for face recognition. First, the inner-classes covariance matrix for feature extraction is used as generating matrix and then eigenvectors from each person is obtained, then we obtain the reconstructed images. Moreover, the residual images are computed by subtracting reconstructed images from original face images. Furthermore, the residual images are applied by LDA to obtain the coefficient matrices. Finally, the features are utilized to train and test SVMs for face recognition. The simulation experiments illustrate the effectivity of this method on the ORL face database.     

一种自适应的Gabor图像特征抽取和权重选择的人脸识别方法

 为了克服光照、表情变化等因素对人脸识别的影响,本文提出了一种自适应的Gabor图像特征抽取和权重选择的人脸识别方法.该方法首先把每幅人脸图像经过Gabor小波变换后得到的40个不同尺度和方向下的图像都看作是独立的样本,再把不同人脸中的同一尺度和方向的变换结果进行特征重组,得到40个独立地新特征矩阵.为了增强对光照、表情变化的鲁棒性,每一新特征矩阵的识别贡献被本文所提出的自适应权重方法计算得到.其次,对每一新特征矩阵采用离散余弦变化进行降维,并采用了鉴别力量分析方法来选取最有鉴别力的离散余弦变换系数作为特征向量.最后,抽取线性鉴别分析特征进行识别.大量的实验证明了本文所提方法的有效性.     

Finger vein recognition algorithm based on optimized GHT

In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for recognition of vein features based on optimized generalized Hough transform (GHT). The new algorithm involves several steps. First, it extracts singular points from the binary image of finger veins, and segments the finger veins by these points. Then it selects valid segments and sequences them by way of chain codes. Next it uses the optimized GHT to differentiate sectional curves of finger veins from the whole finger vein image. Using this approach reduces the influence of fragmentation, enhances adaptability for displacement, rotation, and zooming, and accordingly improves the quality of finger vein recognition. We have tested the proposed method with actual finger vein images and produced very satisfactory reassembly results.     

玉米品种近红外光谱的特征分析与鉴别方法

以玉米种子的4 000~12 000 cm-1波段的漫反射近红外光谱为研究对象,提出了一种鉴别玉米品种的新方法。采用主成分分析法(PCA)来研究数据特征,发现近红外光谱在特征空间中具有显著的长条状分布特征,为此我们研究了改变样本点在PCA空间中的分布对品种鉴别的影响,并提出了归一化主成分分析(NPCA)的特征提取算法,同时还根据近红外光谱的数据分布特点提出了一种主方向仿生模式识别的分类算法,进一步提高了鉴别正确率。鉴别模型对第一测试集的平均正确识别率达到了97.67%,平均正确拒识率达到了98.40%,30个品种中的13个达到了100%的正确识别率;对第二测试集的平均正确拒识率达到了98.90%,有11个品种达到了100%的正确拒识率,具有较高的鉴别准确度。     

基于局部保持投影的掌纹识别

为了保持掌纹空间的局部结构,运用局部保持投影(LPP)方法进行掌纹识别.在小样本图像识别中,特征方程矩阵存在奇异性.传统的解决方法是运用主元分析(PCA)获得原样本的低维特征子空间,在该空间中运用LPP进行特征提取.由于PCA和LPP的投影标准本质上是不同的,PCA降维时丢失许多重要的判别信息.为了解决这个问题,提出运用三级小波变换、图像下抽样、图像分块求平均值三种方法降低掌纹空间的维数,在低维图像上应用LPP提取局部特征.计算特征矢量间的余弦距离进行掌纹匹配.运用PolyU掌纹图像库进行测试,结果表明,该算法的识别性能均优于PCA和PCA LPP.特征提取和匹配总时间小于0.1 S,具有快速、有效、易于实现等优点.     

A novel image fusion method using WBCT and PCA

A novel image fusion algorithm based on wavelet-based contourlet transform （WBCT） and principal component analysis （PCA） is proposed. The PCA method is adopted for the low-frequency components. Using the proposed algorithm to choose the greater of the active measures, the region consistency test is performed for the high-frequency components. Experiments show that the proposed method works better in preserving the edge and texture information than wavelet transform method and Laplacian pyramid （LP） method do in image fusion. Four indicators for the fusion image are given to compare the proposed method with other methods.     

基于双阈值视觉注意模型的图像关注焦点检测

 图像关注焦点（FOA）检测是基于人眼视觉关注模型的图像感兴趣区提取的关键技术。为了更加精确、合理地搜索图像关注焦点,提出一种基于双阈值视觉关注模型的FOA检测算法。算法首先提取图像的亮度、颜色、方向和离散矩变换（DMT）特征,生成各个特征对应的特征图;然后将各特征图合并为一张包含多种特征的显著图;最后根据显著图的灰度直方图建立静态阈值与动态阈值,确定图像关注焦点的位置与数量。实验结果表明：新算法在图像关注焦点检测的准确性上较Itti模型有更为优秀的表现,更符合人眼视觉的关注习惯。     

Face recognition based on PCA and logistic regression analysis

Face recognition is an important research hotspot. More and more new methods have been proposed in recent years. In this paper, we propose a novel face recognition method which is based on PCA and logistic regression. PCA is one of the most important methods in pattern recognition. Therefore, in our method, PCA is used to extract feature and reduce the dimensions of process data. Afterwards, we present a novel classification algorithm and use logistic regression as the classifier for face recognition. The experimental results on two different face databases are presented to illustrate the efficacy of our proposed method.     

彩色图像四元数矩不变量的研究

为了研究彩色图像的矩不变量特性,采用四元数进行彩色图像处理,以充分利用彩色图像的整体信息,实现彩色图像RGB并行处理。本文把传统灰度图像的矩不变量理论推广应用到四元数层面上来,定义了彩色图像的四元数矩并构造了该矩函数的仿射不变量。实验结果表明：所提出的彩色图像的四元数矩不变量的稳定性要优于L.V.Gool等人提出的彩色矩仿射不变量,其σ/u值提高了2个数量级。所提出的四元数仿射矩不变量可以作为模式识别中彩色目标的特征描述子来实现彩色图像目标的识别与跟踪。     

几种边界特征描述方法的比较研究

在图像处理与模式识别领域经常根据物体的边界来识别物体。对物体边界特征描述的三种主要方法,即基于极半径函数的傅里叶描述子、边界序列矩和改进的不变矩进行了比较研究,给出了实验结果和结论。     

二维光学几何矩变换

提取用于模式识别的不变矩特征量在光学上始终是一个有待进一步研究的问题。本文提出采用单个全息透镜的光学方法实现二维几何矩变换,并成功地提取了一组英文字母的不变矩特征量,所提取的不变矩的确呈现出其平移与转动不变的性质。 关键词：     

Fingerprint image enhancement using data driven Directional Filter Bank

A new method based upon data driven tool, principal component analysis (PCA), for fingerprint enhancement is proposed in this paper. PCA is a very useful statistical technique that has found application in many different fields like image compression, face recognition and is commonly used for finding patterns in data of high dimension. In the proposed method, the input image is first decomposed into directional images using decimation free Directional Filter Bank (DDFB). Then these directional images are normalized. A data driven technique PCA is applied to these normalized directional fingerprint images, which gives the PCA filtered images. These are basically directional images. Then these directional images are reconstructed into one image which is the enhanced one. Simulation results are included illustrating the capability of the proposed method.     

基于核独立成分分析的人脸识别

研究一种基于核独立成分分析的人脸识别方法。利用支持向量机的核函数思想,将原始人脸图像向量映射到高维特征空间,然后在高维特征空间中进行独立成分分析(ICA),提取非线性独立成分作为特征向量进行分类识别。实验结果表明该方法要比常规的基于ICA和PCA的人脸识别算法的识别率要高。     

近红外光谱主成分分析与模糊聚类的典型地面目标物识别

近红外光谱技术在遥感监测领域中应用广泛,针对典型地面目标物遥感监测识别需要,提出了光谱主成分分析(PCA)与模糊聚类结合的分类识别方法,提高了识别算法效率及准确性。以四类典型地面目标物作为研究对象,分别测量其在1 100～2 500 nm范围内漫反射光谱,首先对漫反射光谱进行主成分分析,得到代表光谱特征的主成分分量,然后将其作为模糊聚类分析模型输入参数,计算样品主成分集合之间贴合度,最后利用择近原则对样品进行匹配分类。结果表明,主成分分析可以有效提取光谱特征并且降低数据维度,结合基于择近原则的模糊分类方法,可有效提高算法准确性与效率,为遥感光谱在地面目标物识别应用提供了有益的参考。     

冬小麦叶面积指数遥感反演方法比较研究

叶面积指数(leaf area index, LAI)是反映作物生长状况和进行产量预测预报的主要指标之一,对诊断作物生长状况具有重要意义。遥感技术为大面积、快速监测植被LAI提供了有效途径。利用高光谱遥感影像,结合田间同步实验数据,探讨不同方法对冬小麦叶面积指数遥感反演的能力。介绍了支持向量机、离散小波变换、连续小波变换和主成分分析四种LAI反演方法。分别利用上述四种方法构建冬小麦LAI反演模型,并对不同算法反演的LAI模型进行了真实性检验。结果显示,支持向量机非线性回归模型精度最高,对冬小麦LAI估算能力最强,反演值与实测值拟合的决定系数为0.823 4、均方根误差为0.419 5。离散小波变换法和主成分分析法都是基于特征提取和数据降维,其多元变量回归分析对LAI估算能力相近,决定系数分别为0.697 1和0.692 4,均方根误差分别为0.605 8和0.554 1。连续小波变换法回归模型精度最低,不适宜直接用其小波系数来反演LAI。结果表明,非线性支持向量机模型最适宜用于研究区域的冬小麦LAI反演。     

仿选择性注意机制的语音情感识别算法

有效特征的选取一直都是语音情感识别算法的关键。为此,针对语音情感特征选择与构建的问题,一种仿选择性注意机制的语音情感识别算法被提出。考虑到语音信号的时频特性,算法首先计算语音信号的语谱图;其次,模仿选择性注意机制,计算语谱图的颜色、方向和亮度特征图,归一化后形成特征矩阵;然后,将特征矩阵重排列并进行PCA降维,形成情感识别特征向量;最后,利用改进的支持向量机分类方法进行语音情感识别。对愤怒、恐惧、高兴、悲伤和惊奇5种情感的识别实验显示,基于选择性注意的方法能够获得较好的识别效果,平均识别率为85.44%。相比于韵律特征和音质特征,语音情感识别率至少提高10%;相比于其它语谱特征,识别率提高7%左右。      

Hyperspectral feature recognition based on kernel PCA and relational perspective map

A novel joint kernel principal component analysis （PCA） and relational perspective map （RPM） method called KPmapper is proposed for hyperspectral dimensionality reduction and spectral feature recognition. Kernel PCA is used to analyze hyperspectral data so that the major information corresponding to features can be better extracted. RPM is used to visualize hyperspectral data through two-dimensional （2D） maps, and it is an efficient approach to discover regularities and extract information by partitioning the data into pieces and mapping them onto a 2D space. The experimental results prove that the KPmapper algorithm can effectively obtain the intrinsic features in nonlinear high dimensional data. It is useful and impressing for dimensionality reduction and spectral feature recognition.