聚对氨基苯磺酸/石墨烯电化学修饰电极检测药物中氧氟沙星

基于石墨烯纳米材料和循环伏安法技术制备了聚对氨基苯磺酸/石墨烯修饰电极并研究了氧氟沙星(OFL)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了一种简单快速灵敏测定氧氟沙星的电化学分析方法。 结果表明,与玻碳电极相比,对氨基苯磺酸/石墨烯电化学修饰电极能显著提高氧氟沙星的峰电流。 在优化条件下,其检测线性范围为1~600 μmol/L,最低检测限为(S/N=3)0.33μmol/L。 该修饰电极具有较好的重现性和稳定性,用于实际样品氧氟沙星滴眼液的测定,效果良好。     

聚(3-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑)/多壁碳纳米管修饰的玻碳电极同时检测尿酸、黄嘌呤与次黄嘌呤

采用滴涂法得到多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)修饰的玻碳电极(GCE),通过电沉积方法将3-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑(TA)沉积在MWCNTs/GCE表面,制备了聚(3-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑)/多壁碳纳米管修饰电极(p TA/MWCNTs/GCE)。采用循环伏安法(CV)和示差脉冲伏安法(DPV),研究了尿酸(UA)、黄嘌呤(XA)和次黄嘌呤(HX)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,该修饰电极对UA、XA和HX均有较好的电催化活性作用,能实现对3种物质的同时测定。UA、XA和HX在该修饰电极上的线性范围分别为9.0~739.0、2.0~259.0、1.0~353.0μmol/L;检出限分别为0.67、0.17、0.33μmol/L。该修饰电极已成功用于尿液和血清实际样品中UA、XA和HX的同时测定,回收率为98.8%~105.5%。     

BiOI/g-C3N4修饰电极伏安法检测磺胺甲噁唑

通过热聚合法高温煅烧尿素得到g-C₃N₄纳米片,再以溶剂热法得到Bi OI/g-C₃N₄复合材料,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)等手段对Bi OI/g-C₃N₄纳米复合材料的微观结构和形貌进行了表征。通过滴涂法将Bi OI/g-C₃N₄复合材料修饰在玻碳电极(GCE)表面,构建了用于快速检测磺胺甲噁唑(SMX)的电化学传感平台,通过循环伏安(CV)和差分脉冲伏安(DPV)技术对SMX进行电化学分析,峰值电流随SMX浓度呈线性增加,线性范围为5～1000μmol/L,检出限为0.025μmol/L。采用加标回收法测定自来水样品中的SMX,加标回收率为90.0%～103.4%。     

钼酸锰/氮化碳纳米复合材料修饰电极检测甲硝唑

采用水热法制备了钼酸锰/氮化碳纳米复合材料(MnMoO₄/g-C₃N₄),通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)等表征了复合材料的表面形貌特征及其结构。利用滴涂法将MnMoO₄/g-C₃N₄修饰于玻碳电极(GCE)表面,构建了检测甲硝唑(MNZ)的电化学传感器。采用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了MnMoO₄/g-C₃N₄/GCE电极的电化学行为,考察了pH值和扫描速率等参数对电流响应的影响。在优化条件下,此修饰电极检测MNZ的线性范围为0.5～2400μmol/L,检出限(LOD, 3σ/k)为1.33 nmol/L,并具有良好的选择性、稳定性和重现性。将此传感器用于检测鸡蛋和牛奶中的MNZ,加标回收率分别在97.7%～103.7%和96.9%～102.4%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.1%～2.2%,表明所制备的MnMoO     

基于纳米CdS对尿酸的光催化氧化和铜(Ⅱ)配合物对氧的电催化还原的燃料电池性能

以纳米硫化镉薄膜修饰的铟锡氧化物电极(CdS/ITO)作光阳极, 铜(Ⅱ)配合物[Cu(phen)(L-Trp)·(H₂O)]⁺(phen=1,10-菲啰啉, L-Trp=L-色氨酸)修饰单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)电极作阴极, 构建了光催化尿酸(UA)燃料电池, 并研究了其性能及热处理温度的影响. 结果表明, 在40 ℃以下获得的纳米CdS修饰电极在320~550 nm波长区间显现明显的吸收和光伏响应, 在可见光辐射下能光催化氧化UA; 较高温度的热处理(200~300 ℃)却降低了纳米CdS对UA的光催化氧化活性. [Cu(phen)(L-Trp)(H₂O)]⁺/SWCNTs电极在-0.131 V电位下呈现一对准可逆的氧化还原峰, 并能电催化还原O₂和H₂O₂. 此外, 基于UA在CdS/ITO电极上的光催化氧化及O₂在[Cu(phen)(L-Trp)(H₂O)]⁺/SWCNTs电极上的电催化还原, 组装了UA(0.2 mmol/L)燃料电池, 其在可见光照射(0.18 mW/cm²)下产生0.52 V开路电压, 13.08 μA/cm²短路光电流, 在0.41 V下呈现的最大功率密度为4.10 μW/cm².     

溶剂热插层法制备荧光石墨相氮化碳量子点及其在Fe3+检测中的应用

利用溶剂热法, 基于氢氧化钾的插层作用制备了荧光氮化碳量子点(g-C₃N₄ QDs). 所获得的氮化碳量子点具有良好的水溶性和荧光稳定性. 透射电子显微镜(TEM)照片显示, 氮化碳量子点的粒径约为2.3 nm; X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和红外光谱(FTIR)结果表明, 氮化碳量子点表面存在大量的亲水基团; 荧光发射光谱(PL)结果表明, 氮化碳量子点具有激发波长依赖性. 基于三价铁离子(Fe³⁺)对荧光氮化碳量子点荧光的猝灭现象, 构建了一种用于检测Fe³⁺的荧光传感器, 在Fe³⁺浓度为5~100 μmol/L范围内, 检测体系表现出良好的线性关系, 检出限约为0.5 μmol/L, 实现了对Fe³⁺的高效、 灵敏、 选择性检测.     

聚乙烯亚胺功能化石墨烯修饰电极同时测定抗坏血酸、 多巴胺、尿酸和色氨酸

制备了聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)功能化的石墨烯(G)修饰电极以实现抗坏血酸(AA)、 多巴胺(DA)、 尿酸(UA)和色氨酸(Trp)的分离及同时测定. 采用红外光谱(FTIR)、 紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、 X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对电极修饰材料进行了表征, 并优化了该修饰电极同时测定AA, DA, UA和Trp的实验条件. 在聚乙烯亚胺功能化石墨烯修饰的玻碳电极(PEI-G/GCE)上实现了AA, DA, UA 和Trp氧化峰的分离, AA-DA, DA-UA和UA-Trp的氧化峰电位差分别为298, 130和350 mV. 该修饰电极对AA, DA, UA和Trp的检测线性范围分别为50~5800, 30~2570, 0.05~400和6~1000 μmol/L; 检出限分别为16.67, 10, 0.017和2 μmol/L.     

钾掺杂g-C3N4薄膜光阳极的制备及光电催化氧化降解水中双氯芬酸钠性能

兼具高光学质量和电化学性能的薄膜光电极难以制备, 限制了光电催化氧化技术在水处理中的的应用. 本文采用原位煅烧法制备了负载在氧化铟锡(ITO)玻璃上的石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)薄膜电极, 并通过掺杂K⁺提高其光电催化氧化性能; 对电极进行了表征, 研究了其光电催化氧化降解水中双氯芬酸钠(DCF)的效率及降解路径. 结果表明, 原位煅烧法能制备出高质量的K⁺/g-C₃N₄薄膜光电极, K⁺的掺杂并未明显改变电极上g-C₃N₄的晶型、 价态和多孔形貌, 但可以提高ITO玻璃上g-C₃N₄的负载量, 增强电极对可见光的响应; K⁺的最佳掺杂浓度为0.002 mol/L, K⁺/g-C₃N₄薄膜电极光电催化氧化降解DCF的速率常数是纯g-C₃N₄薄膜电极的1.86倍; 当初始pH值为4, 电压为1 V, 光源强度为0.96 W/cm², 反应2 h后水中DCF降解率达到70%. K⁺/g-C₃N₄薄膜电极光电催化氧化过程中, 光催化氧化和电化学氧化之间存在协同作用, 两者相互增强, 并提高了反应过程中光生 空穴(h⁺)和羟基自由基(·OH)浓度, 在这两种活性物质作用下, 水中DCF分别被h⁺氧化生成咔唑衍生物、 与·OH发生加成反应生成多羟基芳香化合物, 最后开环生成小分子物质.     

Au/N-g-C3N4复合材料的制备及其可见光催化产氢性能

首先以尿素和柠檬酸作为前驱体,通过热处理工艺合成N掺杂的g-C₃N₄(N-g-C₃N₄),然后利用化学还原的方法将Au沉积到N-g-C₃N₄表面,形成Au修饰的N掺杂的g-C₃N₄复合光催化材料(Au/N-g-C₃N₄)。通过XRD、XPS、TEM、UV-Vis和光电流测试对其进行了表征,与同等条件下制备的N-g-C₃N₄和g-C₃N₄相比,Au/N-g-C₃N₄具有更强的光吸收性能和更大的光电流。同时对材料的可见光产氢性能进行了研究,结果发现：当Au含量为1%时,复合材料呈现最佳的光催化产氢性能,其产氢速率为974μmol·g^-1·h ^-1,为N-g-C₃N₄     

金属相1T´ MoS2增强类石墨相C3N4的可见光催化性能

通过煅烧和静电自组装的方法制备了1T′ MoS₂超薄纳米片和类石墨烯相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)纳米片的复合材料. 该材料在光催化实验中展现出6.24 μmol?g^?1?h^?1的产氢速率, 优于贵金属铂修饰的g-C₃N₄纳米片的性能(4.64 μmol?g^?1?h^?1). 此外, 该复合材料在光催化降解有机染料甲基橙的实验中表现出0.19 min^?1的催化速率, 而纯g-C₃N₄纳米片只有0.053 min^?1的催化速率. 材料光催化性能的提升可归结于1T′MoS₂ 和g-C₃N₄之间的协同效应, 包括光吸收的增强以及因1T′MoS₂优异电子导电性而得到的高效电荷分离.     

Electrocatalytic Oxidation and Simultaneous Determination of Uric Acid,Xanthine, Hypoxanthine and Dopamine Based on β-Cyclodextrin Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

A novel covalently modified glassy carbon electrode with β-cyclodextrin was prepared via electropolymerization technique for the simultaneous determination of uric acid(UA), xanthine(XA), hypoxanthine(HX) and dopamine(DA). This new electrode presented an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of UA, XA, HX and DA by cyclic voltammetry(CV) method. The oxidation peaks of the four compounds were well defined and had the enhanced peak currents. The separation potentials of the oxidation peaks for DA-UA, UA-XA and XA-HX were 150, 390 and 360 mV in CV, respectively. By means of differential pulse voltammetry(DPV) method, the calibration curves in the ranges of 10-225, 5-105, 10-170 and 5-150 μmol/L were obtained for UA, XA, HX and DA, respectively. The lowest detection limits(S/N=3) were 5, 1.25, 5 and 1.5 μmol/L for UA, XA, HX and DA, respectively. The practical application of the modified electrode was demonstrated by the determination of DA in hydrochloride injection and UA, XA, HX in human urine samples.     

Electrochemistry and Simultaneous Detection of Metabolites of Purine Nucleotide Based on Large Mesoporous Carbon Modified Electrode

A large mesoporous carbon modified glassy carbon electrode (LMC/GCE) was prepared. The morphology and structure of the LMC were characterized. The LMC/GCE was used to investigate the electrochemical behaviors of metabolites of purine nucleotide, uric acid (UA), xanthine (XA) and hypoxanthine (HX). The LMC/GCE exhibited high electrocatalytic activity towards the three compounds when compared with those obtained at the GCE. Furthermore, the LMC/GCE realized simultaneous determination of UA, XA and HX at a physiological pH of 7.0 with wide linear range and low detection limit. The electrocatalytic activity of the LMC/GCE towards guanine (G) and adenine (A) was also investigated.     

Simultaneous determination of uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine at poly(pyrocatechol violet)/functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite film modified electrode

A sensitive and selective electrochemical method was developed for simultaneous determination of uric acid (UA), xanthine (XA) and hypoxanthine (HX) based on a poly (pyrocatechol violet)/carboxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite film modified electrode. The preparation and basic electrochemical performance of the novel composite film modified glassy carbon electrode were investigated in details. The electrochemical behaviors of UA, XA and HX at the modified electrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that this new electrochemical sensor exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of the three analytes. The mechanism of catalysis was discussed. The anodic peaks of the three species were well defined with lowered oxidation potential and enhanced oxidation peak currents, so the modified electrode was used for simultaneous voltammetric measurement of UA, XA and HX by differential pulse voltammetry. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limits were 0.16 μmol L(-1) for UA, 0.05 μmol L(-1) for XA and 0.20 μmol L(-1) for HX, respectively (S/N of 3). The proposed method has been successfully applied to simultaneous determination of UA, XA and HX in human serum samples.     

Ni,Co基硒化物修饰g-C3N4光催化产氢研究

Developing novel and efficient catalysts is a significant way to break the bottleneck of low separation and transfer efficiency of charge carriers in pristine photocatalysts. Here, two fresh photocatalysts, g-C₃N₄@Ni₃Se₄ and g-C₃N₄@CoSe₂ hybrids, are first synthesized by anchoring Ni₃Se₄ and CoSe₂ nanoparticles on the surface of well-dispersed g-C₃N₄ nanosheets. The resulting materials show excellent performance for photocatalytic in situ hydrogen generation. Pristine g-C₃N₄ has poor photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity (about 1.9 μmol·h^-1) because of the rapid recombination of electron-hole pairs. However, the hydrogen generation activity is well improved after growing Ni₃Se₄ and CoSe₂ on the surface of g-C₃N₄, owing to the unique effect of these selenides in accelerating the separation and migration of charge carriers. The hydrogen production activities of G-C₃N₄@Ni₃Se₄ and g-C₃N₄@CoSe₂ are about 16.4 μmol·h^-1 and 25.6 μmol·h^-1, which are 8-fold and 13-fold that of pristine g-C₃N₄, respectively. In detail, coupling Ni₃Se₄ and CoSe₂ with g-C₃N₄ greatly improves the light absorbance density and extends the light response region. The photoluminescence intensity of the photoexcited Eosin Y dye in the presence of g-C₃N₄@Ni₃Se₄ and g-C₃N₄@CoSe₂ is weaker than that in the presence of pure g-C₃N₄. On the other hand, the upper limit of the electron-transfer rate constants in the presence of g-C₃N₄@Ni₃Se₄ and g-C₃N₄@CoSe₂ is greater than that in the presence of pure g-C₃N₄. Among the g-C₃N₄@Ni₃Se₄@FTO, g-C₃N₄@CoSe₂@FTO, and g-C₃N₄@FTO electrodes, the g-C₃N₄@FTO electrode has the lowest photocurrent density and the highest electrochemical impedance, implying that the introduction of CoSe₂ and Ni₃Se₄ onto the surface of g-C₃N₄ enhances the separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers. In other words, the formation of two star metals selenide based on g-C₃N₄ can efficiently inhibit the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers and accelerate photocatalytic water splitting to generate H₂. Meanwhile, the right shift of the absorption band edge effectively reduces the transition threshold of the photoexcited electrons from the valence band to the conduction band. In addition, the more negative zeta potential for the g-C₃N₄@Ni₃Se₄ and g-C₃N₄@CoSe₂ catalysts as compared with that for pure g-C₃N₄ leads to a notable enhancement in the adsorption of protons by the sample surface. Moreover, the results of density functional theory calculations indicate that the hydrogen adsorption energy of the N sites in g-C₃N₄ is -0.22 eV; further, the hydrogen atoms are preferentially adsorbed at the bridge site of two selenium atoms to form a Se―H―Se bond, and the adsorption energy is 1.53 eV. In-depth characterization has been carried out by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, transient photocurrent measurements, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; the results of these experiments are in good agreement with one another.     

Surface molecular imprinting on g-C3N4 photooxidative nanozyme for improved colorimetric biosensing

Molecular imprinting on g-C₃N₄ leads to an over 1000-fold alleviation in matrix-interference from serum samples.     

类石墨烯C3N4纳米片光催化分解水制氢中的量子限域效应

从层状化合物获得的纳米片是一类新型纳米结构材料,这种二维各向异性的纳米甚至亚纳米级的材料具有独特的物理化学性能,其中最好的一个例证就是从石墨烯C₃N₄到石墨烯C₃N₄纳米片的转变。通过高温氧化热刻蚀方法将体相g-C₃N₄剥离成g-C₃N₄纳米片,应用于染料敏化可见光分解水产氢,表现出了较体相g-C₃N₄高于2.6倍的产氢速率。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET）、荧光光谱和光电化学等表征研究了g-C₃N₄纳米片的结构及曙红（EY）和g-C₃N₄纳米片之间的电子迁移过程。热剥离后的g-C₃N₄纳米片具有较高的比表面积,不仅可以更为有效地吸附染料分子,还因其量子限域效应大大增强了光生电荷的分离效率和电子转移效率,改善了电子沿平面方向的传输能力以及光生载流子的寿命,从而显著提高g-C₃N₄纳米片的光催化产氢活性。     

Z型光催化剂Sb2WO6/g-C3N4的制备及光催化性能

通过水热反应合成了Sb₂WO₆改性的g-C₃N₄复合材料(Sb₂WO₆ /g-C₃N₄). 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 紫外-可见漫散射反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和光致发光光谱(PL)等表征了样品的性质. 结果表明, Sb₂WO₆在g-C₃N₄的表面上生长, 并且复合材料光吸收能力有一定的增强, 光生电子-空穴的重组率降低. 通过罗丹明B(RhB)的光降解评价了Sb₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄复合材料的光催化性能. 结果表明, 模拟日光下Sb₂WO₆质量分数为10%的Sb₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄复合材料在60 min内对RhB的降解率为99.3%, 高于纯g-C₃N₄和Sb₂WO₆. Sb₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄复合材料的这种高度增强的光催化活性主要归因于强的界面相互作用促进了光生电子-空穴分离和迁移. 添加自由基清除剂的实验结果表明, ·O^2-和h⁺是光催化反应中的主要活性物质. Sb₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄复合材料在几个反应周期内表现出优异的稳定性. 根据实验结果提出了一种可能的Z型光催化机理.     

石墨相氮化碳负载磷钨酸杂化材料的制备及其氧化脱硫催化性能

以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴离子液体([Bmim]Br)、磷钨酸(H_3PW_(12)O_(40))和g-C_3N_4为原料,采用原位沉淀法合成了负载型[Bmim]_3PW_(12)O_(40)/g-C_3N_4催化剂(BPWO/g-C_3N_4)。通过XRD、FT-IR、UV-vis、氮气吸附、TEM和XPS等手段对催化剂的形貌和结构进行了表征,并以二苯并噻吩(DBT)的正庚烷溶液为模拟油、过氧化氢为氧化剂,考察了各组分负载量、催化剂用量、氧/硫物质的量比(O/S)和反应温度变量等对其氧化脱硫效果的影响。结果表明,BPWO/g-C_3N_4具有Keggin型杂多阴离子结构特征,BPWO (20%)/g-C_3N_4催化剂具有最优的对DBT的氧化脱硫性能,在50℃、O/S物质的量比为6.0的条件下反应180 min,可以完全氧化浓度为800μg/g的含DBT模拟油。同时,该BPWO/g-C_3N_4催化剂具有良好的重复使用性能,循环使用八次后其对DBT的氧化活性没有明显降低。     

Cu2+改性g-C3N4光催化剂的光催化性能

Photocatalytic technology can effectively solve the problem of increasingly serious water pollution, the core of which is the design and synthesis of highly efficient photocatalytic materials. Semiconductor photocatalysts are currently the most widely used photocatalysts. Among these is graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), which has great potential in environment management and the development of new energy owing to its low cost, easy availability, unique band structure, and good thermal stability. However, the photocatalytic activity of g-C₃N₄ remains low because of problems such as wide bandgap, weakly absorb visible light, and the high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers. Among various modification strategies, doping modification is an effective and simple method used to improve the photocatalytic performance of materials. In this work, Cu/g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts were successfully prepared by incorporating Cu²⁺ into g-C₃N₄ to further optimize photocatalytic performance. At the same time, the structure, morphology, and optical and photoelectric properties of Cu/g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and photoelectric tests. XRD and XPS were used to ensure that the prepared photocatalysts were Cu/g-C₃N₄ and the valence state of Cu was in the form of Cu²⁺. Under visible light irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of Cu/g-C₃N₄ and pure g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts were investigated in terms of the degradation of RhB and CIP by comparing the amount of introduced copper ions. The experimental results showed that the degradation ability of Cu/g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts was stronger than that of pure g-C₃N₄. The N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms of g-C₃N₄ and Cu/g-C₃N₄ demonstrated that the introduction of copper had little effect on the microstructure of g-C₃N₄. The small difference in specific surface area indicates that the enhanced photocatalytic activity may be attributed to the effective separation of photogenerated carriers. Therefore, the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of RhB and CIP over Cu/g-C₃N₄ may be due to the reduction of carrier recombination rate by copper. The photoelectric test showed that the incorporation of Cu²⁺ into g-C₃N₄ could reduce the electron-hole recombination rate of g-C₃N₄ and accelerate the separation of electron-hole pairs, thus enhancing the photocatalytic activity of Cu/g-C₃N₄. Free radical trapping experiments and electron spin resonance indicated that the synergistic effect of superoxide radicals (O₂^•−), hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and holes could increase the photocatalytic activity of Cu/g-C₃N₄ materials.