基于透射偏折术的三维流场流动显示方法

提出了一种基于相位测量偏折术波前检测的三维流场流动显示方法。光线经过流场后的方向偏转反映流场内部折射率变化,根据逆哈特曼波前检测模型,通过同时记录多个视角的光线偏折量,利用迭代反演重建技术对流场进行三维重构。详细介绍了测量原理以及算法,通过数值模拟验证了高速流场瞬态流动结构的三维重建,密度场重建误差的均方根误差(rms)约为0.19 kg/m^-3,验证了本方法的正确性。结果表明,该方法具有非接触式定量测量、精度高、装置简单、成本低等优点,为实现大视场定量的复杂三维流场密度测量提供理论基础。     

单帧单曝光图像法测量气固两相流速度场

本文提出一种基于单帧单曝光图像的气固两相流固相颗粒的速度场测量方法。通过控制相机的单次曝光时间获得流场中颗粒的单帧运动模糊图像,运用分水岭算法分割图像,提取颗粒,由自相关函数获得各颗粒的速度大小和方向,重建二维速度场。利用该方法对玻璃珠在空气中重力沉降的速度测量结果与理论值基本一致,矢量场与颗粒运动轨迹相符,说明该方法可以用于气固两相流速度场的测量。研究发现使用片光源比背光源能够获得更加准确的速度值。     

离心力场作用下三维流动和传热的场协同理论探讨

通过对能量方程进行体积分得到了三维流场中场协同理论的表达式。该式不仅含速度矢量与温度梯度矢量的点积项,还含有速度矢量与压力梯度矢量的点积项。在此基础上讨论了速度场、压力场、温度场之间的协同关系,探讨了通过政变边界条件调节诸场形态,实现传热强化的方法。并通过三个盘腔算例,对此方法进行了验证。     

基于单帧变形条纹的物体三维位移和速度测量

用隔行扫描摄像机采集到的运动物体单帧变形条纹测量三维位移和速度.该方法将一帧变形条纹分成两个单场,利用傅里叶变换轮廓术重建三维面形,从单场条纹的调制度中提取二值化模板,计算质心获得亚像素匹配定位点,通过双三次插值和标定,实现了一个场周期时间内三个维度上的位移和平均速度的测量.匀速运动物体实验结果表明:被测速度的最大绝对误差为0.6 mm/s,相对误差为0.57%.该方法仅用一帧变形条纹即可测量运动物体的三维位移和速度,提高了时间分辨率和测量准确度.     

气流加热对气动光学效应的影响

以光束穿过三维高速流场为物理模型,研究了由于辐射加热气流对流场的干扰及激光束穿过流场后光束远场的分布。应用二维哈特曼波前测量系统,对高功率光束在风洞高速气流传输中的气动光学效应进行了测量。结果表明,气流未电离情况下,激光与高速气流相互作用对气流的温度、密度等参数影响很小,通过该区域流场的光束波前基本没有变化。     

基于单镜头双相机的运动颗粒三维速度测量

本文基于离焦测距原理,提出一种利用单镜头双相机测量运动颗粒三维速度的方法。入射光经分束立方体分别进入两个工业相机,通过调节分束立方体与相机间的垫圈厚度获取同一对象两幅不同模糊度的图片,根据其模糊差实现运动颗粒在三维场中的定位,再结合单帧多曝光方法,获取其三维速度。通过拍摄慢速搅拌水流中颗粒运动并分析处理不同运动情况的颗粒图片得到了运动颗粒的三维速度,经计算与实验考察证明了其可行性。该方法解决了离焦二义性问题与速度方向二义性问题,为三维速度的测量提供了新的方向。     

空气流场中气泡示踪粒子的跟随性研究

在流场速度场测量中 ,示踪粒子是显示流场运动的媒介和工具 ,示综粒子对流场的跟随性直接影响着流场速度场测量的精度。本文从 Bassat- Boussinesq- Oseen( BBO) [1 ]方程出发给出了粒子跟随性函数和粒子在匀角速旋转流体中的运动公式 ,讨论了影响示踪粒子跟随性的参数     

流场自适应叉树网格数值模拟三维复杂超声速流场

建立了基于分区结构网格的三维贴体叉树形网格的数据结构,并阐述了在此基础上进行自适应分裂/合并判别方法.为节省网格量和保证流场结构捕捉质量,提出对自适应程度进行区域性控制,以及对流场结构进行"保护"性预加密的优化方式.通过应用该网格对三维复杂超声速流场算例的计算,证明该方法对网格加密控制方便,对流场结构分辨率高.     

耦合辐射的三维热化学非平衡流数值模拟

发展耦合辐射的三维热化学非平衡流场计算方法,可用于非结构网格.采用Jameson有限体积法求解耦合辐射源项的三维N-S方程.辐射源项通过求解辐射输运方程(Radiative Transport Equation RTE)获得.在空间方向上离散后,采用有限体积法求解辐射输运方程.化学模型包含11个组元,20个化学反应.采用该数值方法计算MUSES-C模型在速度为11.6 km·s^-1时的绕流流场及前驻点处的辐射热流密度.并通过对比,分析热辐射对流场的影响.     

激光多普勒测速及其应用

测量气体和流体速度的传统方法是采用毕脱管或热线风速仪,其做法是在被测速度场中放置一个传感器,然后将它感受到的与速度有关的信号送到二次仪表进行处理,得到速度的信息.然而,在流场中放置一个物体,其本身就意味着要干扰流场,从而影响测量精度,而且这些方法在测量狭小流场如附面层、射流元件等方面就无能为力,它不可能测量比传感器的体积还要小的流速场速度分布. 近年来发展了一种新型的测速技术,无需接触被测流体,只要让几束细光束穿过流动的气体或液体,就能测出流体的流动速度,这就是激光多普勒测速技术. 六十年代中期,Yen和Cummins[1]…     

红外光幕靶测速系统和精度分析

介绍了弹丸初速度测量的不同方法;讨论了红外光幕靶的测速原理;分析了该系统的测速误差;由实弹射击试验证明:红外光幕靶测速系统达到小于 0.1%的测速精度.     

Velocity imaging by ex situ NMR

A pulsed field gradient stimulated spin-echo NMR sequence is combined with imaging methods to spatially resolve velocity distributions and to measure 2D velocity maps ex situ. The implementation of these techniques in open sensors provides a powerful non-invasive tool to measure molecular displacement in a large number of applications inaccessible to conventional closed magnets. The method is implemented on an open tomograph that provides 3D spatial localization by combining slice selection in the presence of a uniform static magnetic field gradient along the depth direction with pulsed field gradients along the two lateral directions. Different pipe geometries are used to demonstrate that the sequence performs well even in the extremely inhomogeneous B0 and B1 fields of these sensors.     

Velocity distributions remotely measured with a single-sided NMR sensor

The pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG NMR) method has proved to be a powerful non-invasive technique to measure molecular displacement in various systems. It has been largely implemented with conventional NMR magnets where the volume for housing the flow setup is restricted. In this work we present the first approach to measure velocity distributions ex situ implementing a pulsed field gradient sequence on a single-sided NMR sensor. The open geometry of these sensors provides access to NMR measurements of a large number of applications previously excluded by the geometry of conventional closed magnets. Both, the distortions to the displacement encoding observed when implementing a PFG sequence in the presence of strongly inhomogeneous B0 and B1 fields, and the performance of the modifications proposed to eliminate these distortions are shown by means of numerical simulations. An alternating stimulated spin-echo PFG sequence implemented to remotely measure velocity distributions was combined with a multi-echo acquisition scheme to significantly increase the sensitivity of the method. The technique was implemented to measure the velocity propagator in a fluid undergoing laminar flow and good agreement with the theoretical result is observed.     

高稳定度大视场大气风场测量新方法

提出了一种利用广角迈克耳孙干涉仪在动镜固定的情况下,依靠视场角的变化以调制光程差来测量大气风场的新方法以及探测模式和装置设想;采用干涉成像光谱技术对被探测源谱线为高斯轮廓时风扬的速度、温度的测量进行了分析和计算,这种方法具有稳定度高、实时性好,精确度高、大视场和高通量等优点。     

A single-scan method for measuring flow along an arbitrary direction

In this article, we demonstrate a single-scan method to measure an average flow velocity vector along an arbitrary direction. This method is based on the MMME sequence and utilizes static and pulsed magnetic field gradients along multiple directions for the optimal determination of flow velocity components in three-dimensional space. Experimentally measured average flow velocities from the flow induced phase shift with a single-scan MMME sequence show excellent agreements with the known flow rate, and the signal decay of each echo due to a velocity distribution is also quantitatively verified with known laminar flow patterns.     

激光驱动飞片的线面成像VISAR测速技术

以激光驱动飞片速度场诊断为例,展示线面同时成像任意反射面速度干涉仪(VISAR)技术在超高速碰撞研究中的应用前景。将传统VISAR改为成像干涉结构,用变像管扫描相机和高速光电分幅相机分别记录作为信号载体的梳状干涉条纹随时间的变化,实现靶面一条线上各点速度历程和多个时刻二维靶面上所有点速度相对分布的测量。所研制的线面同时成像VISAR具有10μm的空间分辨和约15m/s的速度分辨能力。用其测量了激光驱动铝膜飞片的速度场,直观给出飞片的演化发展过程。实验结果表明,线面同时成像VISAR技术可以为激光驱动飞片、超高速碰撞等领域的理论研究和数值模拟提供有效比对实验数据。     

快速交变电场驱动下压电换能器伸长曲线的测量

为测量压电换能器在快速交变电场驱动下的实际伸长变化,提出一种基于调频激光自外差信号解调技术的测量方法.该方法通过外差技术实现信号频谱搬移,避免了光电探测器接收时低频噪声的干扰,准确地获得了压电换能器端面速度的傅里叶谱;对傅里叶谱进行分析,从而获得压电换能器端面的速度曲线;对速度曲线积分,得到了伸长曲线.实验结果表明,基...     

Measurement of the superluminal group velocity of an ultrashort Bessel beam pulse

The superluminal group velocity of an ultrashort optical Bessel beam pulse is measured over its entire depth of field, corresponding to approximately 2x10(4) optical wavelengths. The method used is to measure the traveling ionization front induced by the pulse.     

用纵横波声时比法测螺栓轴力精度研究

用纵横波测量螺栓轴力的技术已取得较大发展,本文介绍了纵横波比值法原理,通过理论推导,获得比值法计算的简易公式。建立试验平台,用现场用螺栓进行标定和测量,得出比值法在工程实践状态下的测量误差为10%以内,基本能满足工程应用的要求。此外,针对试验结果,本文还初步探讨了误差出现的原因以及提高精度的方法。本文介绍的比值法,无需精确测量标定螺栓长度和纵横波声速,现场应用更加简洁,具有较大的工程应用价值。     

Temperature and velocity measurement of a 3-D thermal flow field using thermo-sensitive liquid crystals

It is an important challenge to analyze a three-dimensional thermal flow field in engineering, science, and agriculture. For such an analysis, it is essential to measure physical quantities such as temperature and velocity over the entire thermal flow field. This paper presents a measurement system based on color image processing for temperature and velocity vector distributions in a three-dimensional thermal flow field. Flow visualization is accomplished by the use of thermo-sensitive liquid crystal tracers. An algorithm for the color-to-temperature transformation using a multi-layer feed-forward neural network is applied to three-dimensional natural convection in a rotating cylindrical cell. Two-dimensional temperature distributions in a slit plane are obtained by using the algorithm. A three-dimensional temperature distribution is consequently constructed by interpolating the two-dimensional distributions using the B-spline function. In addition, the Spatio-Temporal correlation method is applied to the natural convection to obtain a three-dimensional velocity vector distribution.