用纵横波声时比法测螺栓轴力精度研究

用纵横波测量螺栓轴力的技术已取得较大发展，本文介绍了纵横波比值法原理，通过理论推导，获得比值法计算的简易公式。建立试验平台，用现场用螺栓进行标定和测量，得出比值法在工程实践状态下的测量误差为10%以内，基本能满足工程应用的要求。此外，针对试验结果，本文还初步探讨了误差出现的原因以及提高精度的方法。本文介绍的比值法，无需精确测量标定螺栓长度和纵横波声速，现场应用更加简洁，具有较大的工程应用价值。

Research on the accuracy of measuring bolt axial force by acoustic time ratio method of longitudinal and transverse waves

The technology of measuring bolt axial force by longitudinal and transverse waves has been developed greatly. This paper introduces the principle of longitudinal and transverse wave ratio method, and obtains the simple formula of ratio method through theoretical derivation. The test platform is established, and the field bolt is used to calibrate and measure. The measurement error of the ratio method introduced in this paper is less than 10% in engineering practice, which can basically meet the requirements of engineering application. In addition, according to the test results, the causes of errors and method of improving the accuracy are also discussed in this paper. The ratio method introduced in this paper does not need to accurately measure the length of the calibration bolt and the velocity of the longitudinal and transverse waves, which is more concise in field application and has great engineering application value.