透射电镜光学薄膜制样新法

将新劈开的云母片制成直径大约为2厘米的圆片,中心挖一个直径略小于3毫米的圆孔(即稍小于电子显微镜铜网的直径)。再用一张滤纸亦剪成直径为2厘米的圆片,在中心放一带有支持膜的电子显微镜铜网(其支持膜可以是火棉胶膜,也可以是聚乙烯醇缩甲醛膜,支持膜的制备与常规电子显镜铜网支持膜的制备方法相同)。放好铜网后,再     

自组装ITO/双层磷脂膜的制备及其光电行为研究

在ITO(Indium-tin-oxide)导电玻璃电极上制备上自组装双层磷脂膜和经C60修饰的双层磷脂膜,研究了这种自组装双层磷脂膜的光电行为,考察了偏压、溶液中的给体和受体的浓度对自组装膜光电流强度的影响,讨论了C60分子对光电子跨膜传递过程的促进作用。     

单分散聚苯乙烯微球的制备及表征

应用膜乳化-液中干燥法成功制备出粒径为2～20μm的单分散聚苯乙烯(PS)微球.PS微球的粒径主要由膜孔径决定,其值约为膜孔径的2倍;PS溶液的浓度对其也有一定的影响.膜乳化过程中的压力对微球粒径的分散性有很大的影响,在一定压力范围内,粒径呈单分散.在分散相中加入致孔剂,制备出表面多孔的PS微球.采用复乳-液中干燥法制备出中空PS微球.     

细菌纤维素膜的制备与性能

以细菌纤维素为原料,氯化锂(LiCl)/二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,通过相转化法制备了细菌纤维素膜.用单纤维强力仪对膜的拉伸强度和伸长率进行测试,分析了细菌纤维素浓度、凝固浴温度、凝固浴浓度、凝固时间及塑化条件对膜力学性能的影响.结果表明:在一定范围内,随着制膜液中细菌纤维素浓度的增加、凝固浴温度的降低和凝固浴浓度的增大,膜的拉伸强度和伸长率均提高;随着甘油浓度的增大和塑化时间的延长,膜的拉伸强度逐渐减小,伸长率逐渐增大.     

混合基质水处理膜:材料、制备与性能

以反渗透、纳滤为代表的膜技术已广泛应用于海水和苦咸水脱盐等水处理过程。通过将纳米颗粒添加到传统复合膜基质中,可以制备具有高分离性能和耐污染性的新型膜材料。混合基质膜结合了无机材料及有机聚合物各自的优点,是新型水处理膜材料的发展方向。本文综述了添加无机纳米颗粒的混合基质反渗透、纳滤及正渗透膜的研究进展,详细讨论了不同类型纳米材料的性质和功能,分析了表面有机改性对改善纳米材料分散性以及与聚合物基质相容性的作用,探讨了纳米材料添加方式和膜制备方法对膜结构和性能的影响。在此基础上,进一步探究了混合基质膜的成膜及分离机理,归纳了目前研究中存在的主要问题,并对未来水处理膜材料的研发方向提出了建议。     

溶液预凝胶化对再生纤维素水凝胶膜性能的影响

研究了溶液预凝胶化对纤维素/NaOH/尿素水溶液体系以浸没沉淀相转化法制备的再生纤维素水凝胶膜的影响.通过静态拉伸、扫描电子显微镜研究了预凝胶化温度、凝固浴温度、凝固浴组成对再生纤维素水凝胶膜结构和性能的影响.结果表明,与常规的浸没沉淀相转化法相比,使溶液预凝胶化可以提高所制备的水凝胶膜的机械性能.经60℃预凝胶30 min后制备的水凝胶膜,拉伸强度比未经预凝胶处理的水凝胶膜提高85%.凝固浴温度的升高和凝固浴中硫酸浓度的增大均会导致形成具有较大孔结构的纤维素水凝胶膜,机械性能也随之下降.     

丙烯酸改性聚醚砜中空纤维渗透汽化膜的研究

采用自由基聚合反应制备了丙烯酸接枝改性的聚醚砜中空纤维渗透汽化膜,该膜用于醇／水分离获得了良好的效果。结果表明,通过改变聚合单体的浓度可以控制膜的接枝率,并调节膜的选择性和通量。改性膜的红外光谱和电镜分析结果表明：膜的接枝反应主要发生在中空纤维膜的内表面,膜的外表面接枝程度很低。力学性能测试表明接枝后膜的拉伸强度减弱。     

冠醚修饰的固体支撑双层类脂膜的形成及性能研究

用饱和了胆固醇和饰用冠醚的角鲨烷／氯仿溶液作成膜液，制备了冠醚修饰的固体支撑双层类脂分子膜。重点考察了成膜物种及技术对膜稳定性及电特生影响。其膜电势随接触水相中的变化呈现Ｎｅｒｎｓｔ响应，线性范围１０＾－４－１０＾－１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

锌-槲皮素配位分子印迹聚合物膜渗透特性的研究

采用紫外光引发原位聚合的方法制备了以聚偏氟乙烯管状微孔滤膜为支撑膜的锌离子配位分子印迹聚合物膜. 通过膜渗透实验表明, 在一定浓度锌离子存在下, 印迹膜对模板分子槲皮素表现出良好的渗透选择性. 分别考察了阳离子和阴离子对印迹膜渗透模板分子的影响. 本工作对分子印迹技术应用于实际样品中槲皮素的分离与富集具有重要意义.     

制膜条件对PVDF膜形态结构的影响

对干湿相转换法制备聚偏氟乙烯微孔膜进行了研究。利用光透射仪研究了不同制膜条件下成膜分相速度及其变化规律，用气体渗透法测定了膜的平均孔径和有效孔隙率，并结合电镜照片对不同制膜条件下膜的结构和性能进行了表征。实验结果表明较低的铸膜液温度和凝胶浴温度、较短的蒸发时间和较低聚合物浓度有利于增加膜的有效孔隙率。在铸膜液中加入非溶剂是提高膜性能的一种手段，但非溶剂的加入量需足够大，以抵消铸膜液温度提高引起的相反的效应。     

CHARACTERIZATION OF REGENERATED CELLULOSE MEMBRANES HYDROLYZED FROM CELLULOSE ACETATE

A series of cellulose acetate membranes were prepared by using formamide as additive, and then were hydrolyzedin 4 wt% aqueous NaOH solution for 8 h to obtain regenerated cellulose membranes. The dependence of degree ofsubstitution, structure, porous properties, solubility and thermal stability on hydrolysis time was studied by chemical titration,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and differentialscanning calorimetry, respectively. The results indicated that the pore size of the regenerated cellulose membranes wasslightly smaller than that of cellulose acetate membrane, while solvent-resistance, crystallinity and thermostability weresignificantly improved. This work provides a simple way to prepare the porous cellulose membranes, which not only kept thegood pore characteristics of cellulose acetate membranes, but also possessed solvent-resistance, high crystallinity andthermostability. Therefore, the application range ofcellulose acetate membranes can be expanded.     

CELLULOSE ACETATE AND EPOXY RESIN BLEND ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANES: REPARATION,CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATION

ABSTRACT

Membranes based on cellulose acetate used in ultrafiltration applications lack good, chemical, mechanical and thermal resistance. In order to prepare membranes with improved properties, modification of cellulose acetate with epoxy resin through solution blending was attempted. In the present work, the membrane casting solutions with different polymer blend compositions of cellulose acetate and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) were prepared at 30±2°C. The maximum percent compatibility of the two polymers, cellulose acetate and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A, was estimated to be 60/40%. Ultrafiltration blend membranes based on various blend compositions were prepared, characterized in terms of compaction, pure water flux, water content, membrane hydraulic resistance and molecular weight cut-off. The application of these membranes, in rejection of proteins of various molecular weights, are discussed.     

亲水膜的表面改性及在膜蒸馏中的应用

膜的微孔性和疏水性是水溶液膜蒸馏的两个基本条件,迄今人们均采用疏水性高分子材料制成疏水微孔膜用于膜蒸馏研究。本文采用辐照接枝聚合和等离子体表面聚合的方法,将亲水的醋酸纤维素微孔膜和硝酸纤维素微孔膜表面疏水化改性,成功地用于膜蒸馏研究,大大扩展了疏水微孔膜的材料来源。实验结果表明,亲水膜表面改性得到的疏水膜,其膜蒸馏性能不低于疏水材料制成的膜,尤其是等离子体聚合法可以实现多种特殊单体在多孔的材料表面聚合,成为制备高性能疏水微孔膜的有效手段,为膜蒸馏的深入发展和实用化创造了有利条件。     

Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase on Cellulose／Cellulose Acetate Membrane and its Detection by Scanning Electrochemical Microscope （SECM）

Cellulose/cellulose acetate membranes were prepared and functionalized by introducingamino group on it, and then immobilized the glucose oxidase (Gox) on the functionalizd membrane.SECM was applied for the detection of enzyme activity immobilized on the membrane.Immobilized biomolecules on such membranes was combined with analysis apparatus and can beused in bioassays.     

新型α-纤维素膜制备与性能研究

以N 甲基氧化吗啉为溶剂制备了α 纤维素膜并对其机械性能、液体渗透性能以及耐酸、碱性能进行了考察 .α 纤维素膜机械强度达 133 3MPa ,比其他方法制备的纤维素膜高 30 %～ 6 0 % .α 纤维素膜数对牛血清蛋白的截留率达到 98% ,在pH1至pH9范围内液体渗透流量保持稳定 .文章通过与其他纤维素膜比较 ,进一步揭示了新的制膜方法对纤维素膜结构和性能的影响     

三醋酸纤维素/醋酸纤维素正渗透膜的制备工艺对性能的影响

通过相转变法制备了一系列三醋酸纤维素/醋酸纤维素正渗透膜,并探索了影响正渗透膜水通量的三个重要因素:膜厚度、凝胶时间、热处理过程。结果表明膜厚度为300mm、凝胶时间48 h,并经过热处理以后的正渗透膜水通量效果最佳,达到7.088 L/m~2·h。     

Studies on cellulose acetate-carboxylated polysulfone blend ultrafiltration membranes--Part I

Hydrophilic polysulfone ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were prepared from blends of cellulose acetate with carboxylated polysulfone of 0.14 degree of carboxylation. The effects of blend polymer composition on compaction, pure water flux, water content and membrane hydraulic resistance (R_m), have been investigated to evaluate the performance of the membranes. The performance of the blend membranes of various blend polymer compositions were compared with that of membranes prepared from pure cellulose acetate and blends of cellulose acetate and pure polysulfone. The hydrophilic cellulose acetate-carboxylated polysulfone blend UF membranes showed better performance compared to membranes prepared from pure cellulose acetate and blends of cellulose acetate and pure polysulfone.     

Chiral separation of (R,S)-2-phenyl-1-propanol through cellulose acetate butyrate membranes

As the cellulose acetate butyrate possessed multichiral carbon atoms in its molecular structure unit, enantioselective membrane was prepared using cellulose acetate butyrate as membrane material. The flux and permselective properties of membrane using aqueous solutions of (R,S)-2-phenyl-1-propanol as feed solution was studied. The top surface and cross-section morphology of the resulting membranes were examined by scanning electron microscopy. When the membrane was prepared with 15 wt.% cellulose acetate butyrate and 20 wt.% DMF in the casting solution, and the operating pressure and feed concentration of racemate were 2 kgf/cm² and 5 mmol/L, respectively, over 98% of enantiomeric excess (e.e.) was obtained. This is a report, for the first time, that the cellulose acetate butyrate is used as optical resolution membrane material for isolating the optical isomers of (R,S)-2-phenyl-1-propanol.     

两种固定化金属螯合复合亲和膜色谱介质制备

以纤维素滤纸为基质,通过碱处理、环氧活化、偶联亚氨基二乙酸二钠、固定化Ｃｕ＾２＋后制得了大孔纤维素亲和膜。另外,在活化后的膜上通过共价交联覆盖上琼脂糖,制得了具有类似“三明治”结构且性能优于的复合亲和膜,装柱后分别制得固定化金属螯合亲和膜色谱柱。对两种亲和膜进行牛血清白蛋白等温吸附测定显示,两者的最大吸附量分别为１．１７ｍｇ／ｃｍ＾２和１．３０ｍｇ／ｃｍ＾２,与传统的琼脂糖凝胶类介质吸附量相当,表