Matrix isolation infrared spectroscopic and theoretical studies on the reactions of niobium and tantalum mono- and dioxides with methane

The reactions of niobium and tantalum monoxides and dioxides with methane have been investigated using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopic and theoretical calculations. The niobium and tantalum oxide molecules were prepared by laser evaporation of Nb(2)O(5) and Ta(2)O(5) bulk targets. The niobium monoxide molecule interacted with methane to form the ONb(CH(4)) complex, which was predicted to have C(3)(v)() symmetry with the metal atom coordinated to three hydrogen atoms of the methane molecule. The ONb(CH(4)) complex rearranged to the CH(3)Nb(O)H isomer upon 300 nm < lambda < 580 nm irradiation. The analogous OTa(CH(4)) complex was not observed, but the CH(3)Ta(O)H molecule was produced upon UV irradiation. The niobium and tantalum dioxide molecules reacted with methane to form the O(2)Nb(CH(4)) and O(2)Ta(CH(4)) complexes with C(s)() symmetry, which underwent photochemical rearrangement to the CH(3)Nb(O)OH and CH(3)Ta(O)OH isomers upon ultraviolet irradiation.     

Matrix isolation infrared spectroscopic and theoretical study of the reactions of tantalum oxide molecules with methanol

The reactions of tantalum monoxide (TaO) and dioxide (TaO(2)) molecules with methanol in solid neon were investigated by infrared absorption spectroscopy. The ground-state TaO molecule reacted with CH(3)OH in forming the CH(3)OTa(O)H molecule via the hydroxylic hydrogen atom transfer from methanol to the metal center spontaneously on annealing. The observation of the spontaneous reaction is consistent with theoretical predictions that the OH bond activation process is both thermodynamically exothermic and kinetically facile. In contrast, the TaO(2) molecule reacted with CH(3)OH to give primarily the TaO(2)(CH(3)OH) complex, which further rearranged to the CH(3)OTa(O)OH isomer via the hydroxylic hydrogen atom transfer from methanol to one of oxygen atom of metal dioxide upon visible light excitation.     

Intracluster ion-molecule reactions of Ti+ with C2H5OH and CF3CH2OH clusters: influence of fluorine substituents on chemical reactivity

A laser ablation-molecular beam/reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometric technique was used to investigate the ion-molecule reactions that proceed within Ti+(ROH)n (R = C2H5, CF3CH2) heterocluster ions. The mass spectra exhibit a major sequence of cluster ions with the formula Ti+(OR)m(ROH)n (m = 1, 2), which is attributed to sequential insertions of Ti+ into the O-H bond of C2H5OH or CF3CH2OH molecules within the heteroclusters, followed by H eliminations. The TiO+ and TiOH+ ions produced from the reactions of Ti+ with C2H5OH are interpreted as arising from insertion of Ti+ into the C-O bond, followed by C2H5 and C2H6 eliminations, respectively. When Ti+ reacted with CF3CH2OH, by contrast, considerable contributions from TiFOH+, TiF2+, and TiF2OH+ ions were observed in the mass spectrum of the reaction products, indicating that F and OH abstractions are the dominant product channels. Ab initio calculations of the complex of Ti+ with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol show that the minimum energy structure is that in which Ti+ is attached to the O atom and one of the three F atoms of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, forming a five-membered ring. Isotope-labeling experiments additionally show that the chemical reactivity of heterocluster ions is greatly influenced by the presence of fluorine substituents and cluster size. The reaction energetics and formation mechanisms of the observed heterocluster ions are discussed.     

NanoTiO2-CNT复合膜电极在DMF溶液中对糠醛的异相电催化还原

通过在乙醇中电化学溶解Ti金属阳极合成前驱体Ti(OEt)4和溶胶-凝胶法在Ti表面修饰一层纳米TiO2-碳纳米管(nanoTiO2-CNT)复合膜, 采用循环伏安和电解合成法研究了nanoTiO2-CNT复合膜电极在N, N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的氧化还原行为以及对糠醛(furfural)还原的电催化活性. 结果发现, nanoTiO2-CNT电极在阴极扫描时有两对氧化还原峰, 可逆半波电位E r1/2 分别为－1.27 V和－2.44 V(vs SCE, 扫描速度100 mV•s-1), 分别对应于TiO2/Ti2O3氧化还原电对的可逆电极过程和TiO2/Ti(OH)3电对的准可逆电极过程；在DMF电解液中nanoTiO2-CNT复合膜中的Ti(IV)/Ti(III)氧化还原电对作为媒质间接电还原糠醛为糠醇, 反应机理为电化学偶联随后化学催化反应(EC′)机理.     

光促甲烷和水合成甲醇和氢催化剂的研究

用表面改性法制备TiO2/SiO2，以等体积浸渍法制备负载型复合半导体催化剂(MoO3,ZnO)-TiO2/SiO2，通过XRD、BET、TPR、IR、UV-Vis DRS和TPD等技术对材料的表面形态结构、吸光特性、化学吸附性能及光催化甲烷和水的反应性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明，MoO3-TiO2/SiO2和ZnO-TiO2/SiO2的表面物种均具有显著的量子尺寸效应，在表面分别形成Mo—O—Ti和Zn—O—Ti复合结构；MoO3和TiO2在载体表面的复合可提高对光能的利用率并可增强对甲烷的化学吸附性能， 结果使得MoO3-TiO2/SiO2的光催化反应性能明显优于ZnO-TiO2/SiO2；在固定床环隙反应器中，150℃MoO3-TiO2/SiO2光催化气相甲烷和水合成了目的产物甲醇和氢，甲醇的选择性达到87.3％。     

Atmospheric chemistry of a model biodiesel fuel, CH3C(O)O(CH2)2OC(O)CH3: kinetics, mechanisms, and products of Cl atom and OH radical initiated oxidation in the presence and absence of NOx

Relative rate techniques were used to study the kinetics of the reactions of Cl atoms and OH radicals with ethylene glycol diacetate, CH3C(O)O(CH2)2OC(O)CH3, in 700 Torr of N2/O2 diluent at 296 K. The rate constants measured were k(Cl + CH3C(O)O(CH2)2OC(O)CH3) = (5.7 +/- 1.1) x 10(-12) and k(OH + CH3C(O)O(CH2)2OC(O)CH3) = (2.36 +/- 0.34) x 10(-12) cm3 molecule-1 s-1. Product studies of the Cl atom initiated oxidation of ethylene glycol diacetate in the absence of NO in 700 Torr of O2/N2 diluent at 296 K show the primary products to be CH3C(O)OC(O)CH2OC(O)CH3, CH3C(O)OC(O)H, and CH3C(O)OH. Product studies of the Cl atom initiated oxidation of ethylene glycol diacetate in the presence of NO in 700 Torr of O2/N2 diluent at 296 K show the primary products to be CH3C(O)OC(O)H and CH3C(O)OH. The CH3C(O)OCH2O* radical is formed during the Cl atom initiated oxidation of ethylene glycol diacetate, and two loss mechanisms were identified: reaction with O2 to give CH3C(O)OC(O)H and alpha-ester rearrangement to give CH3C(O)OH and HC(O) radicals. The reaction of CH3C(O)OCH2O2* with NO gives chemically activated CH3C(O)OCH2O* radicals which are more likely to undergo decomposition via the alpha-ester rearrangement than CH3C(O)OCH2O* radicals produced in the peroxy radical self-reaction.     

Novel Ti-O-Ti bonding species constructed in a metal-oxide cluster

The preparation and structural characterization of a novel Ti-O-Ti bonding complex constructed in the mono-lacunary alpha-Keggin polyoxometalate (POM), are described. The water-soluble, crystalline complex with a formula of K5H2[[{Ti(OH)(ox)}2(micro-O)](alpha-PW11O39)] x 13H2O 1 was prepared in 30.2% (0.60 g scale) yield in a 1 : 3 molar-ratio reaction of the tri-lacunary species of alpha-Keggin POM, Na9[A-PW9O34] x 19H2O, with the titanium(IV) source, K2TiO(ox)2 x 2H2O (H2ox = oxalic acid), in HCl-acidic solution (pH 0.08), and characterized by complete elemental analysis, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses (TG/DTA), FTIR, solution (31P, 183W, 1H and 13C) NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The complex was also obtained in 47.6% (0.81 g scale) yield in a 1 : 2 molar-ratio reaction of the mono-lacunary Keggin POM, K7[PW11O39] x 10H2O, with the anionic titanium(IV) complex under acidic conditions. The molecular structure of [[{Ti(OH)(ox)}2(micro-O)](alpha-PW11O39)]7- 1a, was successfully determined. This POM in the solid state is composed of one host (mono-lacunary site) and two guests (two octahedral Ti groups), in contrast to most titanium (IV)-substituted POMs consisting of one host and one guest. On the other hand, the 31P NMR measurements revealed that in aqueous solution this POM was present under a dissociation equilibrium which depends upon both temperature and pH.     

Novel Ti-O-Ti bonding species constructed in a metal-oxide cluster: reaction products of bis(oxalato)oxotitanate(IV) with the dimeric, 1,2-dititanium(IV)-substituted Keggin polyoxotungstate

The preparation and structural characterization of a novel Ti-O-Ti bonding complex constructed in a dilacunary alpha-Keggin polyoxometalate (POM), [[{Ti(ox)(H2O)}4(mu-O)3](alpha-PW10O37)](7-) (H2ox = oxalic acid) (1a), are described. The water-soluble, crystalline complex with a formula of K6H[1a].0.5KCl.10H2O (1p) was prepared as the bulk sample in 28.0% (0.51 g scale) yield in a 1:4 molar-ratio reaction of the dititanium(IV)-substituted, dimeric form of an alpha-Keggin POM, K10[(alpha-1,2-PW10Ti2O39)2].18H2O, with the titanium(IV) source K2[TiO(ox)2].2H2O in HCl-acidic solution (pH 0.08). Prior to formation of 1p, the KCl-free crystalline compound (1c) obtained was characterized with X-ray crystallography. The compound 1p was unequivocally characterized with complete elemental analysis, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses (TG/DTA), FTIR, and solution (31P, 183W, and 13C) NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of 1a was determined. The POM 1a in the solid state was composed of the four octahedral Ti groups (four guests), i.e., the two Ti-O-Ti groups linked with the mu-O atom, incorporated to the two adjacent, octahedral vacant sites (two hosts) in the dilacunary Keggin POM. The formation of 1a, as well as the recently found POM [{Ti(ox)(H2O)}2(mu-O)](alpha-PW11O39)](5-) (2a), was strongly dependent on the reaction with [TiO(ox)2](2-), i.e., the anionic titanium(IV) complex as the titanium(IV) source. The POM 1a is contrasted to most titanium(IV)-substituted POMs consisting of a combination of a monolacunary site (one host) and an octahedral Ti group (one guest) and also contrasted to 2a as a combination of a monolacunary site (one host) and two octahedral Ti groups or a Ti-O-Ti group (two guests).     

新戊基钛在MCM-41表面的接枝反应及产物性质

采用原位红外光谱法在真空系统中考察了MCM-41分子筛表面与四新戊基钛Ti(CH2CMe3)4的反应,发现这个反应可在室温下定量进行,得到表面新戊基钛(≡Si－O)2Ti(CH2CMe3)2. 这种表面新戊基钛很容易与CH3OH、H2O和O2进一步发生反应分别得到(≡Si－O)2Ti(OCH3)2、(≡Si－O)2Ti(OH)2和(≡Si－O)2Ti(OCH2CMe3)2等表面化合物.在氧气中焙烧由(≡Si－O)2Ti(CH2CMe3)2水解所得的(≡Si－O)2Ti(OH)2可制得表面含钛MCM-41介孔分子筛（Ti-MCM-41）.元素分析、低温N2吸附-脱附、紫外可见漫反射光谱、X射线粉末衍射和FTIR等表征结果表明,接枝反应和后续的处理不破坏分子筛的介孔结构; Ti-MCM-41的比表面积和孔直径较MCM-41略有降低; Ti原子在Ti-MCM-41表面以TiO4四面体配位状态分散,并对乙烯氧化有较明显的光催化活性.论文还通过对Ti-MCM-41与水热合成骨架含钛[Ti]-MCM-41结构和光催化活性的比较,对分子筛类材料光催化作用机制进行了分析探讨.     

The synthesis, structure and ethene polymerisation catalysis of mono(salicylaldiminato) titanium and zirconium complexes

The silyl ethers 3-But-2-(OSiMe3)C6H3CH=NR (2a-e) have been prepared by deprotonation of the known iminophenols (1a-e) and treatment with SiClMe3 (a, R = C6H5; b, R = 2,6-Pri2C6H3; c, R = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2; d, R = 2-C6H5C6H4; e, R = C6F5). 2a-c react with TiCl4 in hydrocarbon solvents to give the binuclear complexes [Ti{3-But-2-(O)C6H3CH=N(R)}Cl(mu-Cl3)TiCl3] (3a-c). The pentafluorophenyl species 2e reacts with TiCl4 to give the known complex Ti{3-But-2-(O)C6H3CH=N(R)}2Cl2. The mononuclear five-coordinate complex, Ti{3-But-2-(O)C6H3CH=N(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)}Cl3 (4c), was isolated after repeated recrystallisation of 3c. Performing the dehalosilylation reaction in the presence of tetrahydrofuran yields the octahedral, mononuclear complexes Ti{3-But-2-(O)C6H3CH=N(R)}Cl3(THF) (5a-e). The reaction with ZrCl4(THF)2 proceeds similarly to give complexes Zr{3-But-2-(O)C6H3CH=N(R)}Cl3(THF) (6b-e). The crystal structures of 3b, 4c, 5a, 5c, 5e, 6b, 6d, 6e and the salicylaldehyde titanium complex Ti{3-But-2-(O)C6H3CH=O}Cl3(THF) (7) have been determined. Activation of complexes 5a-e and 6b-e with MAO in an ethene saturated toluene solution gives polyethylene with at best high activity depending on the imine substituent.     

TiCl4溶胶凝胶法制备TiO2纳米粉体

利用TiCl4的乙醇溶液作为前驱体 ,运用溶胶凝胶法制备了TiO2 纳米粉体 .研究结果表明 ,在TiCl4与乙醇混合成溶液的过程中 ,TiCl4即与乙醇及乙醇中的微量水发生醇解和部分水解脱氯反应形成钛酸酯 .在随后的成胶化过程中 ,则主要是钛酸酯吸收气氛中的水气 ,脱去乙醇基形成Ti-OH键并发生缩脱水聚合形成无机聚合物溶胶 .增加成胶化时间 ,可以促进乙醇基的脱去和无机聚合物的形成 ,促进锐钛矿TiO2 纳米颗粒的形成     

Titanium and zirconium complexes of preorganized tripodal triaryloxide ligands

Tri(2-oxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)methane, [O3]3- has been used to prepare titanium and zirconium complexes of the general formula [O3]MX (M = Ti, X = NEt2, Cl, CH2Ph; M = Zr, X = CH2Ph). The tripodal [O3] ligand in titanium complexes adopt the syn- and the anti-conformation, while the syn complex of zirconium undergoes facile C-H activation to give a 5-carbametalatrane [O3C]Zr(THF)3.     

新型N,N'-二(邻氧乙酸)苄叉丙二胺合铜(II)和镍(Ⅱ)及N-(邻氧乙酸)苄叉丙二胺合铜(Ⅱ)的合成、晶体结构及抑菌活性

在乙醇和水的混合溶液中, 将N,N'-二(邻氧乙酸)苄叉丙二胺(1)与氯化铜反应, 获得配合物Cu(Ⅱ)L1·H2O·0.25CH3CH2OH(2)[L1=N,N'-二(邻氧乙酸)苄叉丙二胺]; 当将反应混合溶液的pH值调至8~9, 获得Cu(Ⅱ)ClL2·3H2O(3)[L2=N-(邻氧乙酸)苄叉丙二胺]; 将N,N'-二(邻氧乙酸)苄叉丙二胺(1)与氯化镍反应, 获得配合物Ni(Ⅱ)L1·2.75H2O(4). 用元素分析、1H NMR和IR谱等方法对所合成的化合物1和配合物2~4进行了表征, 并测定了配合物2~4的晶体结构. 在配合物2中, 铜原子为六配位[CuN2O4], 在配合物3中, 铜原子为六配位[CuN2O3Cl], 在配合物4中, 镍原子为六配位[NiN2O4], 三个配合物均为畸变八面体结构. 抑菌活性大小的顺序: 配合物3>配合物2>化合物1.     

Computational study on the existence of organic peroxy radical-water complexes (RO2.H2O)

The existence of a series of organic peroxy radical-water complexes [CH3O2.H2O (methyl peroxy); CH3CH2O2.H2O (ethyl peroxy); CH3C(O)O2.H2O (acetyl peroxy); CH3C(O)CH2O2.H2O (acetonyl peroxy); CH2(OH)O2.H2O (hydroxyl methyl peroxy); CH2(OH)CH2O2.H2O (2-hydroxy ethyl peroxy); CH2(F)O2.H2O (fluoro methyl peroxy); CH2(F)CH2O2.H2O (2-fluoro ethyl peroxy)] is evaluated using high level ab initio calculations. A wide range of binding energies is predicted for these complexes, in which the difference in binding energies can be explained by examination of the composition of the R group attached to the peroxy moiety. The general trend in binding energies has been determined to be as follows: fluorine approximately alkyl < carbonyl < alcohol. The weakest bound complex, CH3O2.H2O, is calculated to be bound by 2.3 kcal mol-1, and the strongest, the CH2(OH)O2.H2O complex, is bound by 5.1 kcal mol-1. The binding energy of the peroxy radical-water complexes which contain carbonyl and alcohol groups indicates that these complexes may perturb the kinetics and product branching ratios of reactions involving these complexes.     

Nucleophilic de-coordination and electrophilic regeneration of "hemilabile" pincer-type complexes: formation of anionic dialkyl, diaryl, and dihydride Pt(II) complexes bearing no stabilizing pi-acceptors

Novel anionic dialkyl, diaryl, and dihydride platinum(II) complexes based on the new "long-arm" hemilabile PCN-type ligand C6H4[CH2P(tBu)2](CH2)2N(CH3)2 with the general formula Li+[Pt(PCN)(R)2]- (R=Me (4), Ph (6) and H (9)) were prepared by reaction of [Pt(PCN)(R)] complexes (obtained from the corresponding chlorides) with an equivalent of RLi, as a result of the opening of the chelate ring. Alkylating agents based on other metals produce less stable products. These anionic d8 complexes are thermally stable although they bear no stabilizing pi acceptors. They were characterized by 1H, 31P[1H], 13C, and 7Li NMR spectroscopy; complex 9 was also characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography, showing that the Li+ ion is coordinated to the nitrogen atom of the open amine arm and to the hydride ligand (trans to the P atom) of a neighboring molecule (H--Li=2.15 A), resulting in a dimeric structure. Complexes 4 and 9 exhibit high nucleophilic reactivity, upon which the pincer complex is regenerated. Reaction of 4 with water, methyl iodide, and iodobenzene resulted in the neutral complex [Pt(PCN)(CH3)] (3) and methane, ethane, or toluene, respectively. Labeling studies indicate that the reaction proceeds by direct electrophilic attack on the metal center, rather than attack on the alkyl ligand. The anionic dihydride complex 9 reacted with water and methyl iodide to yield [Pt(PCN)(H)] (8) and H2 or methane, respectively.     

Atmospheric chemistry of two biodiesel model compounds: methyl propionate and ethyl acetate

The atmospheric chemistry of two C(4)H(8)O(2) isomers (methyl propionate and ethyl acetate) was investigated. With relative rate techniques in 980 mbar of air at 293 K the following rate constants were determined: k(C(2)H(5)C(O)OCH(3) + Cl) = (1.57 ± 0.23) × 10(-11), k(C(2)H(5)C(O)OCH(3) + OH) = (9.25 ± 1.27) × 10(-13), k(CH(3)C(O)OC(2)H(5) + Cl) = (1.76 ± 0.22) × 10(-11), and k(CH(3)C(O)OC(2)H(5) + OH) = (1.54 ± 0.22) × 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The chlorine atom initiated oxidation of methyl propionate in 930 mbar of N(2)/O(2) diluent (with, and without, NO(x)) gave methyl pyruvate, propionic acid, acetaldehyde, formic acid, and formaldehyde as products. In experiments conducted in N(2) diluent the formation of CH(3)CHClC(O)OCH(3) and CH(3)CCl(2)C(O)OCH(3) was observed. From the observed product yields we conclude that the branching ratios for reaction of chlorine atoms with the CH(3)-, -CH(2)-, and -OCH(3) groups are <49 ± 9%, 42 ± 7%, and >9 ± 2%, respectively. The chlorine atom initiated oxidation of ethyl acetate in N(2)/O(2) diluent gave acetic acid, acetic acid anhydride, acetic formic anhydride, formaldehyde, and, in the presence of NO(x), PAN. From the yield of these products we conclude that at least 41 ± 6% of the reaction of chlorine atoms with ethyl acetate occurs at the -CH(2)- group. The rate constants and branching ratios for reactions of OH radicals with methyl propionate and ethyl acetate were investigated theoretically using transition state theory. The stationary points along the oxidation pathways were optimized at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//BHandHLYP/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. The reaction of OH radicals with ethyl acetate was computed to occur essentially exclusively (～99%) at the -CH(2)- group. In contrast, both methyl groups and the -CH(2)- group contribute appreciably in the reaction of OH with methyl propionate. Decomposition via the α-ester rearrangement (to give C(2)H(5)C(O)OH and a HCO radical) and reaction with O(2) (to give CH(3)CH(2)C(O)OC(O)H) are competing atmospheric fates of the alkoxy radical CH(3)CH(2)C(O)OCH(2)O. Chemical activation of CH(3)CH(2)C(O)OCH(2)O radicals formed in the reaction of the corresponding peroxy radical with NO favors the α-ester rearrangement.     

Synthesis and characterization of complexes containing Ti-O-Si moieties. Catalytic activity in olefin epoxidation

Reaction of [Cp*TiMe3] with O(SiPh2OH)2 yields the titanium siloxide derivative [Cp*TiMe{(OSiPh2)2O}]. Complex reacts with H2O to yield the corresponding oxo-titanium derivative [(Cp*Ti{(OSiPh2)2O})2(micro-O)]. The molecular structure of complex has been established by X-ray diffraction. Complex reacts with triphenylsilanol to give the asymmetric titanium siloxide [Cp*Ti(OSiPh3){(OSiPh2)2O}]. Treatment of the dinuclear titanium compound [(Cp*TiCl2)2(micro-O)] with an equimolar amount of O(SiPh2OH)2 yields complex [(Cp*TiCl)2{micro-(OSiPh2)2O}(micro-O)] in which the disiloxide moiety is bridging two titanium atoms. The structure of has been determined by X-ray diffraction. Reaction of [Cp*TiMe3] with HOSiPh3 yields the titanium triphenylsiloxide [Cp*TiMe2(OSiPh3)]. Complex reacts with water to yield [{Cp*TiMe(OSiPh3)}2(micro-O)]. The triflate compound [Cp*Ti(OSiPh3)2(OTf)] can be prepared by reaction of with HOTf and triphenylsilanol. We have tested the catalytic activity of some of the complexes in the epoxidation of cyclohexene.     

Dehydrogenation of methanol by vanadium oxide and hydroxide cluster cations in the gas phase

Bare vanadium oxide and hydroxide cluster cations, V(m)O(n)+ and V(m)O(n-1) (OH)+ (m = 1-4, n = 1-10), generated by electrospray ionization, were investigated with respect to their reactivity toward methanol using mass spectrometric techniques. Several reaction channels were observed, such as abstraction of a hydrogen atom, a methyl radical, or a hydroxymethyl radical, elimination of methane, and adduct formation. Moreover, dehydrogenation of methanol to generate formaldehyde was found to occur via four different pathways. Formaldehyde was released as a free molecule either upon transfer of two hydrogen atoms to the cluster or upon transfer of an oxygen atom from the cluster to the neutral alcohol concomitant with elimination of water. Further, formaldehyde was attached to V(m)O(n)+ upon loss of H2 or neutral water to produce the cation V(m)O(n)(OCH(2))+ or V(m)O(n-1) (OCH(2))+, respectively. A reactivity screening revealed that only high-valent vanadium oxide clusters are reactive with respect to H2 uptake, oxygen transfer, and elimination of H2O, whereas smaller and low-valent cluster cations are capable of dehydrogenating methanol via elimination of H2. For comparison, the reactivity of methanol with the corresponding hydroxide cluster ions, V(m)O(n-1) (OH)+, was studied also, for which dominant pathways lead to both condensation and association products, i.e., generation of the ions V(m)O(n-1) (OCH(3))+ and V(m)O(n-1) (OH)(CH(3)OH)+, respectively.     

Reactions of the ionized enol tautomer of acetanilide: elimination of HNCO via a novel rearrangement

The reactions of ionised acetanilide, C(6)H(5)NH(=O)CH(3)(.+), and its enol, C(6)H(5)NH(OH)=CH(2)(.+), have been studied by a combination of tandem mass spectrometric and computational methods. These two isomeric radical cations have distinct chemistries at low internal energies. The keto tautomer eliminates exclusively CH(2)=C=O to give ionised aniline. In contrast, the enol tautomer loses H-N=C=O, via an unusual skeletal rearrangement, to form predominantly ionised methylene cyclohexadiene. Hydrogen atom loss also occurs from the enol tautomer, with the formation of protonated oxindole. The mechanisms for H-N=C=O and hydrogen atom loss both involve cyclisation; the former proceeds via a spiro transition state formed by attachment of the methylene group to the ipso position, whereas the latter entails the formation of a five-membered ring by attachment to the ortho position. The behaviour of labelled analogues reveals that these two processes have different site selectivities. Hydrogen atom loss involves a reverse critical energy and is subject to an isotope effect. Surprisingly, attempts to promote the enolisation of ionised acetanilide by proton-transport catalysis were unsuccessful. In a reversal of the usual situation for ionised carbonyl compounds, ionised acetanilide is actually more stable than its enol tautomer. The enol tautomer was resistant to proton-transport catalysed ketonisation to ionised acetanilide, possibly because the favoured geometry of the encounter complex with the base molecule is inappropriate for facilitating tautomerisation.     

Cu(111)面上糠醇加氢生成2-甲基呋喃的反应机理

采用广义梯度近似的密度泛函理论并结合平板模型的方法,详细研究了糠醇在Cu(111)面上反应生成2-甲基呋喃的反应历程,优化了糠醇在Cu(111)面的吸附模型,并采用完全线性同步和二次同步变换的方法,对三种可能的反应机理中的各反应步骤进行了过渡态搜索.结果表明,糠醇主要通过支链上OH与Cu(111)面相互作用,易形成ψCH2和ψCH2O中间体(ψ代表呋喃环).糠醇进一步加氢机理很可能为:引入的氢物种明显降低了糠醇分解形成的中间体ψCH2的活化能,并促进了它的形成;中间体ψCH2更易从糠醇中获得H而生成2-甲基呋喃.该过程的控速步骤为ψCH2O*→ψCHO*+H*,活化能为199.0kJ/mol,总反应是2ψCH2OH=ψCH3+ψCHO+H2O.