PEG接枝氧化石墨烯的制备与细胞成像

通过酯化反应将不同分子量的聚乙二醇（PEG）接枝到氧化石墨烯（GO）表面,得到系列GO-PEG。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对GO-PEG的结构和形貌进行了表征,用热重分析（TGA）测定了GO-PEG中PEG的接枝量。SEM结果表明GO-PEG的剥离程度高于GO。GO-PEG在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中具有良好的分散稳定性,稳定性与接枝量呈正相关。GO-PEG通过非共价键合作用对荧光素（Flu）的负载量可达1.75mg·mg^-1,且负载量受接枝量影响;另外,GO-PEG对Flu的释放行为具有pH值触发药物释放性能。将接枝PEG的端羟基与Flu共价键合,所得GO-PEG₆₀₀₀-Flu荧光探针实现了对HepG₂细胞的成像。     

功能化石墨烯负载冬凌草甲素抗肿瘤制剂的研究

通过改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),利用酰胺化反应将端基为氨基的六臂聚乙二醇(PEG)连到氧化石墨烯表面,改善其水溶性和生物相容性.原子力显微镜(AFM)数据表明所制备的GO-PEG尺寸小于250 nm,稳定性试验证明GO-PEG在水和PBS缓冲液中可以很好地分散.利用制备的GO-PEG作为药物载体,通过物理共混的方法负载疏水性抗肿瘤药物——冬凌草甲素.紫外光谱法测得载药率高达105%,远高于一般其他的药物载体.选择肺癌细胞A549和乳腺癌细胞MCF-7对载药体系的细胞毒性进行了研究,结果表明即使在高达100 mg/L的浓度下培养48 h,载体GO-PEG对两种细胞仍然具有很小的毒性(相对细胞存活率>85%),而通过载体负载后冬凌草甲素的疗效有所增强,对细胞具有更大的杀伤作用.     

聚氨酯接枝多壁碳纳米管的制备及表征

采用两步法成功地将聚氨酯分子链以共价键连接到碳纳米管表面. 首先将聚丙烯酰氯通过与强酸氧化后多壁碳纳米管表面产生的羟基及少量羧基之间的化学反应共价接枝到碳纳米管表面; 然后将接枝到碳纳米管表面的聚丙烯酰氯与端羟基聚氨酯发生酯化反应, 实现了聚氨酯对碳纳米管的表面共价接枝. 采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM) 和热重分析(TGA)等对接枝后的产物进行了表征, 结果表明, 聚氨酯已共价接枝到碳纳米管表面, 被接枝的聚合物的含量接近90%.     

聚乙二醇/功能化石墨烯层状纳米复合材料热稳定性的提高

通过溶液共混技术成功制备了一系列聚乙二醇功能化石墨烯(GO-PEG)填充的聚乙二醇4000(PEG4000)基纳米复合材料.利用红外(FT-IR)、X衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热重(TG)及玻璃化转变温度(Tg)等表征手段详细研究了复合材料的结构和热性能.结果表明:GO-PEG可均匀分散在聚合物基体中,纳米复合材料呈层状结构;组分间的较强界面相互作用协同增强了纳米复合材料的热稳定性能.最终提出了层状纳米复合材料的形成过程及机理.     

四乙烯五胺修饰介孔硅胶吸附CO2性能的研究

采用浸渍法将四乙烯五胺(TEPA)负载到介孔硅胶(SG)上,制备了一系列胺功能化的CO₂吸附材料(TEPA-SG).利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)和N₂吸脱附等分析方法对样品进行了表征,并在固定床反应器中考察了TEPA负载量、吸附温度对CO₂吸附性能的影响,同时通过添加不同质量分数的聚乙二醇(PEG)考察了羟基对吸附性能及再生性能的促进作用.结果表明,当TEPA负载量为40%(质量分数)、吸附温度为70 ℃时,TEPA-SG的吸附量高达2.21 mmol/g;PEG的加入改变了氨基与CO₂的相互作用机理,当TEPA与PEG的质量比为3:1,总负载量为40%时,CO₂的吸附量为2.70 mmol/g,且经过10次吸脱附循环实验后,CO₂吸附量仍保持在2.66 mmol/g,表现出较好的循环稳定性.Clausius-Clapeyron方程计算得该过程的等量吸附热为30~40 kJ/mol,且随吸附量的增大等量吸附热逐渐减小,表明TEPA30/PEG10-SG吸附剂表面存在能量不均匀性.     

聚苯乙烯接枝修饰碳纳米管

本文利用碳纳米管的高比表面性质,使多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)表面吸附大量苯乙烯和过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)后在90℃加热,合成聚苯乙烯(PS)接枝修饰的MWNT。并采用透射电镜(TEM),高倍透射电镜(HR-TEM),场发射扫描电镜(FEW SEM),拉曼光谱(RAMAN),X光电子能谱(XPS),热重(TG)等对功能化后的MWNT进行了分析,证明了确实有大量的PS通过共价键接枝在MWNT表面。     

聚氯乙烯表面共价键合肝素及抗凝血性的研究

采用Ar等离子体引发聚乙二醇(PEG)在聚氯乙烯(PVC)表面固定化,进一步对固定PEG后的PVC进行肝素化处理,以改善PVC材料的抗凝血性能。探讨了PEG浓度对Ar等离子体固定化反应效果的影响。通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和接触角测定研究了固定PEG前后PVC的表面性能和表面形貌的变化。XPS分析证实肝素已成功地共价键合于PVC表面。采用体外凝血时间测定和血小板粘附实验对材料的抗凝血性能进行评价,结果表明,被修饰PVC材料的抗凝血性能显著提高。     

磺化石墨烯/活性炭复合电极的制备及其不对称电容器脱盐

在还原剂NaBH₄存在下, 采用对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐与氧化石墨(GO)表面共价键合制备磺化石墨烯(GP-SO₃H). 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)证明磺酸基团在石墨烯表面接枝. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了磺化石墨烯的表面形貌. 以磺化石墨烯为添加剂, 制备了磺化石墨烯/活性炭(GP-SO₃H/AC)复合电极. 循环伏安及阻抗分析结果表明, 该复合电极的电容特性及导电性有明显改善. 以活性炭电极为对电极组装了不对称电容器(GP-SO₃H/AC|AC), 研究了该不对称电容器的电化学脱盐性能. 与对称电容器(AC|AC)相比, 不对称电容器中由于电极内磺酸基团对反离子的屏蔽作用, 电容器的电流效率达到89.4%以上, 脱盐量提高2.4倍, 单个循环脱盐量达到10.87 mg/g.     

氧化石墨烯与Si-P低聚物在环氧树脂中的协同阻燃作用

采用Hummers方法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO),并通过扫描电镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对GO微观形貌进行了表征.详细研究了GO与硅磷低聚物(DMS-DOPO)在环氧树脂(EP)力学性能和阻燃性能中的协同作用.万能材料试验测试结果表明,GO和DMS-DOPO分别对拉伸强度和断裂伸长率提高效果明显,二者协同后,可使EP拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别提高17.1%和42.2%.采用热重分析(TG)、极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL-94)、锥型量热(CONE)和SEM对EP及其阻燃材料的热性能、燃烧性能以及炭层微观形貌进行了表征.EP/DMS-DOPO/GO在600℃残留量为EP的5.2倍,比EP/DMS-DOPO和EP/GO分别提高4.4%和208.6%.EP/DMS-DOPO/GO的LOI值大于30,并能通过UL-94 V-0级别,燃烧过程中可形成内部结构疏松多孔、外表面致密的膨胀炭层.DMS-DOPO和GO协同后使EP热释放速率峰值由1154 k W·m-2降低到710 k W·m-2,总烟释放量降低30%.     

接枝共聚法制备聚乙二醇(PEG)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)高分子固-固相变材料性能研究

用接枝共聚法将具有相变特征的聚乙二醇(PEG)接枝到具有较高熔点的聚乙烯醇(PVA)主链上,得到了系列性能稳定的PEG/PVA高分子固-固相转变材料,用DSC,WAXD和POM对其相变行为及形态结构进行了研究.结果表明,该材料呈现出可逆的固-固相转变特性;其结晶峰值温度和相变焓比纯PEG低,接枝率对相变温度和归一化相变焓影响不大;接枝率只影响结晶与熔融行为,不影响结晶结构.     

In‐Situ covalent synthesis of gold nanorods on GO surface as ultrasensitive Raman probe

In this paper, using thiolated graphene oxide (GO‐O‐SH) as substrate, gold nanorods (AuNRs) covalently linked to the GO surface by in‐situ seed growth method were first reported. The as‐prepared composites were characterized by UV–vis spectrum, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). Experimental results indicated that the introduction of short flexible organic chain between GO and AuNRs contributed to the homogenous synthesis of gold rods, and uniform gold nanorods with aspect ratio within 3~8 were covalently linked to the surface of GO with high stability and yield. The strategy represented an outstanding improvement in comparison to the traditional route for fabricating GO@AuNRs composites. Furthermore, based on coupling of the two nanomaterials, the composites could act as high sensitive Raman probe with limit of detection (LOD) reaching 1 × 10^?12 M.     

Fluorescent Aptamer-Polyethylene Glycol Functionalized Graphene Oxide Biosensor for Profenofos Detection in Food

A biosensor based on self-assembled ssDNA(aptamer) and polyethylene glycol functionalized graphene oxide(GO-PEG) has been designed for sensing profenofos in food. The sensor has employed the fluorescence "on/off" switching strategy in a single step in homogeneous solution. Compared to traditional detection methods, the strategy proposed here is simple, convenient, fast and sensitive. Furthermore, compared with the general aptamer-GO structure, this aptamer-GO-PEG structure is in possession of a better detection performance, which is largely attributed to the improvement of the biocompatibility and the adjustment of the adsorption capacity of GO by grafting the blocking agent PEG onto the surface of GO. Additionally, the improved biocompatibility of GO shows better stability in salt solutions and physiological solutions, which is more conducive to its practical application in foods. In this project, profenofos had been detected with the proposed strategy, and the limit of detection has been controlled to be 0.21 ng/mL. This aptasensing assay has been applied to determining profenofos in (spiked)tap water, cabbage and milk with the recovery values ranging from 93.1% to 108.5%, from 90.8% to 113.2% and from 105.9% to 114.2%, respectively.     

Synthesis and Th(IV) sorption characteristics of functionalised graphene oxide

A functionalised graphene oxide (FGO) adsorbent was prepared via the γ-radiation-induced grafting of epichlorohydrin (ECH) onto graphene oxide (GO). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that ECH was successfully introduced to the GO surface. The grafting yield of ECH increased with an increase of the irradiation dose and with a decrease of the irradiation dose rate. The sorption kinetics of Th(IV) on GO and FGO followed the pseudo-second-order model and the sorption isotherms can be described by the Langmuir model. The maximum sorption capacities of GO and FGO for Th(IV) are approximately 5.80 × 10^?4 and 2.88 × 10^?5 mol/L, respectively. GOs is considered as a kind of materials with high radiation resistance and large sorption capacities, ranking it has high potential industrial applications even under strong radiation environment. In addition, the amount of the oxygen-containing functional groups C=O and O=C–O in FGO decrease with the increase of the irradiation dose, which suggests that C=O and O=C–O contribute more than C–O to the sorption of Th(IV) onto GO and FGO.     

Online Detection of Ropivacaine in Drip Bags Using Polypyrrole/graphene Oxide Materials

A novel method of measuring the concentration of the local anesthetic ropivacaine drip bags used in hospi‐ tals was developed using electrochemical impedance technique. Polypyrrole (Ppy)/graphene oxide (GO) composites were prepared by electrochemically polymerization over Au electrodes, which served as working electrodes. The Ppy/GO composite electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Various concentrations of ropivacaine (0.1–20 ppm) were prepared in a sample drip bag solution of 0.9 % NaCl from hostpital. The composite Ppy/1 % GO electrode exhibited strongest linearity (R²=0.960) than the Ppy electrode (R²=0.928) at a frequency of 100 kHz. The detection limits of ropivacaine on Ppy and Ppy/1 % GO were calculated as 0.11 ppm and 0.08 ppm, respectively. The proposed system yielded response and recovery times under 1 sec detecting 0.1 ppm (100 g/L) of ropivacaine; thus, the proposed online method is promising for measuring ropivacaine concentrations in drip bags. Molecular simulations and equivalent circuits were applied to explain the dynamic behavior of ropivacaine detection system using Ppy and Ppy/GO materials.     

碳纳米管/氧化石墨烯/硫复合正极材料的制备及其电化学性能

以碳纳米管和氧化石墨烯(CNTs/GO)为主体材料, 通过化学还原法制备了CNTs/GO 负载硫的复合正极材料CNTs/GO/S. 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)测试表明, CNTs 均匀插层在GO片间, 从而形成三维多孔结构, 有利于电解液的浸润; 活性物质硫均匀地负载在CNTs/GO 表面. 电化学测试表明,CNTs/GO/S复合材料具有高的比容量和良好的循环稳定性: 在1C倍率电流密度下, 复合材料首次放电比容量高达904 mAh·g^-1, 经过50圈循环之后, 复合材料的比容量仍保持在578 mAh·g^-1.     

First-Row Transition-Metal Cations (Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Fe2+) and Graphene (Oxide) Composites: From Structural Properties to Electrochemical Applications

Composites of graphene (oxide) (GO) and first-row transition-metal cations (Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Mn²⁺, Fe²⁺) are prepared by mixing GO and aqueous metal salt solutions. The amount of metal cation bound to GO nanosheets is calculated by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the possible binding sites of the metals are investigated by means of attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. Electrodes loaded with the metal/GO composites are prepared by a simple drop-casting technique without any binders or conductive additives. The effect of electrochemical reduction on the structure of the composite electrodes is investigated by Raman spectroscopy, XPS, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). A detailed electrochemical characterization is performed for the utilization of the composite electrodes for electrochemical capacitors and possible oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating disk electrode measurements. The highest areal capacitance is achieved with the as-deposited Fe/GO composite (38.7 mF cm⁻² at 20 mV s⁻¹). In the cyclic stability measurements, rCo/GO, rNi/GO, rMn/GO, and rFe/GO exhibit a capacitance retention of 44, 1.1, 73, and 87 % after 3000 cycles of CV at 100 mV s⁻¹, respectively.     

氧化石墨烯功能化三聚氰胺-甲醛气凝胶涂层固相微萃取管的制备及其应用北大核心CSCD

因具有良好的萃取性能,有机气凝胶已被应用于样品前处理领域,为了进一步改善其对多环芳烃类污染物的萃取能力,利用氧化石墨烯对三聚氰胺-甲醛气凝胶进行改性,制备了一种氧化石墨烯功能化三聚氰胺-甲醛气凝胶,将其作为萃取涂层涂覆到不锈钢丝表面,通过扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱对萃取涂层进行表征,结果表明氧化石墨烯并未破坏气凝胶的三维网络多孔结构。将4根气凝胶涂覆的不锈钢丝装进一根长度30 cm、内径0.75 mm的聚醚醚酮管内,制备了一种新型的纤维填充型固相微萃取管。将萃取管与高效液相色谱联用,构建管内固相微萃取-液相色谱在线富集分析系统。以8种多环芳烃(萘(Nap)、苊烯(Acy)、苊(Ace)、芴(Flu)、菲(Phe)、蒽(Ant)、荧蒽(Fla)和芘(Pyr))作为模型分析物,评价了萃取管的萃取性能,考察了氧化石墨烯对气凝胶萃取性能的改善,结果表明萃取效率被提升至最高2.5倍。详细考察了样品体积、样品流速、样品中有机溶剂浓度以及脱附时间对于萃取效率的影响,并建立了管内固相微萃取-液相色谱在线分析方法。该法对8种多环芳烃分析物的检出限为0.001~0.005μg/L,萘、苊烯、苊、芴的线性范围为0.017~20.0μg/L,菲、蒽的线性范围为0.010~20.0μg/L,荧蒽和芘的线性范围为0.003~15.0μg/L,精密度良好(日内重复性RSD≤4.8%,日间重复性RSD≤8.6%)。研究所发展的分析方法比已报道的某些分析方法具有更好的灵敏度、更宽的线性范围和更短的分析时间,并具有在线富集和在线分析的独特优点。将该分析方法应用于常见饮用水(包括瓶装矿泉水和饮水机的直饮水)中多环芳烃的分析检测,加标回收率试验结果(76.3%~132.8%)表明该分析方法能够高灵敏、快速、准确地检测饮用水中痕量多环芳烃污染物。经过稳定性考察,发现研究所制备的固相微萃取管在实验过程中表现出良好的使用寿命和化学稳定性。     

Electroanalytical Determination of Paracetamol Using Pd Nanoparticles Deposited on Carboxylated Graphene Oxide Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

The study presents a novel paracetamol (PA) sensor based on Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) deposited on carboxylated graphene oxide (GO?COOH) and nafion (Nf) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The morphologies of the as prepared composites were characterized using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The experimental results demonstrated that Nf/GO?COOPd displayed excellent electrocatalytic response to the oxidation PA. The linear range was 0.04–800 μM for PA with limit of detection of 0.012 μM and excellent sensitivity of 232.89 μA mM^?1 cm^?2. By considering the excellent performance of Nf/GO?COOPd composite such as wider linear range, lower detection, better selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and storage stability, the prepared composite, especially GO?COOH support, with satisfactory electrocatalytic properties was a promising material for the modification of electrode material in electrochemical sensor and biosensor field.     

Preparation of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)‐g‐Methacrylamide Copolymers Initiated by Azobisizobutyronitrile: Characterization and Investigation of Some Properties

Poly(ethylene terephthalate)‐g‐methacrylamide (PET‐g‐MAAm) copolymer was prepared by graft copolymerization in organic solvent/water mixtures by using azobisizobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. The highest graft yield was obtained in 20/80 (v/v) acetonitrile/water mixture as 30.0%. The effect of polymerization parameters such as the ratio of solvent/water mixture, concentrations of initiator and monomer, temperature and time on the graft yield was studied. The moisture regain of the PET fiber increased with grafting from 0.42% to 3.01%. Thermogravimetric data showed that the thermal stability of PET fibers decreased with grafting and 85% of total weight of 29.7% grafted fiber was lost at 500°C. On the other hand, fiber density decreased with increasing graft yield. At SEM micrographs, the layers oriented in the direction of fiber length were observed on the surface of PET fiber as a result of grafting.