一锅法合成甲基丙烯酰基封端的PLA-PEG-PLA大分子单体

以辛酸亚锡[Sn(Oct)2]为催化剂、聚乙二醇为引发剂引发丙交酯开环聚合,用水终止反应后再加入甲基丙烯酸酐反应即可得到甲基丙烯酰基封端的PLA-PEG-PLA大分子单体。上述两步反应可一锅进行,操作简便、收率高。采用GPC、FTIR、^1H-NMR、TG、XRD等分析手段表征了大分子单体的结构和性质。所得大分子单体的水溶液在光引发剂存在下,能被UV引发光聚合形成水凝胶。该水凝胶作为可降解生物材料可用于药物控释栽体和组织工程支架。     

支化PEG-b-PCL嵌段共聚合物的合成

以聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯(PEGMA)为大分子引发剂进行ε-己内酯的酶催化开环聚合, 合成出嵌段共聚物, 然后将其转化成大分子引发剂型单体(Macroinimer), 最后通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)制备出一种新型结构的嵌段型支化聚合物.     

面向本科生教学的开环聚合内容拓展

开环聚合作为与缩聚、加聚并列的第三大类聚合反应,具有如下特点：基于环状单体的特殊性,开环聚合反应无副产物生成;聚合物组成与单体的元素组成相同,即具有100%的原子利用率;大部分开环聚合反应具有连锁反应特征,链增长速度快;形成的聚合物链中含有杂原子,所得材料具有降解可控性。本文总结了近年来在开环聚合研究上的一些进展,如γ-丁内酯的成功开环聚合、活性开环聚合、易位开环聚合等,为本科生《高分子化学》课程中的“开环聚合”一章内容的有益补充。通过提供额外的一些参考文献来拓展本科生对前沿知识的了解,开阔优秀本科生的国际学术视野。     

基于光聚合星型PEG-b-PCL大分子单体可生物降解水凝胶的合成及表征

以辛酸亚锡为催化剂 ,通过星型聚乙二醇 (PEG)引发ε 己内酯 (CL)开环聚合 ,制备了PEG b PCL嵌段共聚物 ,进一步以丙烯酸酯封端 ,合成了 3种水溶性大分子单体 .以 2 ,2 二甲氧基 2 苯基苯乙酮为引发剂 ,在紫外光作用下 ,大分子单体在水中由于胶束的形成能够迅速聚合形成水凝胶 .利用1 H NMR、FTIR、DSC、TGA、ESEM、凝胶含量、溶胀比等分析测试手段对大分子单体及其形成的水凝胶进行了表征 .结果表明 ,干胶迅速吸水而达到溶胀平衡 ,水凝胶具有较大的溶胀比和高的水含量 ;随着PEG臂数的增加 ,干胶的熔融峰顶温度下降 ,凝胶的溶胀比减小 ;ESEM图片上清晰地表明水凝胶的网络结构     

载体化络合催化开环歧化聚合合成梳形接枝共聚物研究

由环戊二烯（CPD）及烯丙基氯（AC）经聚合物支载三氟化硼催化的Diels-Alder反应合成了5-氯甲基-2-降冰片烯（NB-CH2Cl),锂代后用以引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）及苯乙烯（S）的活性阴离子聚合,合成了带聚合物取代基的降冰片烯大分子单体NB-PMMA及NB-PS。在聚合物支载钌卡宾络合物催化作用下进行所合成大分子单体的开环歧化聚合反应（ROMP）,合成了二种接枝于开环歧化聚降冰片烯（PNB）主链的梳形接技共聚物PNB-g-PMMA及PNB-g-PS。实验结果表明所研制聚合物支载硼、钌络合物催化性能明显优于对应非支载活性种。     

5,6-苯并-2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧环庚烷的活性自由基开环聚合反应

活性 (或称可控 )自由基聚合研究是目前高分子科学的研究热点之一[1～ 8] .活性自由基聚合制备的聚合物具有分子量随转化率提高而线性增加、分子量分布窄和聚合反应为一级反应动力学等特点 .自由基开环聚合所得产物体积收缩小 ,某些含有不饱和双键的螺环单体发生双开环聚合时甚至发生体积膨胀 ;开环聚合还可在聚合物主链上引入各种官能团 ,如酯基、碳酸酯基、酮基等 [9～ 12 ] .因此 ,用活性聚合的方法对自由基开环聚合的分子量和分子量分布进行控制 ,可以制备出具有各种不同结构和性能的新聚合物 . Wei等 [13] 报道了利用稳定自由基法实现…     

新型PLA-PVP两亲性交联共聚物的初步研究

先以聚乙二醇(PEG)为中心嵌段,经消旋-丙交酯(D,L—LA)开环扩链,进而用丙烯酸酯封端制备了可生物降解交联剂。然后以辛酸亚锡为催化剂、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)为共引发剂引发D,L—LA开环聚合,制备了末端双键功能化的大分子单体(PLA-HEMA)。最后以可降解交联剂、大分子单体和N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)为原料,采用自由基聚合方法合成了新型可生物降解两亲性交联共聚物,并对其亲水性和力学性能进行了研究。     

环状碳酸酯低聚物的合成及其开环聚合的研究

环状碳酸酯低聚物的合成及其开环聚合的研究陈雨萍魏玮李革（中国科学院化学研究所工程塑料国家重点实验室北京１０００８０）关键词环状碳酸酯低聚物，聚碳酸酯，开环聚合环状单体的开环聚合在合成高聚物方面具有突出的优点，即在聚合过程中没有副产物、热效应低、聚合...     

可控自由基聚合与其它活性聚合方法结合制备嵌段共聚物

可控自由基聚合与其它聚合方法结合,可以制备多种类型的嵌段共聚物,因此得到了广泛关注。本文着重介绍可控自由基聚合与离子开环聚合、阴离子聚合、烯类单体的阳离子聚合及其它活性聚合方法结合制备嵌段共聚物的研究现状和进展。     

一氯代八甲基环四硅氧烷阳离子聚合动力学

合成了八甲基环四硅氧烷的一氯取代物,并以其为单体,98%浓硫酸为催化剂,采用称重法研究了一氯代八甲基环四硅氧烷阳离子开环的本体聚合动力学,探讨了温度,催化剂浓度对其聚合速率常数的影响.研究表明:温度,催化剂浓度对一氯代八甲基环四硅氧烷的聚合速率有显著影响,其聚合活化能是40.37kJ.mol-1;与八甲基环四硅氧烷阳离子开环聚合相比,氯代甲基使硅氧烷的开环聚合速率减慢,聚合活化能升高.     

Surfactant Mediated Cationic and Anionic Suspension Polymerization of PEG-Based Resins in Silicon Oil: Beaded SPOCC 1500 and POEPOP 1500

A novel surfactant has been synthesized for use in cationic and anionic ring-opening suspension polymerization of PEG-based macromonomers in silicon oil. A polymer of acrylate esters containing pentamethyldisiloxane and PEG was prepared by radical polymerization. The surfactant can stabilize an emulsion of PEG-based macromonomers, initiator, and solvent in silicon oil such that polymer beads are obtained by ring-opening polymerization, initiated either by a Lewis acid (cationic ring opening) or potassium tert-butoxide (anionic ring opening). The average bead size could be controlled by varying the stirring rate and the amount of surfactant and solvent. The surfactant does not interfere with the polymerization and can be removed together with residual silicon oil by a simple washing procedure.     

Synthesis of well-defined norbornenyl-terminated poly(alkyl methacrylate)s by group transfer polymerization and their grafting-through ring-opening metathesis polymerization

Highly efficient syntheses of poly(alkyl methacrylate)-based brush polymers were accomplished via a facile group transfer polymerization (GTP) and a consecutive grafting-through ring-opening metathesis polymerization. The GTP system, composed of the norbornenyl-methyl trimethylsilyl ketene acetal initiator and the N-(trimethylsilyl) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide catalyst, rapidly and quantitatively generates norbornenyl-terminated poly(alkyl methacrylate) macromonomers with very narrow polydispersities (M_w/M_n < 1.10). The ring-opening metathesis polymerization of methacrylate macromonomers using Grubbs third generation catalyst successfully generated a group of methacrylate-based brush polymers, which assured the high quality of the macromonomers obtained from GTP.     

Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of comb polymers

The paper describes the synthesis and characterization of comb polymers by a two-step chemo-enzymatic process. In the first step macromonomers bearing unsaturation at the chain end were prepared by lipase catalyzed ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) and 1,5-dioxepane-2-one (DXO). The ROP was carried out in bulk at 60 °C under anhydrous conditions using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as the initiator. The DP of the macromonomers was controlled by regulating the monomer: HEMA molar feed concentration. The macromonomers were then homo- or co-polymerized in the second step with alkyl methacrylate monomers (methyl methacrylate or HEMA) using AIBN initiated free radical polymerization. Characterization of the polymers was done by ¹H NMR, SEC and DSC techniques.     

Divergent strategy for the synthesis of bottlebrush polymers via postpolymerization modification of macromonomer

A simple and divergent synthetic strategy of bottlebrush polymers (BBPs) is presented, consisting of postpolymerization modification of a macromonomer and grafting-through polymerization. Beginning with a single macromonomer, its direct modification could build a library of macromonomers with an identical chain length, thus guaranteeing the precision in the synthesis of BBPs. In this study, a newly designed norbornenyl-terminated poly(methyl acrylate) (NB-PMA) is proposed as a chemically robust template. Ti-mediated transesterification of NB-PMA successfully produces structurally diverse polyacrylates while maintaining the terminal norbornenyl group intact. All macromonomers obtained from transesterification possess a good grafting-through ring-opening metathesis polymerization reactivity, furnishing homo, random, and block BBPs in a controllable manner. Moreover, atomic force microscopy analysis supports the controlled side-chain length distribution in the resulting BBPs.     

Synthesis and polymerization of oligo(oxyethylene) macromonomer bearing sodium sulfonate

Oligo(oxyethylene) macromonomers bearing sodium sulfonate group have been synthesized through four reactions: (1) ring-opening polymerization of oxirane, (2) etherification of monomethoxyl oligo(oxyethylene) and epichlorohydrin, (3) sulfonation of cycloxyl compound, and (4) end-capping of sodium oligo(oxyethylene) sulfonate by methacrylic group. A desired length of oligo(oxyethylene) in the macromonomers can easily be achieved by controlling the ratio of reactants in the ring-opening step. The structures of the products of each reaction were identified by IR, ¹H-NMR, and GPC. Polymers of the monomers were also characterized by GPC and DSC. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

When convergent syntheses of graft block copolymers diverge: The treachery of chemical images

A synthetic strategy to produce graft block copolymers (BCPs) with controlled grafting densities using both grafting-through and grafting-from methods is reported. For grafting-through, poly(4-methylcaprolactone-block-d ,l -lactide) macromonomers were synthesized with a polymerizable maleimide end group. These macromonomers were copolymerized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization with styrene and various amounts of N-ethylmaleimide to control grafting density. A kinetic study showed that the macromonomers (>10 kDa) polymerized at the same rate as N-ethylmaleimide under RAFT conditions, suggesting that uniform grafting density could be achieved. However, incorporating more than 5–10 grafts per chain was found to be challenging and potentially limited by kinetics. A higher number of grafts per chain with controlled densities was achieved using a grafting-from technique. Macroinitiators of styrene, N-ethylmaleimide, and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)maleimide were copolymerized with a fixed density of grafting sites. Subsequently, BCPs were grown off of the macroinitiator using ring-opening transesterification polymerization (ROTEP). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 3097–3104     

Synthesis of isocyanate-based brush block copolymers and their rapid self-assembly to infrared-reflecting photonic crystals

The synthesis of rigid-rod, helical isocyanate-based macromonomers was achieved through the polymerization of hexyl isocyanate and 4-phenylbutyl isocyanate, initiated by an exo-norbornene functionalized half-titanocene complex. Sequential ruthenium-mediated ring-opening metathesis polymerization of these macromonomers readily afforded well-defined brush block copolymers, with precisely tunable molecular weights ranging from high (1512 kDa) to ultrahigh (7119 kDa), while maintaining narrow molecular weight distributions (PDI = 1.08-1.39). The self-assembly of these brush block copolymers to solid thin-films and their photonic properties were investigated. Due to the rigid architecture of these novel polymeric materials, they rapidly self-assemble through simple controlled evaporation to photonic crystal materials that reflect light from the ultra-violet, through the visible, to the near-infrared. The wavelength of reflectance is linearly related to the brush block copolymer molecular weight, allowing for predictable tuning of the band gap through synthetic control of the polymer molecular weight. A combination of scanning electron microscopy and optical modeling was employed to explain the origin of reflectivity.     

Ceiling Degree of Polymerization for Brush Polymers Prepared via ROMP of Poly(tert-Butyl Acrylate) Macromonomers

Controlled preparation of brush polymers is important in the design of functional materials. In this study, poly(tert-butyl acrylate) macromonomers functionalized with norbornenyl end group(NB-PtBA) were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization in three different molecular weights, 2000(NB-PtBA-2k), 3000(NB-PtBA-3k), and 8000(NB-PtBA-8k). Additionally, brush polymers with PtBA as side chains were synthesized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization(ROMP). Kinetic studies on ROMP of NB-PtBA showed that there was a ceiling degree of polymerization(CDP) for the brush polymers, beyond which the polymerization of NB-PtBA was out of control. For brush polymers of P[NB-PtBA-2k] and P[NB-PtBA-3k], CDPs were estimated to be ca. 400, but the value of P[NB-PtBA-8k] was ca. 100. Therefore, the controlled ROMP of brush polymers was critical at the CDP limit with increased macromonomer molecular weight.     

Photopolymerization of enzymatically synthesized methacrylated poly(caprolactone) with poly(ethylene glycol) macromonomer

Polycaprolactone (PCL) based α,ω-methacrylated macromonomer (DMPCL) was synthesized via enzymatic ring-opening polymerization (eROP) by using Novozyme 435 as the enzyme immobilized catalyst. DMPCL was further photopolymerized with monofunctional poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA-950) macromonomer and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) as tri-functionalized crosslinking agent in glass vials when CHCl₃ was the solvent and Irgacure 819 was the photoinitiator. Ultraviolet (UV) Light Emitting Diode (LED) bulbs enabled photoinduced reactions at room temperature with low heat generation and high reaction efficiency. The obtained gels were characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). DMPCL participated as an effective crosslinking agent in the photopolymerization of PEGMA-950. Combined usage of DMPCL and PEGMA-950 resulted in significantly more effective polymerization than the separate photopolymerizations of these macromonomers.     

Synthesis of α-norbornenyl polystyrene macromonomers and their ring-opening metathesis polymerization

Polystyrene macromonomers, fitted with a norbornenyl unsaturation in α position, have been obtained from a norbornene based carbanionic initiator that has been purposely designed to this end. The advantages of this synthetic scheme over that based on the deactivation of living PS chains are emphasized. One of the macromonomers prepared has been subsequently polymerized by ring-opening metathesis, using a Schrock complex as initiator. The characterization of the resulting polymacromonomers showed that the metathesis process occurred under “living” conditions.