Ni添加对0.4Zr0.1V1.1Mn0.5Cr0.1合金的相结构和电化学性能的影响

本文通过XRD、SEM、EDS研究了Ti_0.4Zr_0.1V_1.1Mn_0.5Cr_0.1Ni_x(x=0，0.2，0.4，0.6，0.8)合金的相结构和电化学性能。该合金系由BCC结构的V基固溶体主相和六方结构的C14 Laves第二相组成，Ni能够促进第二相的生成，Ni含量的增加导致了各相中的化学组成和晶格参数的变化，并通过电化学方法研究了Ni含量对_0.4Zr_0.1V_1.1Mn_0.5Cr_0.1合金电极的最大放电容量、自放电性能、高倍率放电性能、循环稳定性能等的影响。     

硼的添加对Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33贮氢合金结构和电化学性能的影响

Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33Bx(x=0~0.10)系列合金均有V基固溶体相和C14型Laves相两相组成。添加B可提高Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33合金的放电容量,Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33B0.1合金电极在60 mA·g-1电流放电时的放电容量达到476.7 mAh·g-1。B的添加不同程度地降低了合金的高倍率放电性能,使合金电极表面上电化学反应的电荷转移电阻(R ct)显著增加,交换电流密度(I0)显著降低。添加B可显著改善Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33合金电极的高温放电性能,Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33B0.025合金电极在343 K高温下其放电容量达到525.6 mAh·g-1。     

添加元素对AB2型Laves相合金电化学性能的影响

比较系统地研究了AB2型Laves相合金Zr0.9Ti0.1Ni0.1Mn0.7V0.3M0．1(M=None，Ni．Mn．V．Co．Cr．Al．Fe，Mo．Si．C．Zn，Cu和B)的相结构和电化学性能以及高温和低温放电性能等．结果表明．14种合金均具有六方C14型Laves相的主相晶体结构．同时，含有少量立方Cl5型Laves相和一些由Zr9Ni11及ZrNi组成的非Laves相；添加V和Mn可提高AB2合金的放电容量；添加B和Mn则显著提高了AB2合金的高倍率放电性能和低温放电容量；添加Al，C．Si和Co对合金电极的循环稳定性改善明显；而Mn．Ni．V．Fe．Cu．Mo和B等却不同程度地降低了循环稳定性；添加Si．Mo，V，Cr和Al可明显改善合金电极的自放电性能；添加Si．Cr．V可显著改善AB2合金电极的高温放电性能．讨论了各种添加元素影响合金性能的可能原因．     

稀土元素取代对Ti_(0.26)Zr_(0.07)V_(0.24)Mn_(0.1)Ni_(0.33)贮氢合金结构和电化学性能的影响

研究了5种稀土元素部分取代V对Ti0.26Zr0.07V0..24Mn0.1Ni0.33合金的微观结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33和Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24-xMn0.1Ni0.33REx(x=0.005;RE=La,Ce,Nd,Ho,Y)均由体心立方结构的钒基固溶体相和六方结构的C14 Laves相组成。在合金中加入稀土元素,会使合金中两相的晶胞体积同时增大。稀土元素部分取代V均改善了合金电极的活化性能。La和Nd元素取代后,合金电极的最大放电容量明显增加,而Ce的取代提高了合金电极的循环稳定性。Ce,Nd,Ho,Y均改善了合金电极的倍率放电性能。合金电极在高温状态下表现出了良好的放电性能,其中Nd在333 K时放电容量可达550.4 mAh·g-1。稀土元素对荷电保持率的影响各异。     

V2.1TiNi0.4Zrx(x=0～0.06)储氢电极合金的相结构及电化学性能*

系统研究了V2.1TiNi0.4Zrx(x=0耀0.06)储氢电极合金的相结构及电化学性能. 相结构分析表明, 所有合金均由体心立方(bcc)结构的V 基固溶体主相和第二相组成, 且第二相沿主相晶界形成三维网状分布;其中, 当Zr 含量x 臆0.02时合金的第二相为TiNi基相, 而当Zr含量x达0.04时, 其第二相变为C14型Laves相, 且主相和第二相的晶胞体积均随着x 的增加而增大.电化学性能测试表明, 添加Zr 元素可以改善合金的活化性能和提高最大放电容量; 同时, 随着Zr 含量x 的增大, 合金的高倍率放电性能得到明显提高, 但充放电循环稳定性逐渐降低. 在所研究的合金样品中, V2.1TiNi0.4Zr0.04合金具有相对较好的综合性能.     

稀土对Ti-Zr-V-Cr-Ni合金微观结构和电化学性能的影响

研究了稀土对Ti0.17Zr0.08V0.35Cr0.1Ni0.3合金的微观结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,Ti0.17Zr0.08V0.35Cr0.1Ni0.3和Ti0.17Zr0.08V0.35Cr0.1Ni0.3RE0.05(RE分别代表La,Ce,Pr,Nd和混合稀土)合金均由主相为体心立方结构的钒基固溶体相和少量六方结构的C14 Laves相组成;在合金中加入稀土元素,同时增大合金中两相的晶胞体积。镧和其他金属元素结合形成新相分布于合金中。添加稀土元素可以改善合金电极的活化性能。镧的添加降低了合金电极在60 mA.g-1下的最大放电容量,但对其理论放电容量几乎没有影响;合金的放电容量对温度的变化比较敏感,过高的温度使其容量发生衰减,含稀土元素的合金电极在323 K温度下放电容量达到最大值。稀土对合金电极的荷电保持率产生不利影响,镧、钕和混合稀土的添加能够改善合金电极的倍率放电性能。     

Ti基准晶复相材料电极的电化学储氢性能

通过电弧熔炼和铜辊急冷技术分别制得Ti1.4V0.6Ni准晶材料和V5Ti9Zr26.2Ni38Cr3.5Co1.5Mn15.6Al0.4Sn0.8（VTZN）合金材料,再用球磨法得到Ti1.4V0.6Ni+20%(质量分数)VTZN的复相材料,研究了该复相材料的组织和电化学储氢特性。 结果表明,复相材料的相组成包括正二十面体准晶相（I-phase）、面心立方相（FCC）和体心立方相（BCC）。 复相材料作为镍氢电池负极,在303 K和放电电流密度为30 mA/g条件下,最大放电容量可达310 mA·h/g,放电性能优于Ti1.4V0.6Ni合金负极。     

稀土元素对Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33贮氢合金微观结构和电化学性能的影响

本文研究了稀土元素对Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33合金的微观结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24-xMn0.10Ni0.33REx(RE=Ce,Nd,Gd;x=0.01)合金均有V基固溶体相和C14型Laves相两相组成。合金中两相的晶格参数随加入稀土元素的不同而发生变化。稀土元素部分取代可改善合金电极的活化性能。然而,对合金电极的其他性能影响因元素种类不同而各异。Ce取代增大了合金电极的最大放电容量,Nd元素可以有效改善合金的高倍率放电性能。工作温度对合金电极的放电容量影响较大,Nd和Gd在333 K最大放电容量可达426和465 mAh.g-1。过高的温度使其循环容量衰减加剧。     

V2.1TiNi0.4Zr0.06Cu0.03M0.10 (M=Cr,Co, Fe,Nb, Ta)储氢合金的微结构及电化学性能

采用磁悬浮感应熔炼方法制备了V2.1TiNi0.4Zr0.06Cu0.03M0.10(M=Cr, Co, Fe, Nb, Ta)储氢电极合金, 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子衍射能谱(EDS)分析和电化学测试等手段系统研究了添加元素M对合金微结构与电化学性能的影响. 结果表明, 所有合金均由BCC结构的V基固溶体主相和C14型Laves第二相组成, 且第二相沿主相晶界形成三维网状分布; Cr、Nb 和Ta元素主要分布在合金主相中, 而Co和Fe元素主要分布在第二相中. 电化学性能测试表明, 在V2.1TiNi0.4Zr0.06Cu0.03合金中掺加Cr、Co、Fe、Nb或Ta元素后, 虽然会降低最大放电容量, 但能有效抑制合金中V和Ti的腐蚀溶出, 提高电极充放电循环稳定性; 同时还能明显改善合金的高倍率放电性能. 相比之下, V2.1TiNi0.4Zr0.06Cu0.03Cr0.10合金具有最佳的综合电化学性能.     

添加稀土元素对Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33储氢合金微观结构和电化学性能的影响

研究了添加5种稀土元素对Ti0．26Zr0．07V0．24Mn0．1Ni0．33合金的微观结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,Ti0．26Zr0．07V0．24Mn0．1Ni0．33和Ti0．26Zr0．07V0．24Mn0．1Ni0．33RE0.01（RE=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Gd）合金均由体心立方结构的BCC主相和少量六方结构的C14型Laves相组成;在合金中加入稀土元素,会使合金中两相的晶胞体积同时增大。添加5种稀土元素都可以改善合金电极的活化性能,而对合金电极其他性能的影响则各有不同,其中添加铈和镨可以提高合金电极的最大放电容量,而添加钕和钆能改善合金电极的循环稳定性。工作温度对合金电极的放电容量影响较大,过高的温度使其循环容量衰减加剧;而含稀土元素的合金电极在333K温度下放电容量达到最大值。稀土对合金电极的荷电保持率产生一定影响;镧、铈、镨的添加能够改善合金电极的倍率放电性能。     

Ce0.1+xTi0.5-xAl0.2Y0.1La0.1O1.8材料的制备及在三效催化剂中的应用

采用共沉淀法制备了Ce0.1+xTi0.5-xAl0.2Y0.1La0.1O1.8(0≤x≤0.4)材料, 并对所制备的材料进行了X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)的表征, 测定了材料的比表面积(BET法)和储氧量(OSC), 同时采用氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)研究了材料的还原性能和表面酸性. 研究结果表明, Ce/Ti摩尔比大于1∶2的材料能形成立方萤石结构的固溶体, Ce/Ti摩尔比为1时, 材料表面Ce4+/Ce3+摩尔比达到最大; 随着Ce/Ti摩尔比的增大, 材料的储氧能力先增大后减小, 而TPR还原峰温则是先减小后增大, 当Ce/Ti摩尔比为1时, 材料的储氧量达到最大, 为660 μmol/g; 还原峰峰温最低, 为616 ℃. 以制备的材料为载体制备了一系列Pt/Ce0.1+xTi0.5-xAl0.2Y0.1La0.1O1.8三效催化剂, 并对催化剂进行了活性评价. 活性测试结果表明, 以Ce/Ti比为1的载体材料制成的催化剂对C3H8, CO和NO的起燃温度分别为236, 147和228 ℃, 表现出了优异的温度特性.     

Surface modification of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 with conducting polypyrrole

A facile method for the surface modification of high-voltage and high-temperature LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ cathode materials is demonstrated. In order to prepare polypyrrole (PPy) coating LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ material, the facile chemical polymerization method uses Fe(III) tosylate as oxidant and ethanol as solvent to avoid the side reaction with solvent. TEM depicts that LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ serves as hard template and the nanoscale PPy layer grows along the surface of LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ during the synthesis process. Because of flocculent and nanofiber coating layer, much improved rate performance, high temperature cycling, as well as high voltage performance are obtained. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) results demonstrate that the PPy coating layer effectively alleviates the side reactions between liquid electrolytes and LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ surface that are highly unstable at high temperature and high charge voltage.     

Improvement of electrochemical performance of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode material via Li2.09W0.9Nb0.1O4 Li-ion conductive coating layer

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Recently, niobium tungsten oxide has garnered considerable attention owing to its excellent Li-ion diffusion rate and prominent structural stability during...     

BaCe0.8Zro.1La0.1O3-α陶瓷的制备和电性能研究

以高温固相反应法制备了BaCe0.gZr0.1Lao1O3-α陶瓷,用粉末X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其晶体结构和断面形貌进行了表征.以陶瓷材料为固体电解质、多孔性铂为电极,用交流阻抗谱技术测定了材料在500～900℃下不同气体气氛中的电导率;用气体浓差电池方法测定了材料在于燥空气和湿润空气中的离子迁移...     

Enhanced electrochemical performance of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode via dual-functional lanthanide modification

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - This study investigates the use of lanthanide elements to modify a layered oxide cathode through solid-state calcination. Based on the findings, the...     

大孔高镍LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2正极材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

本工作以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微球组装成的胶晶模板作为铸模, 溶胶-凝胶法辅助获得大孔LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ (NCM811)正极材料. 结果表明, 利用PMMA作为造孔剂, 形成了由100 nm的颗粒堆积而成的大孔结构, 这种结构有效地提高了材料的倍率性能和循环稳定性. 大孔NCM811在0.1C的首次放电比容量为190.3 mAh∙g^-1. 2C倍率下NCM811纳米颗粒的放电比容量仅为129.3 mAh∙g^-1, 而大孔NCM811的放电比容量为149.8 mAh∙g^-1. 0.5C倍率下循环400次后大孔NCM811的容量保持率为83.02%, 明显高于纳米颗粒材料的38.59%.     

Enhanced electrochemical performance of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode via wet-chemical coating of MgO

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) has a high potential for using as the cathode material for lithium–ion batteries (LIBs) for electric vehicles owing to...     

Na-doped layered LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 with improved rate capability and cycling stability

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - We have prepared LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (LNMCO) doped with Na+ and studied its properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis...     

Atom probe tomographic studies of precipitation in Al-0.1Zr-0.1Ti (at.%) alloys.

Atom probe tomography was utilized to measure directly the chemical compositions of Al(3)(Zr(1)-(x)Ti(x)) precipitates with a metastable L1(2) structure formed in Al-0.1Zr-0.1Ti (at.%) alloys upon aging at 375 degrees C or 425 degrees C. The alloys exhibit an inhomogeneous distribution of Al(3)(Zr(1)-(x)Ti(x)) precipitates, as a result of a nonuniform dendritic distribution of solute atoms after casting. At these aging temperatures, the Zr:Ti atomic ratio in the precipitates is about 10 and 5, respectively, indicating that Ti remains mainly in solid solution rather than partitioning to the Al(3)(Zr(1)-(x)Ti(x)) precipitates. This is interpreted as being due to the very small diffusivity of Ti in alpha-Al, consistent with prior studies on Al-Sc-Ti and Al-Sc-Zr alloys, where the slower diffusing Zr and Ti atoms make up a small fraction of the Al(3)(Zr(1)-(x)Ti(x)) precipitates. Unlike those alloys, however, the present Al-Zr-Ti alloys exhibit no interfacial segregation of Ti at the matrix/precipitate heterophase interface, a result that may be affected by a significant disparity in the evaporation fields of the alpha-Al matrix and Al(3)(Zr(1)-(x)Ti(x)) precipitates and/or a lack of local thermodynamic equilibrium at the interface.     

Complementary dual-doping of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode enhances ion-diffusion and stability for Li-ion batteries

The Ni-rich LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ (NCM811) layered cathodes endow Li-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density. However, they usually suffer from limited ion-diffusion and structural instability during cycling. Although doping strategy can effectively alleviate these issues, the coupling effects of multi-element doping and the corresponding performance enhancement mechanism have been yet unclear. Here, we report a Zr/Ti dual-doped NCM811 cathode material (ZT-NCM811), in which Zr-ion is doped into both transition metal (TM) layers and lithium layers and Ti-ion is only distributed in TM layers. The dual-doping can effectively enhance crystal structure stability via inhibiting the lattice collapse along c-axis and decreasing the Li/Ni disorder. Meantime, the lattice oxygen escape is also greatly reduced due to the presence of stronger Zr-O and Ti-O bonds, further mitigating the crystal surface parasitic reactions with electrolyte. The resultant ZT-NCM811 exhibits high specific capacity of 124 mAh/g at even 10 C, much higher than undoped and single-doped NCM811, and a retention of 98.8% at 1 C after 100 cycles. The assembled ZT-NCM811/graphite full cell also delivers superior battery performances and durability.