聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯二聚体键离能的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)二聚体的键离能进行了计算.为了选取较为精确的方法来计算PBT各个键的键离能,以与PBT具有相同的酯基官能团的乙酸乙酯为模型参照物.采用M062X, B3P86, M06, PBE0, wB97xD方法分别在基组6-31G(d), 6-311G(d), 6-311+G(d, p), 6-311++G(d, p), cc-pVDZ, cc-pVTZ水平下对乙酸乙酯的键离能进行计算.通过对比计算结果与iBonD数据库的乙酸乙酯实验测定值可知,M062X在基组6-311G(d)水平下计算结果与实验值最为接近.因此,本研究采用M062X方法在基组6-311G(d)水平下对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)二聚体的键离能进行计算.计算结果表明：在PBT的各键中C-C_arcmatic键的键离能最大,主链上的C-C键离能最小,为370.9 kJ/mol.其次就是C-O键,为404.6 kJ/mol.基于PBT键离能的计算结果,设计了3条PBT二聚体热降解过程可能形成的反应路径,分析了热解产物的形成机理.结果表明PBT二聚体热解过程可...     

吡喃木糖热裂解机理的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论理论方法 M062X/6-311++G(d,p),对吡喃木糖的热解反应机理进行了理论计算分析.针对吡喃木糖热解可能发生的化学反应共设计了九条可能的热解路径,并对各路径中的反应物、中间体和过渡态的几何结构进行了能量梯度全优化,并在梯度全优化的基础上计算了各热解反应路径的热力学和动力学参数.文中以两大类方式来设计反应路径:1)木糖首先经过过渡态TS1发生开环反应生成链状中间体2,该步的反应能垒为188.7 kJ/mol,对于中间体2共设计了五种可能的热解反应路径;2)考虑双键同时断裂的情况,木糖先发生脱水反应,接着按C-C和C-O键同时断裂的情况发生开环反应,针于这种情况共设计了四条可能的热解路径.计算结果表明,吡喃木糖热解的主要反应产物有乙醇、乙醛、糠醛、丙酮、酸类、CO_2和CO等小分子化合物.     

吡喃木糖热裂解机理的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论理论方法M062X/6-311++G(d,p)，对吡喃木糖的热解反应机理进行了理论计算分析。针对吡喃木糖热解可能发生的化学反应共设计了九条可能的热解路径，并对各路径中的反应物、中间体和过渡态的几何结构进行了能量梯度全优化，并在梯度全优化的基础上计算了各热解反应路径的热力学和动力学参数。文中以两大类方式来设计反应路径：1）木糖首先经过过渡态TS1发生开环反应生成链状中间体2，该步的反应能垒为188.7 kJ/mol，对于中间体2共设计了五种可能的热解反应路径；2）考虑双键同时断裂的情况，木糖先发生脱水反应，接着按C-C和C-O键同时断裂的情况发生开环反应，针于这种情况共设计了四条可能的热解路径。计算结果表明，吡喃木糖热解的主要反应产物有乙醇、乙醛、糠醛、丙酮、酸类、CO2和CO等小分子化合物。     

木质素模型化合物热解机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法 B3LYP/6-31G(d,p),对β-O-4型木质素二聚体模化物的热解反应机理进行了量子化学理论研究.提出了三种可能的热解反应途径:Cβ-O键均裂的后续反应、Cα-Cβ键均裂的后续反应以及协同反应.计算了各热解反应途径的标准动力学参数,分析了各种主要热解产物的形成演化机理.计算结果表明,β-O-4型模化物中Cβ-O的键离解能最低,其次是Cα-Cβ的.Cβ-O键均裂的后续反应和协同反应路径(3)是主要的反应路径,而Cα-Cβ键均裂的后续和协同反应路径(1)和(2)是热解过程中主要的竞争反应路径.     

分子内氮原子上亲核取代反应的理论研究

在MP2(full)/631+G(d,p)理论水平上,以-CHR-(CH2)3-NFCH3(R=H,CH3,CH2CF3,CHO,COCH3)为计算模型,对分子内可能发生的两条反应路径—氮原子上的亲核取代反应及消去反应进行了理论研究.结果表明,当进攻基团-CHR为碱性较强的基团,即R=H、CH3、CH2CF3时,有利于发生消去反应而生成直链化合物R-CH2-(CH2)3N=CH2;而当R为吸电子基团-CHO、-COCH3时,主要发生分子内氮原子上的亲核取代反应,产物为含氮的五员杂环化合物.这些理论预测与已有的实验结果吻合.     

H_2CO+OH~-反应的理论研究(英文)

用量化从头算方法在MP4(SDTQ)理论水平上首次考察了甲醛和氢氧根负离子反应的所有可能的反应通道.用6-311 G(3df,3pd)基组对所有的反应中间体、过渡态和产物开展了结构优化和单点能量计算,并经频率分析和内禀反应反应坐标计算(IRC)确认反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的相关性.在H2CO OH-所有可能的反应通道中生成CHOO- H2的通道是该反应的最可几通道,而由于羰基的存在生成H3O-的通道更容易分解产生CHOO- H2.在高计算水平下计算的氢交换反应结果与文献报道相同.通过计算提出亲核加成过程的反应通道,主要产物生成H2和生成COOH-/HCOO-/OCHO-异构体.所有反应通道的反应几率顺序为COOH- H2>H3O- CO>HCHO OH->CHO- H2O>HCOO- H2>OCHO- H2.     

CH2和CH3分子在金属团簇Cun(n=1～6)上吸附性质

以σ-羟基环氧化合物作为模型化合物, 利用密度泛函中B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)的方法研究了三乙基铝促进的环氧化合物的重排还原有机串联反应机理. 根据乙烯消去和六元环重排顺序的不同可有两条可能的反应路径,路径I首先进行的是六元环的收缩重排,而且该步即决速步,能垒为116.62 kJ/mol;路径II中首先发生乙烯的消去然后进行六元环开环重排,开环反应步是该反应路径的决速步,相应的能垒为251.38 kJ/mol,如此高的能垒导致后续反应难于进行. 因此,路径I是更有利的反应路径,与实验结果一致.     

苯乙双胍在人体内形成一氧化氮的机理研究

探讨了一氧化氮(NO)在一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的作用下通过氧化苯乙双胍的末端氮原子N1而合成的机理.在这个过程中,化合物的氧化是通过过氧甲酸HCOOOH(Performic acid)来实现的.我们以AM1计算为基础,在NO形成的反应路径上,研究了化合物的中间产物(speciesB、C、D、E),并得到了这些分子的最优化结构.此机制所释放的产物为HNO,它很容易产生NO.通过研究C3-O15和C3-N1原子间距离的变化,我们讨论了这个机制的合理性.     

H3O+, NO+和O+·2离子同九种烷氧基醇化合物反应的研究

在用选择离子流动管质谱(SIFT-MS)分析常用指甲油清洗垫发现大量4-丁酸内脂(γ-butyrolactone, GBL)和2-丁氧基乙醇(2-butoxy-1-ethanol)等挥发性气体后, 运用选择离子流动管(SIFT)对H3O , NO 和O ·2离子同九种烷氧基醇化合物(R1-O-R2OH)之间的反应进行了研究. 获得了这些反应在潮湿空气条件下进行的情况, 并运用产物离子水合物的种类和分布来确认产物离子的结构和反应机理. 还研究了在不同载气压力下进行的反应. 结果表明, 这些化合物同H3O 和NO 的反应都是先生成初生态离子-分子络合物, (H3O .M)*和(NO .M)*, 然后经不同反应渠道生成各种离子产物. 这些初生态络合物同反应体系中存在的气体分子(如氦气, 氮气和氧气分子)的碰撞对最终离子产物的形成和分布也有影响. 这些化合物同O2 ·反应会生成各种离解碎片离子, 但不能确定这些离子是否经由初生态络合物(O2 ·.M)*生成. 该项研究提供了用SIFT-MS在空气和潮湿气体中分析这些化合物所需的反应速率常数和离子产物等动力学数据, 并将进一步应用到药物成瘾及滥用和呼吸道疾病的诊断和分析等领域.     

含多氟烷基三环螺环化合物的合成及波谱学结构研究

选择合适的反应条件,设计合成了含长链多氟烷基的螺环化合物. 通过对反应产物的¹H MR、 ¹³C NMR、2D NMR和IR、MS谱及X-衍射图的分析,对最终反应产物10-(5-氯-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-八氟-戊烷基)-11-(1-碘-甲基)-6,14-二氧杂-螺[4.2.4.2]十四烷-7,13-二酮进行了结构确证和分析. 讨论了该类化合物的谱学行为和空间构型.     

聚氨酯改性TDE-85/ MeTHPA树脂的固化反应机理及动力学研究

 以聚醚二元醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯为原料，合成了聚醚型聚氨酯预聚体(PUP)。采用该预聚体、扩链剂1,4-丁二醇、交联剂三羟甲基丙烷对TDE-85/甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐（MeTHPA)环氧树脂体系进行改性，通过示差扫描量热法与红外光谱法分析，探讨了聚氨酯(PU)改性环氧树脂体系固化反应机理及固化反应动力学特征。固化反应机理研究表明，TDE-85与MeTHPA之间的固化反应形成环氧聚合物网络Ⅰ，1,4-丁二醇及三羟甲基丙烷同PUP进行了扩链、交联反应形成了PU聚合物Ⅱ。异氰酸酯基同环氧基反应，使得聚合物Ⅰ与聚合物Ⅱ形成了接枝化学键。固化反应动力学研究表明，PU的加入可明显降低环氧树脂固化反应的表观活化能，活化能由TDE-85/MeTHPA树脂体系时的83.14 kJ/mol降至PU改性后的67.91 kJ/mol。     

Prediction of mineral crystal structures

The aim of our work has been to develop a computer simulation technique that can predict the structure of minerals. The basis of the technique is energy minimisation, i.e. all structural parameters are varied until the configuration with the lowest lattice energy is achieved; the initial configuration usually corresponds to an “ideal” structure based on regular polyhedra. The lattice energy is calculated using a specified potential model which includes electrostatic and short-range terms. These techniques can be applied to two distinct areas of structure prediction. The first concerns discrimination between alternative space groups proposed for the same structure. The second concerns the calculation of distortions from ideal close-packed structures. Here we concentrated mainly on silicate minerals. Furthermore, by varying the cell parameters we were able to simulate the effect of pressure on the crystal structure. Our results show that it is possible to establish potential models which predict detailed features of mineral structural chemistry.     

Reversible electron-induced cis-trans isomerization mediated by intermolecular interactions

Reversible isomerization processes are rarely found when organic molecular switches are adsorbed on metal surfaces. One obstacle is the large energy difference of the isomeric forms, since usually the most planar conformer has the largest adsorption energy. In the example of an imine derivative, we show a strategy for also stabilizing the non-planar isomer by intermolecular bonding to its neighbors. Tunneling electrons from the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope can then be used to induce reversible switching between the trans?and cis-like state. Supported by model force-field calculations, we illustrate that the most probable cause of the enhanced stability of the three-dimensional cis?state at specific adsorption sites is the electrostatic interaction with N sites of the neighboring molecule.     

两种含硅炔基树脂的固化行为研究

综合采用红外光谱（FTIR）、核磁碳谱 (13C NMR)、差示扫描量热（DSC）,热失重测试(TGA)等多种表征手段,研究了聚硅芳炔（PAR）和聚硅乙炔（PMR）两种含硅炔基树脂的固化行为,讨论了树脂固化物的结构与热稳定性的关系。结果表明：PAR和PMR树脂的固化机理不同,PAR主要通过炔基间的加成和Diels-Alder反应实现分子间的固化交联,并最终形成由苯环和稠芳环组成的芳构网络;PMR则主要通过硅氢基、炔基、烯基之间的加成反应实现固化,并成形饱和的碳硅Si—C(sp3)网络结构。固化成型的芳构网络和Si—C(sp3)网络结构分别赋予了PAR和PMR树脂固化物良好的热稳定性能,它们的热分解温度T_d5均大于600 ℃,900 ℃残重率均达到85%以上。     

聚碳硅烷纤维不熔化反应程度的表征

在先驱体法制备碳化硅 (Si C)纤维的过程中 ,聚碳硅烷 (PCS)纤维的不熔化反应程度对终烧 Si C纤维的性能具有重要影响。本文就 PCS纤维的不熔化反应程度的表征方法进行了探讨。结果表明 ,PCS纤维不熔化反应程度可以用 PCS纤维的硅 -氢 (Si— H)的反应程度来描述     

糖与氨基酸反应产物结构的EPR和13C NMR研究

应用EPR和¹³C NMR技术系统地研究了糖与氨基酸反应的产物。EPR波谱分析表明,反应产物的结构主要取决于氨基酸的结构。¹³C NMR波谱的化学位移表明、反应产物的结构应该是2,5-哌嗪二酮,糖是作为1,4位取代的配位基。本文还提出了一种可能的反应机制。     

A theoretical study on the kinetics of multichannel Multiwell reaction of H2S(1A1) with HO2(2A′′)

The mechanism and kinetics of the reaction of hydrogen sulphide (H₂S(¹A₁)) with hydroperoxyl radical (HO₂(²A″)) on the lowest doublet potential energy surface have been theoretically studied. The potential energy surface for possible pathways has been investigated by employing Complete Basis Set (CBS), DFT, and CCSD(T) methods. Three possible pathways are suggested for the title reaction. The most probable entrance channel consists of formation of a hydrogen-bonded pre-reaction complex (vdw1) and two energised intermediates. Multichannel RRKM-Steady State Approximation and CVT calculations have been carried out to compute the rate constants over a broad range of temperature from 200?K to 3000?K to cover the atmospheric and combustion conditions and pressure from 0.1 to 2000?Torr. No sign of pressure dependence was observed for the title reaction over the stated range of pressure. We have shown that the major products of the title reaction are H₂O₂ and SH while at higher temperatures, formation of the other products such as H₂O, HOS, HSOH and OH are feasible, too. Our calculated overall rate constant is in agreement with the reported experimental data in the literature.     

Structure of Ti N (N = 6–15) titanium cluster isomers

The atomic structures of various isomers of free Ti _N (N = 6–15) titanium clusters have been studied by molecular dynamics using the many-body interaction potential in the tight binding model. The following parameters of the cluster structure have been calculated: average bond length and energy, coordination number, and frequencies (probabilities) of their appearance. An increase in the cluster size N is accompanied by increased values of these parameters. It is established that the frequency of appearance of an isomer with a given N value increases with the bond energy. The most probable structures of clusters with N = 10–15 correspond to maximum values of the atomic structure parameters among all isomers of a given size.     

From density functional steric analysis and molecular electrostatic potential to the estimation of etherification rate constant

This research extends our more recent work on the application of molecular electrostatic potential as an effective approach in describing the influence of substituent on etherification reaction rate constant of phenol derivatives. Here, in addition to electronic factor, the steric effects have also been considered for our purpose. To analyze steric effects on etherification rate constant, we use the novel energy partition scheme proposed recently by Liu [S. B. Liu, J. Chem. Phys. 2007, 126, 244103], where the total electronic energy is decomposed into three independent components: steric, electrostatic, and fermionic quantum. In this scheme, the steric potential has also been introduced. We first derive a relationship on the basis of density functional theory to show that the etherification rate constant should be proportional to the electrostatic potential on the atomic sites. Then, a bilinear function of molecular electrostatic potential and steric energy or steric potential is proposed for estimation of etherification reaction rate constants. Taking the experimental kinetics data of 30 substituted phenols, the validity of the proposed approach has been verified in position and momentum spaces. It is worth noting that the remarkable good performance of the momentum densities, which for the first time used in calculations of steric energy for a reaction, has been observed. Finally, using the relationship between new energy partition scheme and information theory, applicability of the Shannon entropy as one of the information theoretic measures is also tested for our goal and considerable results were obtained. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.