克百威的免疫亲和色谱分析研究

Sepharose CL-4B经碳酰二咪唑(CDI)活化后与纯化的克百威抗体共价偶联,合成了免疫亲和色谱(IAC)固定相,并用其制备了对克百威具有特异性亲和力的IAC柱。对IAC条件进行了优化,选择0.02 mol/L pH 7.2磷酸盐缓冲液(PB)作为吸附与平衡介质,60%（体积分数）甲醇水溶液作为洗脱剂。结果表明:在优化条件下,IAC柱对克百威的动态柱容量达1.58 mg/L。当标样溶液中克百威质量浓度低于 2　μg/L时,经IAC柱富集的效率高于167倍。在河水中按0.1 mg/L水平添加克百威标准品,经IAC柱分离富集,洗脱液采用包被抗体直接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISA)法检测,5次重复测定的平均回收率为89.8%,相对标准偏差为4.8%。同时采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定洗脱液,与ELISA法测定结果基本一致。     

琼脂糖凝胶CL-6B亲和色谱法一步纯化蚯蚓半乳凝素

环节动物的S型凝集素在结构和生化性质上都有别于一般的S型凝集素,其在抗癌等研究方面的潜在价值重大。根据环节动物S型凝集素的性质,采用惰性分子筛填料Sepharose CL-6B（琼脂糖凝胶CL-6B）作为亲和色谱介质对蚯蚓S型凝集素进行了纯化。以2 mmol/L乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）-MEPBS (4 mmol/L β-巯基乙醇,150 mmol/L NaCl,20 mmol/L 磷酸盐,pH 7.2)溶液作为平衡液,以氨水(150 mmol/L,pH 10.5)作为洗脱液得到的蛋白质经SDS-PAGE（十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳）、凝血实验及荧光检测等证明了其即为蚯蚓S型凝集素。该方法只需一个步骤即可从蚯蚓提取液中分离到纯的S型凝集素,比传统方法更加快捷高效,优越性明显。该方法的应用将有利于对环节动物S型凝集素的深入研究。     

蛋白质在金属螯合亲和色谱中的竞争洗脱

以细胞色素C和溶菌酶为代表,研究了蛋白质在强亲和性金属螯合柱(IDA-Cu(Ⅱ))上的保留行为。考察了竞争剂、缓冲体系对蛋白质在IDA-Cu(Ⅱ)柱上保留值的影响。发现在PBS和NaAc-HAc缓冲体系用咪唑(Imid)和甘氨酸(Gly)作竞争剂,可使蛋白质得到较好分离;在Gly和Imid竞争体系,分别研究了pH值变化对蛋白质在IDA-Cu(Ⅱ)柱上保留值的影响。为使蛋白质在IDA-Cu(Ⅱ)柱上得到有效分离且减少固定金属Cu2+的流失,对Gly体系,最好采用竞争置换和降低pH值相结合的方式进行洗脱。对Imid体系,溶液pH值应控制在6.0为宜,低pH值下蛋白质则不宜被洗脱。结果表明,竞争剂浓度与蛋白质在IDA-Cu(Ⅱ)柱上的保留关系均符合计量置换模型。随着竞争剂浓度的增加,蛋白质的保留值减小。保留因子(k′)的对数与竞争剂浓度倒数(1/[D])的对数具有良好的线性关系,其线性相关系数分别在0.984和0.986以上。     

2,2,2-三氟-1-(9-蒽基)乙醇对映体在涂敷型手性固定相上的拆分

用高效液相色谱法在涂敷１５％（Ｗｔ）三苯基氨基甲酸纤维素醌手性柱上,考察了洗脱液正己烷／醇（Ｖ／Ｖ）中醇对分离－２,２,２－三氟－１（９－蒽基）乙醇对映体的影响,初步认为,在对映体分离过程中,洗脱液中醇与手性固定相的ＮＨ和Ｃ＝Ｏ形成氢键作用,此过程与对映体和手性固定相的ＮＨ和Ｃ＝Ｏ所形成氢键作用相竞争;洗脱液中醇的结构不同之所以影响对映体的分离效果,还与洗脱中醇改变固定相中手性空穴的立体环境有关,     

应用颗粒状8-氨基喹啉螯合纤维素交换剂分离富集Pt(Ⅳ),Pd(Ⅱ)

采用自制颗粒状８－氨基喹啉螯合纤维素交换剂，对Ｐｔ（Ⅳ）和Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）进行柱分离。当ｐＨ为３８时，Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）被交换剂的螯合基团螯合，而Ｐｄ（Ⅳ）不被螯合，从而达到Ｐｔ（Ⅳ）、Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）的分离。再以１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＨＣｌ作洗脱液将Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）洗脱。此法可达到定量分离，操作简便。     

聚乙烯醇制备型色谱柱填料的合成与应用

一、前言用分散聚合法将乙酸乙烯酯（Vac）和三烯丙基异睛豚酸酯（TAIC）共聚制得多孔聚合物（VT）珠体，皂化后制得交联聚乙烯醇（PVA）渗透色谱柱填料，经多种蛋白质和小分子药物的色谱实验，表明该共聚物对小分子物质呈现强的分离能力：在pH—8的条件下，酸性物质先洗脱，碱性物质后洗脱；蛋白质在较短的洗脱时间上被集中洗脱，因此该填料可用了小分子物质的分离纯化，也可用于清除杂蛋白。二、载体合成与表征［1－3］用乙酸乙烯酯与＊MC在混合制孔剂存在下，以偶氮二异丁腊为引发剂，搅拌下聚合，聚合物珠体经充分水洗，置沙氏提…     

聚四氟乙烯毛细管在线富集分离痕量钌(Ⅲ)及荧光测定

利用碱性条件下聚四氟乙烯毛细管(PTFEtube)对钌-邻菲罗啉具有富集作用,建立了单道流动注射在线富集分离及检测痕量钌的荧光分析法。本方法考察了毛细管壁、流速、pH值、温度及掩蔽剂EDTA、干扰离子等因素对富集效果的影响。当浓缩液pH值为11.8,邻菲罗啉浓度为1×10-4mol/L,浓缩和洗脱速度为3.8mL/min及EDTA的浓度为2×10-2mol/L时,获得最佳结果。在优化的实验条件下,该方法在0~50ng/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.8ng/L(S/N=3);RSD=2.1%(n=3)。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱-质谱法测定污水中糖皮质激素

建立了同时测定污水中7种糖皮质激素的固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱的分析方法.利用单因素实验优化固相萃取影响因素:洗脱液、洗脱体积、水样pH值及淋洗液.在此基础上,进行L9(34)正交实验.通过直观分析和方差分析区分主次因素,确定了最佳固相萃取条件:洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯,洗脱剂用量为10 mL,pH=5.0,清洗剂为20％甲醇.7种糖皮质激素的检出限为1.56～10.59 ng/L;在20～100 ng/L的3个添加水平范围内的平均回收率为72.5％～101.4％,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10.9％.     

绿茶对金(Ⅲ)、锗(Ⅳ)离子捕集性能的研究

以绿茶做捕集剂,对水溶液中的金（Ⅲ）、锗（Ⅳ）两种离子进行了捕集性能的研究。实验结果表明,绿茶在pH5-7和pH6-7时,对金（Ⅲ）、锗（Ⅳ）两种离子的捕集率分别可达97%和96%以上,金（Ⅲ）、锗（Ⅳ）的捕集容量分别为7.6mg/g和5.7mg/g。捕集后的金属离子可分别用10g/L亚硫酸钠溶液和5mol/L盐酸进行洗脱。脱附后的茶叶可得到再生。     

吸附树脂分离纯化枇杷花总黄酮的研究

比较了D-101、D-160、AB-8、NKA-9和聚酰胺等5种吸附树脂对枇杷花总黄酮的吸附及解吸附性能。在静态吸附和动态吸附实验基础上,筛选出效果较好的AB-8树脂进行动态吸附参数的研究。考察了样品液pH值、样品液浓度、洗脱液浓度、上样速度、洗脱速度等对AB-8树脂吸附和解吸效果的影响,确定了AB-8树脂动态吸附枇杷花总黄酮的最佳条件。获得的最佳纯化条件如下,样品液pH值为5.5,样品液浓度为12mg/mL,洗脱液为30%的乙醇水溶液,上样速度为2BV/h,洗脱速度为1BV/h。纯化后样品总黄酮含量达86.7%,比纯化前总黄酮含量高5~6倍。实验结果表明,AB-8树脂可用于分离纯化枇杷花总黄酮。     

Aqueous size-exclusion chromatography of humic acids on a sephadex gel column with diluted phosphate buffers as eluents

The elution behavior of humic acids on a Sephadex gel column is senstive to the composition, concentration, and pH of the eluent. the concentrations of the eluent in the literature are too high to obtain the correct molecular size distribution of humic acids. By reducing the concentration of phosphate buffer eluents to about a hundredth of conventional concentrations, the correct distribution is obtained. In the proposed method, 1 ml of 0.1% sample solution is introduced into a Sephadex G-50 column (2.2-cm diameter, 55 cm long) and humic acids are eluted with a 10^?3 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7–9) at a flow rate of 1 ml min^?1.     

HPLC study for evaluating the significance of pH in the inhibiting effect of phosphate buffer on the leaching pattern of resin composites

An HPLC method was applied to evaluate the inhibiting effect of phosphate buffer on the leaching pattern of resin composites and the significance of pH levels during the storage period in the solutions. Ten (10) disk-shaped specimens (2?mm?×?12?mm diameter) from Evetric restorative resin composite were immersed by means of a silk string in each of the following solutions: Distilled water (solution A), phosphate buffer of pH?=?4.5 (solution B) and phosphate buffer of pH?=?6.8 (solution C). After storage for 7, 30 and 60 days’ period, the eluates were examined by means of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) at each time interval. The storage of the resin composite specimens in the phosphate buffer solution demonstrated an inhibiting effect on the leaching pattern compared to the distilled water solution. The results of this study suggest that HPLC is a useful tool to investigate the effect of the pH value of phosphate buffer solution, which resembles saliva, on the leaching pattern of resin composites.     

High-performance liquid chromatography of apolipoproteins in serum high-density lipoproteins

A simple and rapid method for apolipoprotein analysis in serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL) has been developed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as eluent. In contrast to the use of urea solution as an eluent, apolipoproteins can be analysed by applying an incubation mixture of HDL and the eluent buffer. A TSK-GEL column of G3000SW was found to be more profitable than G2000SW or G4000SW for analysis of HDL apolipoproteins. Elution patterns monitored by absorbance at 280 nm using a G3000SW column can give precise quantitative as well as qualitative information about apolipoproteins of molecular weight between 10(4) and 10(5). HPLC patterns of HDL apolipoproteins were compared between individual human subjects with various diseases. Elution profiles for lipid components in an incubation mixture were also examined.     

Separation of acidic compounds by strong anion-exchange capillary electrochromatography

Separation of the acidic compounds in the ion-exchange capillary electrochromatography (IE-CEC) with strong anion-exchange packing as the stationary phase was studied. It was observed that the electroosmotic flow (EOF) in strong anion-exchange CEC moderately changed with increase of the eluent ionic strength and decrease of the eluent pH, but the acetonitrile concentration in the eluent had almost no effect on the EOF. The EOF in strong anion-exchange CEC with eluent of low pH value was much larger than that in RP-CEC with Spherisorb-ODS as the stationary phase. The retention of acidic compounds on the strong anion-exchange packing was relatively weak due to only partial ionization of them, and both chromatographic and electrophoretic processes contributed to separation. It was observed that the retention values of acidic compounds decreased with the increase of phosphate buffer and acetonitrile concentration in the eluent as well as the decrease of the applied voltage, and even the acidic compounds could elute before the void time. These factors also made an important contribution to the separation selectivity for tested acidic compounds, which could be separated rapidly with high column efficiency of more than 220000 plates/m under the optimized separation conditions.     

高效液相色谱法快速,灵敏测定尿中3—甲基组氨酸含量

本文报道用柱前衍生高液相色谱法快速，灵敏地测定尿中３－甲基组氨酸（３ＭＨ）。采用含３０％乙腈的１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸钠缓冲液（ｐＨ＝７．５）为流动相，等梯度洗脱，１０ｍｉｎ内即可分析一个样品；在２０－３０００ｐｍｏｌ范围内，３ＭＨ线性相关系数为０．９９８６，相对标准偏差为２．３％（批内）和４．５％（批间）；并测定了１０名正常人尿中的３ＭＨ含量。     

High performance liquid chromatography separation of structurally related enkephalins on quaternary ammonium-embedded stationary phase in isocratic mode

Separation of twelve enkephalins was investigated on a quaternary ammonium-embedded stationary phase (Stability BS-C23). Variation of buffer pH of the mobile phase highlighted the complex relationship between repulsive/attractive electrostatic interactions and the reversed-phase partitioning mechanism. The effect of three different anions employed as additives (phosphate, chloride and perchlorate) was examined at various concentrations and two pH values (acidic and neutral). At pH 2.5, an increase in the anion eluent concentration resulted in a higher retention factors of positively charged enkephalins. This effect was more pronounced when perchlorate ions were added to the mobile phase rather than phosphate and chloride ions, due to chaotropic and ion-pairing effects. In contrast, at pH 7.5, retention factors of negatively charged enkephalins decreased when these salts were added, due to an anion-exchange mechanism. Perchlorate caused a sharper decrease than chloride and phosphate anions did. The results presented here provide insight into the possible adjustment of retention and separation of peptides on a mixed-mode stationary phase (BS-C23) by a careful control of the buffer pH, the nature and concentration of anions, added to the buffer, and organic modifier content.     

Sampling and identification of natural dyes in historical maps and drawings by liquid chromatography with diode-array detection

A simple and rapid liquid chromatographic with diode-array UV-vis spectrophotometric detection (HPLC-DAD) method for identification of natural dyes has been developed. Chromatographic retention of carminic acid, indigotin, crocetin, gambogic acid, alizarin and purpurin has been studied. The mobile phase consisted of 40 mM SDS-10 mM phosphate buffer solution (pH 2.3)-0.1% TFA (eluent A) and acetonitrile (eluent B) using a programmed gradient (5% B to 95% B). Analyses were carried out on a Phenomenex, Luna 5u NH2 100(a) column (250 mm x 4.60 mm i.d., 5 microm particle) and the operating conditions were: 0.6 ml min(-1) flow rate, 20 microl volume injection and 35 degrees C column temperature. Extracts of samples of natural dyes taken from historical maps belonging to The Royal Chancellery Archives in Granada were successfully analyzed using the proposed method including a new technique for sampling.     

用反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定DNA中鸟嘌呤加胞嘧啶的百分含量

本文提出了用反相离子对高效液相色谱测定脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)在88%甲酸水解产物中鸟嘌呤加胞嘧啶的摩尔百分含量的方法,用阶式梯度技术分离五种碱基。     

Separation of Basic Proteins in Bare Fused-Silica Capillaries with Diethylentriamine Phosphate Buffer as the Background Electrolyte Solution

The effectiveness of diethylentriamine (DIEN) phosphate buffer at separating basic proteins in bare fused-silica capillaries at various pH values was examined. Such a buffer consists of an aqueous solution of DIEN titrated to the desired pH value with phosphoric acid. The study was conducted by investigating the effect of DIEN phosphate buffer on the electrophoretic mobility and efficiency of four basic proteins at various pH values within the ranges over which the phosphate salts of DIEN are effective at controlling the protonic equilibrium on the basis of the acidic pKa values of either diethylentriamine or phosphoric acid. The ranges were taken as one pH unit below and above the acidic pKa values of either DIEN or phosphoric acid. Electrophoretic separations of the four basic proteins performed at the selected pH values, ranging from pH 3.0 to pH 8.0, showed well-resolved efficient and symmetric peaks, demonstrating the capability of DIEN phosphate buffer at inhibiting untoward interactions of basic proteins with the active sites on the inner wall of bare fused-silica capillaries. Such effect is ascribed to the absorption of DIEN ions at the interface between the capillary wall and the electrolyte solution resulting in drastic variations of the positive charge density in the compact region of the electric double layer that, however, are is not suppressing completely the negative charges due to the ionization of silanol groups. Consequently, the net charge within the immobilized region of the electric double layer is negative as evidenced by the cathodic electroosmotic flow measured at any pH value within the range 3.0–8.0, indicative of negative zeta potential.     

Determination of impurities in propranolol hydrochloride by high-performance liquid chromatography on dynamically modified silica

A rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been elaborated for the separation and determination of small amounts of impurities in propranolol hydrochloride. The separation was achieved on a column of bare silica (Zorbax SIL) with methanol-water-0.2 M phosphate buffer pH 8.0 (70:25:5) containing 2.5 mM of cetyltrimethylammonium (CTMA) bromide as the eluent. The concentrations of methanol and CTMA as well as the pH of the phosphate buffer were found greatly to affect the separation. The selectivity of the system towards a mixture of propranolol and three possible impurities was investigated using different brands of silica. Only minor variations were found relative to those of a chromatographic system based on chemically bonded ODS silicas from the same sources. The method is also suitable for identification purposes, being able to separate most beta-blocking drugs of structures similar to that of propranolol.