铝电解槽磁场的三维数值计算

应用表面磁荷法对铝电解槽的磁场进行了三维计算,并将计算结果与实际测量结果进行了比较,建立了相应的计算软件,并用于铝电解槽有关设计研究.     

湍流热对流DNS多分辨率并行直接求解方法

依据温度标量场与动量计算的空间和时间计算分辨率不同的特点,采用两套网格,建立多分辨率双网格并行直接求解方法,用以解决极高Ra数湍流热对流DNS模拟巨大计算工作量的难题.在两套网格的数据交换上,根据每个细网格都满足连续方程,设计了速度的守恒平移插值方法.二维极高Ra数湍流热对流的计算结果表明,采用多分辨率双网格并行直接求解方法的DNS计算,可以使计算工作量降低近一个量级.瞬时温度场显示,双网格方法的计算结果可以很好地描述极高Ra数下快速运动的小尺寸漩涡团状羽流,得到的结果与原网格一致,不同方法计算得到的传热Nu数误差不超过1%.     

铝电解槽内湍流流动与界面波动的数值模拟

建立了模拟铝电解槽内电解液和铝熔液湍流流及两层熔液界面波动的数学模型，利用交错网格上的一种基于ＳＩＭＰＬＥ算法的改形格式，计算了２８０ｋＡ电解槽内两层熔液的流动状况与界面形状。     

大型预焙铝电解槽电、热场的有限元计算

采用加权余量的伽辽金法推导了铝电解槽电、热场计算的有限元方程.利用ANSYS有限元软件具有的多重单元、多重属性及其能耦合求解电、热场的特点,建立了铝电解槽阳极和熔体大面切片的有限元模型.在合适的边界条件的假定下,对160kA预焙槽的电、热场进行了仿真计算,分析了槽内的温度分布和电压、电流分布.结果表明:所建有限元模型的仿真结果与设计值吻合较好,证实了采用ANSYS软件优化铝电解槽设计和开发新型铝电解槽的可行性与准确性.     

含双时间步法的化学非平衡流解耦算法

发展基于隐式双时间步法的化学非平衡流解耦型计算方法.采用算子分裂法对流动和反应进行解耦处理,流动方程组通过双时间步方法求解;源项方程组采用二阶梯形公式迭代求解;提出"源项消去"法,以消除化学反应源项对流动求解引入的误差,从而保证流动方程组求解的时间精度.理论分析和计算结果表明,方法既可以保证双时间步法的求解效率,又可以获得比较精确的非定常计算结果.     

蓝光高密度光盘驱动器中聚焦误差特性分析

高密度数字视盘(HD-DVD)是一种新型蓝光存储技术，可以满足数字高清视频节目的播放要求.介绍了用于HD-DVD驱动器中的刀口法调焦方案，基于菲涅耳公式和标量衍射理论，推导了刀口法调焦的HD-DVD驱动器中聚焦误差信号与离焦量之间关系的计算模型.应用该计算模型，分析了不同离焦量时探测器上光强分布情况.计算得到的聚焦误差信号与离焦量之间的关系曲线与实验测得的“S型”曲线相一致，证明了计算模型的正确性.进一步分析了正焦点时由于记录符调制而引起的聚焦误差的干扰信号，计算结果表明这种干扰的强度小于4.5%.分析表 关键词： 光存储 刀口法 聚焦误差 标量衍射     

横向磁场作用下Taylor-Couette湍流流动的大涡模拟

采用大涡模拟方法对横向磁场作用下导电流体Taylor-Couette湍流流动进行数值模拟,以研究其运动规律.计算模型为无限长度,半径比为1/2.雷诺数分别选取为3000和5000,磁场加载方式为全局磁场,哈特曼数取值0—50.对磁场作用下泰勒涡的演化过程、速度分布和湍动能分布进行分析,并与轴向磁场作用下泰勒涡演化过程进行对比.结果表明:磁场对流场有显著的抑制作用,扭曲的泰勒涡在横向磁场的作用下破裂成小尺度涡结构,并沿磁场方向排列;在外圆筒和垂直于磁场方向的区域,磁场抑制效果较强;随着雷诺数的增加,磁场抑制效果减弱,在流场不同区域,流动呈现出不同的特点.与轴向磁场相比,横向磁场对流场的抑制效果较弱,流场分布呈现出明显的各向异性.     

非平衡磁控溅射系统磁场的半解析法

应用电磁场分析中的一种新方法——半解析法,对一种典型的非平衡磁控溅射系统进行了磁场分析. 结果表明,应用半解析法计算,求解变量少、方法简单,而且计算精度高,该方法相对于等效源法有严密的理论依据,标量位函数的表达式为级数解析式,有利于场强的计算,更有利于优化设计. 关键词： 非平衡磁控溅射 半解析法 标量磁位 磁场强度     

绕翼型加速流动的数值模拟-加速度的影响

对绕30°攻角NACA 0015翼型的不可压缩加速流动进行了二维数值模拟,采用有限体积法计算了水道中4种不同加速度下绕翼型的非定常流动,最终稳定的流速都为100 mm/s,对应雷诺数为8000.给出了详细的瞬态流动结构、升力系数以及流动的演化过程,重点分析了加速度对流动结构的影响.计算结果表明启动过程和完成启动后的绕翼型流动结构复杂,其流动分离现象也明显区别于稳态过程自生和自维持的分离流动,具有明显的瞬态效应,并且启动加速度大小对流动结构和发展、漩涡强度等都有直接影响.     

一种晶体光纤基模色散特性的矢量法分析

利用矢量有效折射率方法(矢量法)对光子晶体光纤基模的色散特性进行了数值模拟，并与双正交归一基矢量法以及标量有效折射率方法(标量法)的模拟结果进行了对比.发现所用矢量法的结果与双正交归一基矢量法的结果符合很好，而标量法在低空气填充率f或较高归一化波数A/λ时是一种较好的近似，在空气填充率f较高或归一化波数A/λ较低时，要得到精确的结果必须利用矢量法对光子晶体光纤的特性进行模拟.讨论了光子晶体光纤包层有效折射率与光纤结构的关系. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 矢量法 有效折射率 色散     

Numerical modelings of superconducting wires for AC loss calculations

Superconducting properties of superconducting wires as well as the influence of their composite structure and twisting should be taken into account for their numerical modeling for AC loss calculations. Furthermore, complicated electromagnetic conditions in electrical apparatuses under which superconducting wires are used influence their AC loss properties; superconducting wires carry their transport current and are exposed to the external magnetic field whose direction and magnitude vary spatially. A series of numerical models of superconducting tapes based on the finite element method has been developed. In each model, some of the above-mentioned factors that could influence the AC loss properties are taken into account. The models are formulated with the current vector potential and the scalar magnetic potential (T–Ω method). Superconducting property is given by the E–J characteristic represented by a power law. The current distributions in non-twisted and twisted superconducting tapes carrying their transport current and/or exposed to the external magnetic field are calculated with these models to estimate their AC loss. The current distribution in a short piece of superconducting tape exposed to AC magnetic field is also calculated.     

Numerical calculation of current density distributions in high temperature superconducting tapes with finite thickness in self field and external field

The current density distribution of high temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes is modeled for the combined case of an alternating self and applied magnetic field. This numerical analysis is based on the two-dimensional Poisson equation for the vector potential. A one-dimensional current (z-direction) and a one-dimensional applied field (y-direction) are assumed. The vector potential is rewritten into an equation of motion for the current density J(x,y,t). The model covers the finite thickness of the conductor and an n-power E–J relation. The magnetic field dependence of J_c is also included in this E–J relation. A time-dependent two-dimensional current distribution that is influenced by the aspect ratio of the conductor and the material properties in E=f(J,B) is calculated numerically. The numerical results are compared with the experimental results for the AC loss of a tape driven by a transport current. Finally, a total AC loss factor is given for two cases in magnetic field direction, perpendicular and parallel to the conductor broad side.     

Effects of magnetic field on the evolution of the wave function of a charged particle with an angular momentum

We have calculated the effect of a magnetic field on the evolution of angular momentum eigenfunctions of a charged particle. An additional harmonic potential is supplemented to trap the wave packet. We find the probability density of the wave function is oscillating in the radial direction with a time period determined by the strength of the effective harmonic potential. When the magnetic field is along the z direction, if the initial wave function is an eigenfunction of ${\hat{L}}_{z}$, the probability density of the particle remains axis-symmetric. While for the case of an eigenfunction of ${\hat{L}}_{x}$, it is anisotropic in the x−y plane and rotates with a time period inverse proportional to the strength of the external magnetic field. We also extend the results in a phenomenological way to the case with an external magnetic field that varies harmonically in time.     

Influence of Chiral Mean Field on Kaon In-plane Flow in Heavy Ion Collisions

The influence of the chiral mean field on the K⁺ in-plane flow in heavy ion collisions at SIS energy is investigated within covariant kaon dynamics. For the kaon mesons inside the nuclear medium a quasi-particle picture including scalar and vector fields is adopted and compared to the standard treatment with a static potential. It is confirmed that a Lorentz force from spatial component of the vector field provides an important contribution to the in-medium kaon dynamics and strongly counterbalances the influence of the vector potential on the K⁺ in-plane flow. The calculated results show that the new FOPI data can be reasonably described using the Brown & Rho parametrization, which partly takes into account the correction of higher order contributions in the chiral expansion. This indicates that one can abstract the information on the kaon potential in a nuclear medium from the analysis of the K⁺ in-plane flow.     

On the accuracy of FFT based magnetostatic field evaluation schemes in micromagnetic hysteresis modeling

Micromagnetic hysteresis models for large, bulk like samples are useful for the identification of relations between microscopic material properties and macroscopic magnetic behavior. To bridge the gap between the nanometer space scale of the micromagnetic theory and the large sample dimensions, time and memory efficient numerical schemes are needed. In micromagnetic computations, fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) have been widely adopted to speed up magnetostatic field computations. In this paper, two FFT schemes are compared. The first scheme evaluates the magnetostatic field directly starting from the magnetization and has a large accuracy, while in the second scheme the magnetostatic field is derived from the scalar magnetic potential resulting in a reduced accuracy but also in a CPU time reduction for a magnetostatic field evaluation to 65% and a reduction of memory requirements to 55%. The influence of the low accuracy evaluations on the simulated macroscopic hysteresis behavior is studied. Therefore, comparison is made with the influence of thermal effects in hysteresis simulations. It is found that the resulting changes in macroscopic hysteresis behavior are of the same order of magnitude as the ones obtained when thermal fluctuations are taken into account in the high accuracy computations.     

强脉冲磁场冲击处理对铝基复合材料塑性的影响机制

铝基复合材料在加入颗粒相之后, 延伸率和塑性变形能力明显降低. 为改善其塑性变形能力, 通过对比强脉冲磁场冲击处理前后试样内部组织和残余应力的变化特征, 研究了磁致塑性效应对铝基复合材料塑性变形能力的影响机理. 结果表明: 当磁感应强度从2 T变化到4 T时, 铝基复合材料中位错密度显著增加, 4 T时的位错密度是未加磁场时的3.1倍; 3 T, 30个脉冲处理后的复合材料中残余应力值从未加磁场时的41 MPa减小为-1 MPa. 从原子尺度来看, 强磁场导致了磁致塑性效应, 从而引起了位错的运动, 并促进了位错的退钉扎和可移动位错数量的增加; 从材料内部整体结构变化来看, 磁场加速了材料内应力的释放速率, 降低了材料内部的残余应力, 从而改善了铝基复合材料的塑性变形能力.     

三腔渡越管振荡器高频结构的解析研究

 从圆柱坐标系下Borgnis位函数的齐次标量Helmholtz方程出发,引入慢波驻波概念及其场表达式,利用Borgnis位函数的边界条件及相邻子区公共界面上的场匹配条件,导出了三腔渡越管振荡器内角向均匀TM模的色散关系及场分布的解析表达式。运用该解析法求得三腔渡越管振荡器的谐振频率与实验中测得的微波频率一致,求得的场分布与数值法得到的场分布十分吻合。     

磁场中等离子体鞘层的结构

采用流体力学理论，研究了斜磁场作用下的等离子体鞘层结构.在不同大小及方向的磁场作用下，对鞘层的离子，电子密度分布，离子流速度分布，电势分布和Bohm判据进行了讨 论.结果显示磁场对鞘层的结构有明显的影响.在静电力和洛仑兹力的作用下，离子流作螺旋进动，离子密度分布产生振荡. 关键词： 磁鞘 等离子体 磁场     

表面极化子光学声子平均数的磁场和温度依赖性

采用变分法、幺正变换和拉格朗日乘子法,研究了有限温度下纯二维晶体中表面磁极化子的性质.讨论了表面光学声子平均数、磁极化子振动频率λ与磁场B、温度T及Lsgrange乘子u之间的关系.对KCl晶体进行了数值计算,结果表明:磁极化子振动频率、表面光学声子平均数均随磁场B的增强而增加,且随温度T升高而增加.当bgrange乘子u超出慢电子范围时磁极化子振动频率、表面光学声子平均数均随u增加而增大且变化越来越显著.