Wasserstein statistics in one-dimensional location scale models

Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics - Wasserstein geometry and information geometry are two important structures to be introduced in a manifold of probability distributions....     

Revisiting the Rate-Limiting Step of the ANS–Protein Binding at the Protein Surface and Inside the Hydrophobic Cavity

8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) is used as a hydrophobic fluorescence probe due to its high intensity in hydrophobic environments, and also as a microenvironment probe because of its unique ability to exhibit peak shift and intensity change depending on the surrounding solvent environment. The difference in fluorescence can not only be caused by the microenvironment but can also be affected by the binding affinity, which is represented by the binding constant (K). However, the overall binding process considering the binding constant is not fully understood, which requires the ANS fluorescence binding mechanism to be examined. In this study, to reveal the rate-limiting step of the ANS–protein binding process, protein concentration-dependent measurements of the ANS fluorescence of lysozyme and bovine serum albumin were performed, and the binding constants were analyzed. The results suggest that the main factor of the binding process is the microenvironment at the binding site, which restricts the attached ANS molecule, rather than the attractive diffusion-limited association. The molecular mechanism of ANS–protein binding will help us to interpret the molecular motions of ANS molecules at the binding site in detail, especially with respect to an equilibrium perspective.     

Perpendicular magnetic recording—Its development and realization—

The principle of conventional magnetic recording is that magnetic fields are applied parallel to the plane of the magnetic medium. As described in this paper, the invention and development of a new method of placing the magnetized information perpendicular to the plane of the magnetic recording medium is presented. The yield in the mass production of high-density hard disk drives (HDDs) for perpendicular recording is much higher than that of HDDs for conventional recording. Consequently, it is estimated that as many as 75% of the 500 million HDDs to be shipped this year will use this technology.     

Application of Surface Relief Hologram Using Azobenzene Containing Polymer Film

Surface relief holograms are fabricated by irradiation of laser interference patterns on an azobenzene polymer film. The hologram needs no post-treatment, and can be erased by heating the films to above its glass transition temperature. Rewritable Fresnel holograms are fabricated on azo-polymer film. Replication of the surface relief hologram is also demonstrated. An application for business cards is considered.     

Band shapes and moment analysis of the far-infrared absorptions of dipolar molecules in solutions

The moment analyses were performed on the far-infrared absorption bands of CH₃CN, CHCl₃, CH₂Cl₂, and their deuterated compounds dissolved in nonpolar solvents. The values of torque acting on the solute molecules were estimated from the fourth moments. The band profiles were simulated by means of the continued-fraction representation of the time correlation function by Mori, using the moment values obtained. The third order long-time approximation of the correlation function yields essentially good simulations. The effective rotation angles of molecules between collisions were estimated from the first positive-to-negative turning points of the memory functions. The solvent effects on the torque and the rotation angle were consistent with each other.     

Asymmetric synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted cycloalkanecarboxaldehydes. procedures for the highly stereoselective preparation of cis- and trans-isomer

Procedures for the asymmetric synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted cycloalkanecarboxaldehydes ($\text{7}$) having assymetric tertiary and quaternary carbon atoms in vicinal positions from the corresponding cycloalkenecarboxaldehydes ($\text{2}$) in high diastereomeric and enantiomeric purities are described.     

Optical absorption of Cu-centers in CdCl2 and CdBr2 single crystals

The absorption spectra of CdCl₂ and CdBr₂ single crystals doped with cuprous or cupric halides were measured. Optical bleaching of the absorption bands due to Cu⁺ gives rise to new absorption bands which suggest the conversion of Cu⁺→Cu²⁺. This was confirmed also by detecting the growth in ESR signals characteristic of Cu²⁺ centers.     

Measurement of the spectral distribution of a multi-mode dye laser light by using speckle patterns

A simple method of measuring the wavelength γ₁ and the spectral line spacing Δγ of a multi-mode dye laser light by using the correlated speckle patterns produced at the far-field of a diffuser is proposed. Examples of the obtained values of γ₁ and Δγ are 6.0 × 10³ Å and 3.0 × 10¹ Å, respectively.