液-质联用研究槐定碱、槐果碱和苦参碱在兔体内的药代动力学

建立了一种液-质联用测定家兔血浆中槐定碱、槐果碱和苦参碱浓度的方法,并用于生物碱的药代动力学研究。分析方法的线性范围为槐定碱13.2~995.0μg/L,槐果碱7.0~530.0μg/L和苦参碱8.8~655.0μg/L,回收率为90.2%~99.8%。药代动力学参数计算结果表明,槐定碱和槐果碱符合二室模型,而苦参碱则符合三室模型。比较苦黄注射液和混合标准品注射后的药代动力学参数,表明苦黄注射液中的其他成分对槐果碱有促进其消除的作用,对槐定碱的消除可能有促进作用,而对苦参碱则没有影响。     

高效液相色谱法测定家兔血浆中槐果碱浓度

槐果碱(Sophocarpine,Sop)系从豆科槐属植物苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides L.)中提取出来的生物碱,属于四环的喹诺里西啶类(Quinolizidine)生物碱。动物实验和临床应用表明,Sop具有平喘、抗肿瘤及抗心律失常等作用,该药毒性低,副作用小。本文采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定家兔血浆中Sop的浓度,方法灵敏,结果准确,重现性较好,该方法已用于药代动力学的研究。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定人体血清中槐定碱浓度

采用毛细管色谱柱,槐胺碱作内标,以气相色谱法建立了一种测定人体血清中槐定碱浓度的方法。最低检出浓度为０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ,绝对回收率大于９１．７％,日内和日间变异系数小于８．９％。建立的方法已应用在肿瘤病人滴注槐定碱药物的药代动力学研究中。     

苦参配方颗粒的高效液相色谱指纹图谱研究及定量分析

研究了苦参配方颗粒的指纹图谱和含量测定。采用高效液相色谱法,在C18柱上以乙腈-磷酸氢二钠水溶液(20 mmol/L,磷酸调pH 7.1)进行梯度洗脱,柱温35℃,检测波长220 nm,用指标成分氧化苦参碱、氧化槐果碱和苦参碱进行了定位,并在同一色谱条件下同时测定了它们的含量。确定了15个共有峰,其中7、8和11号峰分别为氧化苦参碱、氧化槐果碱和苦参碱。10批样品平均相似度为0.99以上,三个成分的含量分别为:氧化苦参碱50.0~79.8 mg/g;氧化槐果碱13.5~18.1 mg/g;苦参碱16.5~30.1 mg/g。结果表明:指纹图谱与指标成分含量测定相结合,可提高苦参配方颗粒的内在质量控制水平。     

槐定碱-联吡啶钌电致化学发光的研究

研究了槐定碱在碱性联吡啶钌(Ru(bpy)32 )水溶液(pH 9.0)中电致化学发光行为。在玻碳电极上,槐定碱中的氨基氮于 1.30 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)左右被氧化为氮正自由基离子,该自由基离子与Ru(bpy)32 反应生成激发态的Ru(bpy)32 *而发光。利用原位在线电致化学发光方法,槐定碱的检出限为1.0×10-10g/mL。     

Silica sol/Nano-Au/PVP修饰金电极电致化学发光测定槐定碱

基于槐定碱对联吡啶钌(Ru(bpy)2+3)在电致化学发光中的增敏机理,通过传感器修饰技术,将Silica sol/Nano-Au/PVP修饰到金电极表面,建立了简单、快捷测定槐定碱的新方法。实验表明,最佳实验条件下,在1.6×10-7~1.6×10-4mol/L范围内,槐定碱的浓度与其对应的电化学发光强度值呈良好的线性关系,I=4.000×107c+262.2,r2=0.994 5,检出限(S/N=3)为3.5×10-9mol/L。连续平行测定浓度为1.6×10-5mol/L的槐定碱溶液6次,其相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.9%。该方法具有较高的选择性和灵敏度,样品处理简单快速,用于槐定碱的测定,结果满意。     

毛细管电泳法同时测定复方苦参注射液中三种生物碱含量

应用毛细管电泳法测定了复方苦参注射液中苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐定碱的含量。毛细管电泳条件为 :未涂层石英毛细管 ( 5 7cm× 5 0 μm i.d.) ,分离电压为1 2 .5 k V,0 .2 mol/ L Tris- 40 mmol/ L磷酸二氢钠 ( p H5 .5 0 ) - 2 0 %异丙醇为缓冲液 ,检测波长 2 0 0 nm,氢溴酸东莨菪碱为内标。结果表明 ,该法简便、快速、准确 ,重现性好。     

电堆集-场放大进样非水毛细管电泳法测定苦参中的三种生物碱

建立了电堆集-场放大进样非水毛细管电泳法分离测定苦参中的槐定碱、苦参碱和氧化苦参碱。采用未涂层熔融石英毛细管(50cm×50μm i.d.,有效柱长36cm),紫外检测波长为209nm,运行缓冲溶液为50mmol/L乙酸铵-20%乙腈-0.75%乙酸-55%甲醇,分离电压20kV,电动进样20kV、15s,重力进水柱时间20s时达到最佳的分离效果。在优化条件下,上述三种生物碱均在15min内出峰,峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5%。检出限分别达到2.02μg/L、1.32μg/L和1.01μg/L。     

氧化苦参碱、槐定碱和苦参碱在离子交换色谱上的色谱行为研究

采用离子交换色谱法,以氧化苦参碱、槐定碱、苦参碱3种生物碱为对象,研究了流动相pH、缓冲液浓度及三乙胺加入量等色谱条件对生物碱色谱行为的影响,并探讨了其作用机制。结果表明：流动相pH对生物碱的色谱保留行为影响显著,流动相pH接近生物碱pKa时,3种生物碱的保留值迅速降低,生物碱pKa值可用于指导流动相pH的选择;在缓冲液浓度为20～100mmol／L范围内,随着缓冲液浓度增加,生物碱的保留值逐渐减小、柱效有所增加;流动相中三乙胺的加入对生物碱的保留值、对称性及柱效均有一定影响,可达到掩蔽游离硅羟基的作用。将该方法用于苦参药材中3种生物碱的分离检测。     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠-异辛烷-正辛醇反胶束萃取苦参生物碱的研究

利用阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)与溶剂异辛烷和助溶剂正辛醇形成反胶束体系,用于苦参生物碱的萃取分离。研究了pH值、表面活性剂浓度、增溶水量W0、盐种类及浓度等因素对萃取的影响。结果表明:SDBS-异辛烷-正辛醇反胶束体系对苦参生物碱具有良好的选择性和较高萃取率,在pH 5.0,增溶水量W0 25,0.05 mol/L SDBS,0.05 mol/L KCl,室温,萃取时间5 min,反萃取时间20 min的最佳萃取条件下,氧化苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱、苦参碱、槐果碱5种生物碱及总生物碱的萃取率和RSD分别在74.1%～87.2%和0.63%～3.0%之间。本方法选择性高,操作简便。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.